Tim Marker
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Tim Marker
Laboratory & Full Scale Testing ofNon Traditional Lightweight Aircraft Seats
FAA Technical Center
Problem: Next Generation aircraft seats that utilize lighter materials in their constructionare unfairly restricted by the FAR-mandated 10% weight loss criteria.
Example: 6 lb seat [(6.0-5.5) / 6.0] x 100 = 8.3% PASS
% Weight Loss = (initial weight – final weight) / (initial weight) x 100
Example: 4 lb seat [(4.0-3.5) / 4.0] x 100 = 12.5% FAIL
Proposed Testing: Evaluate performance of lightweight cushion under realistic conditions.
Testing Criteria
Supply 18 Sets of Test Cushions to FAATC
Test Cushion Construction per FAR 25.853(c) Appendix F, Part II (or Handbook)
“Each specimen tested must be fabricated using the principal components (i.e., foam core,flotation material, fire blocking material, if used, and dress covering) and assemblyprocesses (representative seams and closures) intended for use in the production articles.If a different material combination is used for the back cushion than the bottom cushion,both material combinations must be tested as complete specimen sets, each set consistingof a back cushion specimen and a bottom cushion specimen.”
Bottom: 18 W x 20 D x 4 T
Back: 18 W x 25 H x 2 T
Testing Criteria (con’t)
FAATC Randomly Selects 6 Sets of Cushions to Conduct Lab-Scale Tests (oil burner)
If Seats Exceed 10% Weight Loss Proceed with Full-Scale Evaluation Using 12 Sets
If Seats Do Not Exceed 10% Weight Loss What is the Problem??
2nd Baseline Test HighlightsSeatsFire Blocked Urethane Using PBI Felt Material with 90/10 Wool/Nylon Dress
Weight Loss ranged from 6 to 10% in Lab Test
Interior Panels0.25-Inch thick crushed Nomex honeycomb core, meets 65/65
CarpetAircraft-grade, meets VBB
Test Execution
AFFF applied to pan fire @ 5:30
CO2 Extinguishing Agent applied to interior @ 6:30
Seat 1 Temperatures
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oF
)
138-Seat 1A Bottom
139-Seat 1A Back
136-Seat 1B Bottom
137-Seat 1B Back
134-Seat 1C Bottom
135-Seat 1C Back
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d
Seat 2 Temperatures
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oF
)
132-Seat 2A Bottom
133-Seat 2A Back
130-Seat 2B Bottom
131-Seat 2B Back
128-Seat 2C Bottom
129-Seat 2C Back
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d
Seat 3 Temperatures
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oF
)
144-Seat 3A Bottom
145-Seat 3A Back
142-Seat 3B Bottom
143-Seat 3B Back
140-Seat 3C Bottom
141-Seat 3C Back
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d
Seat 4 Temperatures
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oF
)
146-Seat 4A Bottom
147-Seat 4A Back
148-Seat 4B Bottom
149-Seat 4B Back
150-Seat 4C Bottom
151-Seat 4C Back
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d
Mid Cabin Temperatures
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oF
)
152-Mid T/C Tree 1'
153-Mid T/C Tree 2'
154-Mid T/C Tree 3'
155-Mid T/C Tree 4'
156-Mid T/C Tree 5'
157-Mid T/C Tree 6'
158-Mid T/C Tree 7'
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d
Forward Cabin Temperatures
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oF
)
160-Fwd T/C Tree 1'
161-Fwd T/C Tree 2'
162-Fwd T/C Tree 3'
163-Fwd T/C Tree 4'
164-Fwd T/C Tree 5'
165-Fwd T/C Tree 6'
166-Fwd T/C Tree 7'
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d
Aft Cabin Temperatures
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oF
)
167-Aft T/C Tree 1'
168-Aft T/C Tree 2'
169-Aft T/C Tree 3'
170-Aft T/C Tree 4'
171-Aft T/C Tree 5'
172-Aft T/C Tree 6'
173-Aft T/C Tree 7'
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d
Mid Cabin Smoke Levels
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Lig
ht
Tran
smis
sio
n (
%)
195-MID Smokemeter (top)
196-MID Smokemeter (mid)
197-MID Smokemeter (bot)
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d
Forward Cabin Smoke Levels
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Lig
ht
Tran
smis
sio
n (
%)
340-FWD Smokemeter (top)
341-FWD Smokemeter (mid)
342-FWD Smokemeter (bot)
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d
Carbon Monoxide Levels
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Car
bo
n M
on
oxi
de
(%)
748-CO Mid, 42"
739-CO Mid, 66"
742-CO Fwd, 42"
745-CO Fwd, 66"
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d
Carbon Dioxide Levels
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Car
bo
n D
ioxi
de
(%)
749-CO2 Mid, 42"
740-CO2 Mid, 66"
743-CO2 Fwd, 42"
746-CO2 Fwd, 66"
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d
Oxygen Levels
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Oxy
gen
(%
) 750-O2 Mid, 42"
741-O2 Mid, 66"
744-O2 Fwd, 42"
747-O2 Fwd, 66"
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d
Heat Flux Levels
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time (Seconds)
Hea
t F
lux
(Btu
/ft2 s
ec)
192-Fwd Calorimeter (5282)
193-Mid Calorimeter (2930)
194-Aft Calorimeter (2939)
AF
FF
App
lied
CO
2 A
pplie
d