Tiger in an african palace, and other thoughts about identification and transformation

Tiger in an African Palace and other thoughts about identifi cation and transformation

Richard Fardon

Tig

er in

an

Afric

an

Pa

lac

eR

ich

ard

Fard

on

Langaa Research & Publishing Common Initiative GroupP.O. Box 902 MankonBamendaNorth West RegionCameroon

Tiger in an African Palace collects eight essays about kinship and belonging that Richard Fardon wrote to complement his monographs on West Africa. The essays extend those book-length descriptions by pursuing their wider implications for theory in social anthropology: exploring the relationship between comparison and historical reconstruction, and questioning the fi t between personal, ethnic and cosmopolitan identities in contemporary West African nations. In an Introduction written specially for this Langaa collection, Richard Fardon retraces the career-long development of his preoccupation with concepts of identifi cation and transformation, and their relevance to understanding West African societies comparatively and historically.

RICHARD FARDON is a social anthropologist and ethnographer of West Africa whose interest in Cameroon and Nigeria stretches back to his doctoral studies in the 1970s. Since then he has published monographs on a variety of aspects of West African society and culture, including politics, history, religion and art. He was appointed to a Chair of West African Anthropology at SOAS, University of London, in 1996, and elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2004. He is currently Head of the SOAS Doctoral School.

Tiger in an African Palaceand other thoughts about

Richard Fardon

Langaa Research & Publishing CIGMankon, Bamenda

Publisher:

Langaa RPCIG

North West Region

In specialibus generalia quaerimus

There are no tigers in Africa

Contents Figures: illustrations, maps and table

Copyright acknowledgements

their neighbours

Bibliography

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TIGER IN AN AFRICAN PALACE

and transformation

Tiger in an African Palace | ix

FiguresFigure 1.1

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

kuni kunada-membu ba-wa

Figure 2.5

Figure 2.6

Figure 7.1

Figure 7.2 Figure 7.3

Figure 7.4

Figure 7.5

Figure 7.6

Figure 7.7

Figure 8.1

Figure 8.2

Figure 8.3

Tiger in an African Palace | xi

Copyright acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Africa

Africa

Chapter 2:

Les Complexités de l’Alliance Economie, politique et fondements symboliques (Afrique),

Chapter 3:Comparative Anthropology

Chapter 4:African Crossroads: Intersections between history and

anthropology in Cameroon

Chapter 5: Ethnicity in Africa: Roots, meanings and implications

Chapter 6: The Media of

Chapter 7:The Qualities of Time

Chapter 8:Anthropology and the New Cosmopolitanism: rooted, feminist and vernacular perspectives

INTRODUCTION

2 | Tiger in an African Palace

Introduction | 3

tsav,

Introduction | 5


alliance

Introduction | 7


mala

Introduction | 9

Introduction | 11

ter

ngaw wan, is used

ter, wan-ter, or ngaw, wan-ngawwan-ter and wan-ngo wan-

gban

Introduction | 13

Introduction | 15

Introduction | 17

gon

jihad

Chapter 1

Sisters, wives, wards and daughtersA transformational analysis of the political organization of the Tiv and their neighbours

Part I The Tiv

The reason is


simplicityatypical

Sisters, wives, wards and daughters | 21


The background


The segmentary lineage model of the Tiv

Udam


nongo,

nongo

nongonongo

Nongo

nongo

ityô. The ityô, nongo, ityô

nongo

… ityô

ipaven, tar. ipaven, is distinnongo,

tar,ipaven nongo


tar,ipaven

tar;

ya, and

ugar

garugar)

tar

ityô,

uipaven)ityô)

uipaven

The nongo

ityô


nongoipaven


A theoretical digression

utar and uipaven

ipaven she writes

utar

tar,

tar ityô

ipaven

ipaven tar

ipaven


ipaven

-ipavenipaven

-ipaven-ipaven

tsav

nongo, ityô, ipaven and tar


a priori


Marriage by exchange


Udam).Udam Udam


angôl ingôl , ingôl

ingôlingôl

ingôl

ingôl

ityô


Justice and Judgement among the Tiv

ingôl

ingôl

ityô ingôlingôl

ityô and ingôl


Kem

kem‘Kem

ityôthe ingôl

ityô and ingôl

in genetricem

ityô,

wangban kwase/nomsu,wangban

in genetricem

kem,


ingôl

iye:utar,

in-gôl

ingôl

ingôl


angôl

ingôl

ingôl

angôl in

ingôl,

angôl.angôl’.

ingôl,

ingôl


ingôl

within the ingôl

ipaven

ipaveningôl


tsav,

Kinship and clanshipityô

ityô (her igba), ityô, ityô, the

ityô, and the ityô

ityô

ityô


ityô

ityô need not be

ipaven)

ityô)

ityô

ityô

igba,igba ter.


ityô,

ityô igba or igba ter

igba,igba ter ityô). The igba ter

igba. igba

(akombo a tamen). (wanye).’

igbaigba ter,

igbaswem, swende, biamegh

ityôigba and igba ter

the igba,

ityô and igba.

ihambe, an akombo


biamegh, a

(igba)igba ter)

Witchcraft and cults


tsav. Tsav

tsavtsav

tsavtsav

Tsavtsavmbatsav

tsav

tsavtsav tsav in

tsav

(akombo, ikombo

Aôndo,

tsav. ipaven

tsav

Akombo swem,


mbatsav

mbatsavmbatsav

akombo. Akombo

akombo are set

akombo

akombo-ikunguakombo.

mbatsavakombo

akombo shagba,

akomboakombo

the ndyer imborivungu and biameghthe po’or

akombo,

tsav .

igbaigba

ityô igbaigba


akombo,

his igba

igba,to the ityô,

wards, the igba

ityô,tsav ityô

igba

igba

Kinship terminology

ther ter, ngo,wanter

and wanngo,

is wangban.wan,

ter,


and ngo,

wanter,ityô,

wangbanwangban


Conclusion

the sub-ipaven

igba, ityô

tsav at the sub-ipaven


ingôl

Part II The transformations


akombo tsav or

tsav


the tsav


Exchange marriage systems

:


Figure 1.1.


8


The Mambila

manman


man, but

man

meminmemin

ingôlmemin

meminmemin

memin manmemin man

memin man


The

meminingôl man has a

Intermediary systems: Kona and Wiya


The tala sigogot


kinto

in genetricem in his own daughters, but he


Marriage lordship: Bamileke, Bangwa, Bamum


There are a

tangkap Tangkapin uxorem but not rights in genetricem

tangkap


tang-kap

tangkap

tangkap institution

tangkapma’ngo

ma’ngo tangkap, who tangkap are inher

ma’ngo

the mbe nkembetümbe tetse mbe

nzo


tangkap

betat

atsen’ndia denotes, in addi

tsav


between the tangkap

mfon

nzu,

nzu mfon,nzi nzi

mfon), mfonNew nzumfon,

the mfon

the mfon,


nzi to

mfon

Conclusions

sub-ipaven


tsav

reduced to


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 2

ALLIANCE AND ETHNICITYAspects of an Adamawan regional system

Alliance: mariage; parenté qui en résulte. Anneau de mariage. Ligue, coalition, confédérations entre Etats ou souverains. Fig: union, mélange de plusieurs choses. LarousseShorter Oxford English Dictionary


Si le critère de la valence differentielle des sexes est bien un parametre de la parenté, ses effets doivent apparaître dans la terminologie elle-même (…) s’il fut utilisé pour sa construction, il devient indispensable pour sa lecture’

Alliance and ethnicity | 69


Adamawa as a region


The Chamba ethnicity and identity


Figure 2.1

Mapeo

Kinship terminology


Figure 2.1.


Figures 2.2 and 2.3

Figure 2.2

(Figure 2.3


Fig

ure

2.2

.


Clanship

Figure 2.4

Figure 2.5


Figure 2.3.

Other terms for relatives by marriage:��


kun- or kon-

8

because

pob-t m-be mi-no

Mi-no-t ng- t ng


Figure 2.4. kuni kuna da-membu ba-wa

b) patriclan

a) matriclan


The

Marriage regulations in Mapeo


Figure 2.5.


Motives for marriage and marriage patterns in Mapeo


jup-yaa and jup-dagan

Jup-dagan

jup-dagan

jup-yaa


Marriage as alliance?


The Chamba, their neighbours and a central Adamawan regional system


Figure 2.6


Figure 2.6.

type of community

kinship terminology

clanship marriage rules characterization of marriage

within

outside

i) Donga

ii) Bali on


de facto

genitor pater


may

became

may


Rather than


The


To the south we

Conclusions


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 3

‘AFRICAN ETHNOGENESIS’Limits to the comparability of ethnic phenomena

Ethnicity and comparative anthropology

Human Relations Area Files


a priori.

bricoleur,

‘African ethnogenesis’ | 109

la différence,


How ethnicity just grew and grew

‘Natio


The nominal objection

Populus Romanus natio romanorum


The derogatory objection


‘les droits des ethnies’


The situational objection

Subjective and objective ethnicity


Human Relations Area Files

Orientalism,


Nationalism and the autonomization of ethnicity


Chamba ethnogenesis


jihad

m baa le ko

Jangbu


African ethnogenesis

8


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 4

THE PERSON, ETHNICITY AND THE PROBLEM OF ‘IDENTITY’ IN WEST AFRICA

Argument


The ‘traditional’ West African model: a synthesis

‘Identity’ in West Africa | 129


howthat


in uxorem and in genetricem).


ver-sus


Identity, ethnicity and the person


Oxford Etymological Dictionary of the English Language .identitatis,

the roots id and dem –


Modernity and identity


Bali-Nyonga identity: whence Chamba-ness?


jihad in

jihad


Sama or Samba.


notone another

Ba’ni Ya’ni)

Ndagan

Sama Ndagan

Ndagan

Sama

lelaNdagana voma

lela leraBa’ni Ya’ni, whereas

Ba’ni


Chamba National Almanac

Ba’ni were both northern raiders, Ba’ni

lela voma


8


lela lela


Bali-Nyonga: narrating modernity

The Bali-Chamba of Cameroon: a Political History An Introduction to the Study of Bali-Nyonga: a Tribute to His Royal Highness Galega II, Traditional Ruler of Bali-Nyonga from 1940-85


Chamba


Lela

private world

(Kukad).

Mubako, Lela

Lela Lela


Conclusion


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 5

‘CROSSED DESTINIES’

Complex resemblances


inter alia

‘Crossed destinies’ | 157

Crossed destinies

tion and their dramatis personae,


The Castle of Crossed Destinies.

The Castle of Crossed Destinies,

– Tarots: the Visconti Pack in Bergamo and New York

Major Arcana and The Fool.


Invisible CitiesThe Castle of

Crossed Destinies,

bricoleurs


laissez-faire

Invention – narration – imagination: how sameness inhabits the world


8

Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism at the


Entanglement: the contrapuntal characteristics of ethnic narratives


the


between


ethnie Ethnies

‘ethnie’,

ethnie


Logiques métisses,

said only

ethnie

no

ethnies re


ethnies


Entangled identities and crossed destinies

with respect to African languages


pulaaku

(haabe)(kirdi)

haabe

pulaaku


Faransa


All Anglophone Conference Camnet


Conclusion


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism.

Camnet.

Chapter 6

ETHNIC PERVASIONCovering ethnicity? Or, ethnicity as coverage?

or

Ethnic pervasion | 181

(Article 19

The self-evidence of ethnic terms


Taboo

tabutabu

tabu:

tabu

tabu to


A many-sided project

8

not

ethnies

Ethnies

ethnie, but ethnie


really

actuallyIn truth,


In and out of the whale

through


Article 19 and Index on Censorship .


reallyreally ’.

that how, when, why and in

what form

The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, An Age Like This 1920-1940,

Chapter 7

TIGER IN AN AFRICAN PALACE


Present problems

Itself,and partly,

Tiger in an African Palace | 197


Statements and essays,

eine Stelle

Schenkel,Verwandlung .

De architectura


rites de passage.


Figure 7.1


temporal status,understood,

Figure 7.1.


Année sociologique

seem


Tiger in an African palace


8


Figure 7.6


Figure 7.3.

Figure 7.2.


proximate

Figure 7.3

ndi ndob,

a Festschrift


Figure 7.4 Three

Figure 7.9

Figure 7.4.


Figure 7.10


Figure 7.6.

Figure 7.5.


Figure 7.2lela


Figure 7.7

Figure 7.7.


Treasures and translations


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 8

COSMOPOLITAN NATIONS, NATIONAL COSMOPOLITANS

Conviviality begins at home: a ceremony

Gangwari

HamaHama Gangwari

the fondom


Gangwari,

and

National cosmopolitans | 219

Figure 8.1.


Gangwari

Gangwari


post hoc


Pen leuka be nokin Samba,

Figure 8.2


Figure 8.2.


Encapsulation and identity – history


8


modus vivendi


Figure 8.3


Sarkin,

GangwariSarkin,


Figure 8.3.


Cosmopolitan sleights


fondom


A Streetcar Named Desire,


bouleversement


Pace

Peripheral citizenship in practice


already

Our Common Interest: Report of the Commission for Africa


Report

Report’s

Report


Report of the Commission for Africa,

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see also

akombo,(Atlas linguistique du Cameroun)

Année sociologique

Année sociologiquebouleversement

Index | 265

De architectura

Article 19

The Bali-Chamba of Cameroon: a Political History

Index | 267

see also

The Castle of Crossed DestiniesArticle 19

Gangwari

Chamba National Almanac

Tiger in an african palace, and other thoughts about identification and transformation

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Transcript of Tiger in an african palace, and other thoughts about identification and transformation