Tibet’s Fight For Survival Tibet’s Fight For Survival in the Modern Worldin the Modern World

Recent History Turmoil was the hallmark for both Tibet and China in the early Turmoil was the hallmark for both Tibet and China in the early

nineteenth century.nineteenth century.

Tibet was invaded by The British in the 1904.Tibet was invaded by The British in the 1904.

At this time, Manchu rulers in China were weak and the British invasion At this time, Manchu rulers in China were weak and the British invasion stopped the Manchurian influence over Tibet.stopped the Manchurian influence over Tibet.

In 1910, Manchurian government sent the Imperial Army to Tibet and In 1910, Manchurian government sent the Imperial Army to Tibet and occupied Lhasa. occupied Lhasa.

This control lasted for only a year when the Manchu ruler was This control lasted for only a year when the Manchu ruler was overthrown,overthrown,

After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Dalai Lama, who was formally in exile After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Dalai Lama, who was formally in exile

in India, returned to Tibet and informed the Chinese government that he in India, returned to Tibet and informed the Chinese government that he intended to exercise both temporal and ecclesiastic rule in Tibet (Smith).intended to exercise both temporal and ecclesiastic rule in Tibet (Smith).

This ambiguous statement was interpreted as a declaration of This ambiguous statement was interpreted as a declaration of

Independence by some, but the real intention of the statement was not Independence by some, but the real intention of the statement was not clear.clear.

Focus Question 3Focus Question 3Is Tibetan Nationalism a result of Is Tibetan Nationalism a result of

British Imperialism?British Imperialism? China maintainsChina maintains

upsurge of nationalism in Tibet result of upsurge of nationalism in Tibet result of British ImperialismBritish Imperialism

Manipulation of tradeManipulation of trade British presence in India allowed Tibetan British presence in India allowed Tibetan

“independence”“independence” Younghusband imposed western ideals Younghusband imposed western ideals

on Tibeton Tibet

TIBET AND BRITAINTIBET AND BRITAIN The ambiguity of the relationship between Tibet and China during this period was The ambiguity of the relationship between Tibet and China during this period was

further compounded by British Intervention. further compounded by British Intervention.

Britain wanted Tibet to be independent from China so as to create a buffer state Britain wanted Tibet to be independent from China so as to create a buffer state between British India and China. between British India and China.

However, the British did not clearly express this intention because it did not want However, the British did not clearly express this intention because it did not want to hurt its trade relationship with China and Hong Kong (Smith).to hurt its trade relationship with China and Hong Kong (Smith).

Britain stood in between Tibet and China, assuring each side of British support Britain stood in between Tibet and China, assuring each side of British support

and making the relationship between China and Tibet even mistier.and making the relationship between China and Tibet even mistier.

Source Study Examine the sourcesExamine the sources

Convention between Great Britain, China Convention between Great Britain, China and Tibet: Simla 1914and Tibet: Simla 1914

Convention between Great Britain and Convention between Great Britain and Thibet 1904Thibet 1904

An Illusion called ‘greater Tibet area’An Illusion called ‘greater Tibet area’

MIND MAP SUMMARYCreate a summary of the main points in your sourcesCreate a summary of the main points in your sources

TERRITORYBORDERS

Tibet forms part of Chinese territory

STATUSBritain has the highest status, China 2, Tibet 3

OTHER Chin is not a signatory, and so this is most likely a British perspective

TERMSTibet not to be a province of chinaNot to send troops to outer tibet

not enter into negotiations or agreements“foreign power” does not include chinaBritish trade should have equal footing

Monasteries retain full control in matter affecting religion

SIGNATORIES Lonchen Shatra,

British

1914 CONVENTION

MIND MAP SUMMARYCreate a summary of the main points in your sourcesCreate a summary of the main points in your sources

TERRITORYBORDERS

STATUS OTHER

TERMS

SIGNATORIES

1904CONVENTION

MIND MAP SUMMARYCreate a summary of the main points in your sourcesCreate a summary of the main points in your sources

LANGUAGE

OTHER

CLAIMS

VIEWPOINT

AN ILLUSIONCALLED

‘GREATER TIBET AREA’

KNOWLEDGE QUIZ Write down the answers to the following questionsWrite down the answers to the following questions

What is the definition of a nation?What is the definition of a nation? What is the definition of hegemony?What is the definition of hegemony? What is the definition of imperialism?What is the definition of imperialism? What is the main argument that China uses for its claim to What is the main argument that China uses for its claim to

Tibet?Tibet? When did the Chinese sign a treaty with Tibet that When did the Chinese sign a treaty with Tibet that

guaranteed its borders?guaranteed its borders? Which dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China?Which dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China? Which country played a leading role in Chinese-Tibetan Which country played a leading role in Chinese-Tibetan

politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? What is the capital of Tibet?What is the capital of Tibet? Who is the leader of Tibet?Who is the leader of Tibet? What do the initials TAR stand for?What do the initials TAR stand for?

Quiz Answers What is the definition of a nation? People or race organised as a stateWhat is the definition of a nation? People or race organised as a state

What is the definition of hegemony? Leadership, political dominationWhat is the definition of hegemony? Leadership, political domination

What is the definition of imperialism? Extension of empire, colonial empireWhat is the definition of imperialism? Extension of empire, colonial empire

What is the main argument that China uses for its claim to Tibet? That it has What is the main argument that China uses for its claim to Tibet? That it has traditionally always been part of China; China is a land of diverse peoplestraditionally always been part of China; China is a land of diverse peoples

When did the Chinese sign a treaty with Tibet that guaranteed its borders? 822When did the Chinese sign a treaty with Tibet that guaranteed its borders? 822

Which dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China? Ming or HanWhich dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China? Ming or Han

Which country played a leading role in Chinese-Tibetan politics in the late 19th Which country played a leading role in Chinese-Tibetan politics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? Britainand early 20th centuries? Britain

What is the capital of Tibet? LhasaWhat is the capital of Tibet? Lhasa

Who is the leader of Tibet? 14th Dalai LamaWho is the leader of Tibet? 14th Dalai Lama

What do the initials TAR stand for? Tibet Autonomous RegionWhat do the initials TAR stand for? Tibet Autonomous Region