Thumbnail Sketch of Heliophysics...•Heliophysics is the study of the domain of the Sun: the...
Transcript of Thumbnail Sketch of Heliophysics...•Heliophysics is the study of the domain of the Sun: the...
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Thumbnail Sketch of Heliophysics
Doug Rabin Deputy Director
GSFC Heliophysics Science Division
September 7, 2011 1 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop
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What is Heliophysics?
• Heliophysics is the study of the domain of the Sun: the Heliosphere – from the Sun’s core where nuclear reactions produce
the energy that drives changes throughout the entire solar system
– to the edge of interplanetary space where the solar wind and magnetic fields cede control of the local physical conditions to the interstellar medium.
• Heliophysics is one of the four disciplines that form the backbone of NASA's Strategic Plan for Earth and Space Science.
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 2
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Journey through the Heliosphere
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 3
The dynamic Sun drives …
… flares, coronal mass ejections, and the solar wind.
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Journey through the Heliosphere
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 4
Heliospheric disturbances impact the
Magnetosphere … … and the Earth’s Outer Atmosphere.
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Journey through the Heliosphere
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 5
The Sun finally gives way to the interstellar medium.
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What do we measure?
• In short, everything:
– Radiation (radio waves to gamma rays)
– Particles (mass, energy, charge, phase-space distribution)
– Temperature, density, elemental composition
– Waves of all kinds
– Turbulence
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 6
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How do we measure?
• We use both remote sensing and in situ measurements.
– Telescopes (conventional and exotic)
– Spectrographs
– Charged particle detectors/spectrometers
– Neutral atom detectors
– Electromagnetic probes
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 7
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What platforms do we use?
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 8
Satellites, from CubeSats to $B missions
Heliophysics Great Observatory Missions in Development
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What platforms do we use?
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 9
GRIPS Gondola with 8-meter boom
Extreme Ultraviolet Normal Incidence Spectrograph (EUNIS) Length 3.0 m Mass 165 kg
Black Brant IX carrying EUNIS (300 km apogee)
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What do we need from a suborbital platform?
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 10
• Some of our instruments are small and light. ─ < 1 kg, < 10x10x10 cm3 (CubeSat size)
─ All are designed for autonomous operation.
• Almost all require access to space. – Instruments externally mounted or through-hull
– Some require deployment (antenna, boom).
• Many photon-sensing experiments can only be done from > 100 km (atmosphere blocks).
• Some experiments need spinning; others need 3-axis attitude control.
• Some measurements need access to high latitudes.
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Fingers into Space
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 11
Tip-to-tip length of four deployed booms is 5.3 m.
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From the Atmosphere to Space
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 12
Ionospheric layers
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Sprites, Jets, Elves, Trolls, TGFs …
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 13
Thunderstorms can spawn remarkably high-energy effects, including relativistic electrons, positrons, and gamma rays.
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Some science from <100 km (courtesy of D. Rowland)
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 14
• Mesospheric physics
─ Dust, gravity-wave braking, D-region chemistry and ionization / loss processes, noctilucent cloud properties and related radar echo
• Lightning physics
– Formation of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) sprites and Transient Luminous Events (TLEs)
• Neutral winds (chemical release)
– Dynamics of themospheric winds; dispersal patterns
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Let the conversation begin …
September 7, 2011 Commercial Suborbital Capabilities Workshop 15