HELIOPHYSICSTHE STUDY OF THE SUN TUSHAR SWAMI 13/0194

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our teacher Ms. Ekta Bajaj and Dr. Swami Nandan who gave us the golden opportunity to present this wonderful presentation on the topic (HELIOPHYSICS), which also helped us in doing a lot of Research and we came to know about so many new things. We are really thankful to both of them.

SUN’S ORIGIN According to Bible, Sun made on the 4th day of the “CREATION WEEK”. The earth was born on day 1 of the creation week and it was not the sun who lighted the earth.

But that’s just a contradicts Sun’s Origin. The real reason – “BIG BANG”.

CREATION WEEK The week in which Bible literalist believe that God created all that exist today.

Sources : http://creation.com/the-sun-our-special-star

BIG BANG THEORY In 1929, Hubble noticed that distant star and galaxies are moving away from our

own galaxy at a enormous speed.

universe started expanding at unimaginable speed and

the expansion continuous till today.

A gas cloud was collapsed due to gravity and density of

the cloud was increased.

the cloud was condensed to form disc shaped structure

and when the temperature and pressure was increased

it was the SUN which was born.

Sources : http://creation.com/the-sun-our-special-star

HOW IS SUN SPECIAL Research shows - Sun lies in top 10% stars in its neighborhood by mass. Sun - only star that can support life on earth

- the brightest of all.

- the biggest of all. Reason - ideal position in Milky Way.

- circular orbit.

- ideal distance from the centre.

Sources : http://creation.com/the-sun-our-special-star

HOW DOES SUN SHINES? In 1939, Hans Bethe said

Sun and other stars are powered by nuclear fusion.

But being a potential source of energy,

2/3 energy comes from gravitational collapse by the conersion of gravitational potential energy into heat and light.

In Nuclear Fusion, extremely fast moving Hydrogen Nuclei join to for Helium atom.

Sources : http://creation.com/the-sun-our-special-star

WHY IS SUN GETTING HOTTER? In fusion process… mass is lost and is converted into a large amount of energy, given by

requires 4 nuclei to form Helium atom.

produces an extremely low mass particle called neutrinus.

The large nucleus have more mass hence, density increases.

Therefore, Sun contracts and gets further heated

when hydrogen is burnt (increase in temp. and pressure).

E = mc2

Sources : http://creation.com/our-steady-sun-a-problem-for-billions-of-years

LAYERS OF SUN

LIFE CYCLE OF SUN Sun’s Age = 4.6 billion years

Sources : http://creation.com/sun-age

RED GIANT Young Sun – Fast and unpredictable. Middle-aged Sun – settled to a quite regular routine.

After 5 billion years, the hydrogen present in core will finish. Leading to expansion of outer layers, converting Sun into a Red Giant.

Sources : http://creation.com/sun-age

SPACE WEATHER A branch of space physics. Mainly concerned with time varying conditions within solar system. Interest in the ability to predict space weather, and its effects on Earth, really began during World War II.

Sources : http://discoverysciencenews.com

LAYERS OF SUN

NANOFLARESA nanoflare is a very small solar flare which happens in the corona, the external atmosphere of the Sun.

Each nanoflare explodes with 240 megatons of TNT.

Scientists trying to figure out their exact impacts on Earth and its atmosphere.

Sources : http://discoverysciencenews.com