Name: ____________________________ Date: ______ Band:_______U2 L 10: Scientific Revolution Aim: How did the Scientific Revolution change how people understood their world?DO NOW: Finding the Truth - How do you know what you know? The word science comes from the latin root scientia, meaning knowledge. But where does the knowledge that makes up science come from? How do you ever really know that something is true? Directions: Explain how you know that things about the natural world are true. (See example)Something I know How I know it’s trueExample: I’m allergic to peanuts I know this because once I ate peanut butter and I

had an allergic reactionFire is hot

Sunscreen prevents sunburns

What caused the Scientific Revolution? Similar ideas that sparked the Renaissance would spark the Scientific Revolution. Ideas were

spread and people started focusing more on the real world. Ideas were passed between Golden Ages, each time advancing Discoveries from all over the world spread quickly because of trade and the printing press

Changing Views on AstronomyPtolemy’s Almagest(150) EgyptPtolemy was an Egyptian astronomer of Greek descent. He published a book about the relationships between the earth, sun, planets, and stars. He believed in a geocentric theory – that Earth was in the center and the sun and planets moved around it. It was the leading theory for fifteen hundred years.

Nicholaus Copernicus Copernicus proposed a heliocentric, sun centered model of the solar system. Copernicus’ theory suggested that Ptolemy was wrong. He based his theory on his studies of the movement of

earth, the planets, the moon, and the sun.

How and why did theories about the solar system change over time?

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___________________________________________________________________________________Scientist Grade How did their work change how people

understood their world?CopernicusBefore 1500, people looked to religion or the writings of ancient people to find out the truth about the world. If the Roman Catholic Church said that the Earth was the center of the universe, then people generally believed it and didn’t challenge these beliefs. Beginning in the 1500s, a few scholars were influenced by Copernicus and began publishing works that challenged the ideas of ancient thinkers and the church. This period was called the Scientific Revolution and it was a new way of thinking about the natural world. This new way was based on careful observation and questioning accepted beliefs.

Copernicus changed the way people understood their

world because _________________________

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GalileoWith his telescope, Galileo was able to confirm Copernicus’s theory. He was also able to see the moons of Jupiter, Saturn’s rings, and the Milky Way. It was believed for centuries that the moon and stars were made of a perfect, pure substance. Galileo was able to see that the moon in fact had an uneven, mountainous, and rocky surface.

The Church warned Galileo not to defend the theories of Copernicus, but he continued his

If you were Galileo, what would you do?If I was Galileo I would… (circle one)

1. Take back everything I said. Admit the Church is the supreme law of the land and whatever they say is correct. Discontinue your research of the universe.

2. Stick to my beliefs no matter what the Church says. Even if it means dying a horrible, painful death with my family disgraced.

3. Take back everything I said but secretly continue to do my research of the universe.

Explain:

Name: ____________________________ Date: ______ Band:_______U2 L 10: Scientific Revolution Aim: How did the Scientific Revolution change how people understood their world?studies. After publishing his work “Dialogue Concerning the Two World Systems”, the Pope angrily summoned Galileo to Rome for an Inquisition (a trial). Galileo was charged with questioning the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. He was found guilty of heresy.

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____________________________________Sir Francis BaconSir Francis Bacon agreed with medieval thinkers that humans made errors in what their five senses perceived, he also realized that people's sensory experiences provided the best means of making sense of the world.

Because humans could incorrectly interpret anything they saw, heard, smelled, tasted, or felt, Bacon insisted that they must doubt everything before assuming its truth.

In order to test potential truths, or hypotheses, Bacon devised a method whereby scientists set up experiments to manipulate nature, and attempt to prove their hypotheses wrong.

Knowing that many different causes for sickness might be missed by humans who are unable or unwilling to perceive them, Bacon insisted that experiments must be consistently repeated before truth can be known: a scientist must show that patients exposed to a specific variable more frequently got sick again, and again, and again.

How was Francis Bacon’s method of determining truth an advancement (good change) from Medieval times?

Bacon changed how people determine truth by (detail)

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This was a positive change because

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Isaac NewtonBy age 24, Newton had formed a brilliant theory to explain why the planets moved at they did – in the next 20 years, he perfected his theory. Using mathematics, he showed that a single force keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun. He called this force gravity. In 1687, Newton published a book explaining the law of gravity and other workings of the universe. Nature, argued Newton, follows uniform laws. All motion in the universe can be measured and described mathematically.

Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on:1. the experiences of past civilizations2. experimentation and observation3. emotions and feelings4. the teachings of the catholic church

Explain:

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Choose a leader from the Scientific Revolution and explain why he was REVOLUTIONARY. Use the following criteria:

Give context for the scientific revolution Explain the contribution left by this scientist Evaluate the extent to which this contribution was REVOLUTIONARY and explain why (explain the

impact this contribution had on society and the way people thought)

The scientific revolution was ______________________________________________________________

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One leader who was a revolutionary was _______________________________________________________

Name: ____________________________ Date: ______ Band:_______U2 L 10: Scientific Revolution Aim: How did the Scientific Revolution change how people understood their world?One contribution he made was _____________________________________________________________

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This shows he was a revolutionary because _____________________________________________________

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This impacted the way that people thought because _______________________________________________

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Overall, the scientific revolution had a positive/negative impact on society because ________________________

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Name: ____________________________ Date: ______ Band:_______U2 L 10: Scientific Revolution Aim: How did the Scientific Revolution change how people understood their world?

Looking at the World Through Medieval EyesFor instance, modern science tells us that some types of disease spread through tiny organisms. Medieval people believed instead that sickness arose from an imbalance of the body’s four humors. How do we know with certainty that modern science is correct? Microscopes enable us to see the germs that cause sickness, but when we look through microscopic lenses to examine microbes, how do we know our understanding of what they are and what they are doing is true? Of course, medieval philosophers did not have microscopic lenses—but if they did, they very likely would have disagreed with our modern understanding of disease. Believing in the inaccuracy of the human senses, and moreover of the human mind's inability to correctly judge anything, medieval knowledge instead privileged ancient texts as the best way of making sense of the world.

During Medieval times before the Scientific Revolution, how did people determine whether something was true?

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_________________________________________How was this method of determining truth flawed?

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Francis Bacon and Testing Our TruthSir Francis Bacon agreed with medieval thinkers that humans made errors in what their five senses perceived, he also realized that people's sensory experiences provided the best means of making sense of the world.

Because humans could incorrectly interpret anything they saw, heard, smelled, tasted, or felt, Bacon insisted that they must doubt everything before assuming its truth.

In order to test potential truths, or hypotheses, Bacon devised a method whereby scientists set up experiments to manipulate nature, and attempt to prove their hypotheses wrong.

Knowing that many different causes for sickness might be missed by humans who are unable or unwilling to perceive them, Bacon insisted that experiments must be consistently repeated before truth can be known: a scientist must show that patients exposed to a specific variable more frequently got sick again, and again, and again.

How was Francis Bacon’s method of determining truth an advancement (good change) from Medieval times?

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Why did Francis Bacon believe that experiments must be repeated?

Changing Views on AnatomyGalen “Muscle Man”(131-201) RomeGalen was a Greek physician who learned about anatomy through dissection of apes and pigs, clinical observation, and examinations of patients and symptoms. He was forbidden to dissect human corpses so his knowledge was limited to what he could learn from animals and outward examinations.

“Mansur’s Anatomy”1384 PersiaIslamic doctors studied Greek and Roman texts like those written by Hippocrates and Galen. They improved upon those texts based on their own observations. Mansur’s Anatomy included chapters on bones, nerves, muscles, veins, and arteries.

Andreas Vesalius “De Humani Corporis”1514-1564 Western EuropeHe was a Renaissance physician who went to medidcal school where it was required for students to study the medical advances made by Arab doctors like Mansur. In addition, he did his own dissections of human corpses, something Galen was not able to do. Through dissections, he created more

accurate and detailed depictions of the human body than had ever been written.

What limited Galen’s understanding of the human body?

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Name: ____________________________ Date: ______ Band:_______U2 L 10: Scientific Revolution Aim: How did the Scientific Revolution change how people understood their world?___________________________________________________________________________________Over the years, how did different scientists build off of each other’s knowledge?

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Brainstorm: How was the Scientific Revolution a “Turning Point”?

-Religious

-Economic

-Political

-Social

Theme – Change:Not all revolutions are political. Nonpolitical revolutions have brought important intellectual, economic, and/or social changes to societies.

Task:Identify two non-political revolutions that brought important intellectual, economic, and/or social changes and for each

Describe one change brought about by this non-political revolution

Discuss an impact this nonpolitical revolution had on a specific society or societies

Gather EvidenceDescribe Change from Scientific Revolution Explain impact this had on a specific society

(Political, Social, Economic, Cultural)

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This had a positive/negative ___________ impact because

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This had a positive/negative ___________ impact because

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Name: ____________________________ Date: ______ Band:_______U2 L 10: Scientific Revolution Aim: How did the Scientific Revolution change how people understood their world?Brainstorm: How was the Scientific Revolution a “Turning Point”?

-Religious

-Economic

-Political

-Social

Theme – Change:Not all revolutions are political. Nonpolitical revolutions have brought important intellectual, economic, and/or social changes to societies.

Task:Identify two non-political revolutions that brought important intellectual, economic, and/or social changes and for each

Describe one change brought about by this non-political revolution

Discuss an impact this nonpolitical revolution had on a specific society or societies

Gather EvidenceDescribe Change from Scientific Revolution Explain impact this had on a specific society

(Political, Social, Economic, Cultural)

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This had a positive/negative ___________ impact because

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This had a positive/negative ___________ impact because

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