This research is supported by the CRC for Rail Innovation under R1.133 Station Access project.
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Transcript of This research is supported by the CRC for Rail Innovation under R1.133 Station Access project.
This research is supported by the CRC for Rail Innovation under R1.133 Station Access project
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Station Access: Bridging the door-to-door divide• Station Access: The Big Picture• Station Access in Australia• Review of Station Access Planning• Important Access Planning Elements• Proposed Evaluation Framework• Case Studies• Conclusions
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Station Access: The Big PictureStation access “the portion of an individual’s trip that occurs between an origin or destination point and the transit system”
Rail as part of a door-to-door journey
Bridges the gap between origin (destination) and rail transit service to be more analogous to car door-to-door service.
(Source: ATOC 2010, p.1)
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7th
Relative importance of rail journey dimensions
(Source: Brons, Givoni Rietveld 2009, p.140)
• Station accessibility ranks 7th in terms of importance in rail journey dimensions• Infrequent users ranked accessibility 3rd after travel time
reliability and level of comfort
Station Access: The Big Picture
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Station Access in Australia
For Sydney in 2006, 25% of all dwellings in were within 800 metres of a train station48% prefer to walk to the station (average distance of 700 m). 84% walk home.
“Data on overall access data characteristics reveal overall network characteristics but reveal little about specific station characteristics, however it’s a good starting point”.
(Sou
rce:
TPD
C-N
SW 2
006)
Bus16%
Kiss-and-Ride19%
Park-and-Ride16%
Walking
48%
Other1%
To: From: Bus12%
Car2%
Other2%
Walk-ing 84%
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Station Access in AustraliaUnderstanding how passenger access a station sheds some light on the adequacy of access facilities around a station. Analysis of access mode share reveals a great deal about the characteristics of the rail network and/or station.
City Centre Station (Town Hall, NSW) City Centre Station
(Roma St, Qld)
Kiss & Ride 3%
Other-Train 48%
Bus 8%
Walk/Cycle 41%
Other-Train 22%
Kiss & Ride 3%
Bus 37%
Walk/Cycle 37%
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Station Access in Australia
Park & Ride Stations End-of-line Stations
67%23%
2%8%
Coomera Station, QLD
Park & RideKiss & RideWalk/CycleBus
38%
19%4%
40%
Cockburn Central Station, WA
Park & RideKiss & RideWalk/CycleBusOther
34%
29%
29%
8%
Ferny Grove Station, QLD
Park & Ride
Kiss & Ride
Walk/Cycle
Bus
41%
16%7%
36%
Mandurah Station, WA
Park & RideKiss & RideWalk/CycleBus
8
0 7.517.5
27.537.5
47.50
20
40
60
80
100
Walk/Bike
Bus
Car
Distance from CBD, km
Mod
e sh
are,
% • Access mode by station along the NSW rail network• Walking access important for inner locations • Car access more important for outer locationsDevelopment density (distance from CBD) affects the type access mode to stations and corroborated by mode shares versus distance from CBD in Sydney.
(Source: Kittelson and Associates et al. 2012, p.34)
(Source: Xu, Milthorpe & Tsang 2011, p.12)
Sydney: WalkingBusCar KnRCar PnR
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Station Access in AustraliaNSW RailCorp Description TransLink (Qld) Description PTA WA
Architectural Description
City (Town Hall)
Rail interchange, pedestrian, bus, cycle, & taxi but limited car access.
Principal Hub (Roma St)
Active transport supported by feeder bus.
Grand Central(Perth)
Pedestrian/cycle, car access, taxi, bus (linked or on-street)
Major (Chatswood)
Possible rail interchange, pedestrian, bus, cycle, & taxi with limited car access.
Activity Hub (Auchenflower)
Active transport supported by feeder bus, KnR, PnR.
Inner Suburban (Buranda)
Active transport supported by bus feeder.
Suburban (Kogarah)
Possible rail interchange. Pedestrian, bus, cycle, taxi, & car access provided.
Suburban (Zillmere)Active transport & bus feeder supported by KnR, PnR
Suburban (manned)(Victoria Park)
Pedestrian/cycle, car access, taxi, bus on-street
Community (Homebush)
Pedestrian, cycle, & car access but limited bus & taxi access.
Outer (Birkdale) Bus feeder, KnR, PnR, some active transport.
Park & Ride(Claremont)
Pedestrian/cycle, car access, taxi, bus on-street
Outer Urban No interchange with other forms of PT.
Suburban (unmanned)(Queens Park)
Pedestrian/cycle, car access, taxi, bus on-street
End-of-line (Ferny Grove)
Interchange bus & rail supported by active transport, KnR, PnR.
Bus-Rail Interchange/Terminus (Murdoch)
Pedestrian/cycle, car access, taxi, bus (linked or on-street)
Special Events(Showgrounds)
Pedestrian/cycle, taxi, bus on street
Select Australian station categorisation and corresponding access modes
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Station Access in Australia
Access mode hierarchy across station categories (WA)
Access Hierarchy
Grand Central
Bus-Rail Interchange
Park-n-Ride Stations
Suburban Station (manned)
Suburban Station (unmanned)
Special Events
1 Under review Bus users Walk/cycle
users – – –
2 – Walk/cycle users
KnR & disabled – – –
3 – KnR & disabled Long term PnR – – –
4 – Long term PnR
Long term Pay & Display – – –
5 – Long term Pay & Display – – – –
(Source: PTA WA 2011, p.65)
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Station Access in AustraliaSingle overall access hierarchy for all station types
Access Rank
NSW (TfNSW) Qld (TransLink) Victoria (VRIOGS)
1 Pedestrian/bicycle Walk Pedestrian2 Train Cycle Informal bike storage3 Tram Feeder public
transportBike cages
4 Bus/Ferry Kiss-and-ride Disabled car parking5 Kiss-and-ride Park-and-ride Taxi ranks6 Park-and-ride Kiss-and-ride7 Emergency service
vehicles8 Service vehicles9 Bus
10 Tram11 Private car parking
(Source: Transport NSW 2011; TransLink 2012; State of Victoria 2011)
12Review of Station Access Planning
ElementTCRP Report 153 (US)(2012)
Network Rail (UK) (2011)
NSW Transport Interchange (2011-Draft)
Translink PT Infrastructure (2012)
Victoria Station Design Standard (2011)
PTA-WA Design Guide (2011)
Access mode hierarchy
Priority depends on location, history, setting, land use & density
Walk, cycle, taxi or bus; user priorities by passenger type
Pedestrian/bicycle, train, tram, bus/ferry, KnR and PnR
Walk, cycle, bus, KnR and PnR; detailed guide on eliminating mode conflicts
Pedestrian, cycle, disabled parking, taxi, KnR, emergency & service vehicles, bus, tram, car parking
By station category (under review)
Station categories
12 categories across 8 factors
6 categories 5 interchange category & 5 station types
3 station types & 3 hierarchy of station facilities
4 metro station categories & 5 regional
6 station categories
Station category & access mode
mode share defined
access mode given
Stakeholders’ collaboration
Collaboration Collaboration Stakeholders Collaboration Not defined Collaboration
Station access components lists
List for interchange type
Generic Lists station amenities
Guiding principles
Detailed Guidance Detailed Very detailed Detailed Less-detailed
Access demand methodology
Planning tool
Refers to another guide
Mode demand guidance
Comparison of station planning guides
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Important Access Planning Elements
• Access Hierarchy• Station Access-Related Zones of Influence• Access Facilities’ Location• Station Categories with Access Modes• Station Formation and Access Modes• Station Access Principles by Mode
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Pr o p os ed
Ev al ua ti o n Fr a m e w or k
Framework based on a ‘traffic light’ rating system (UK Network Rail).Access principles rated green, amber or red depending how principles are met. Green light – all the criteria adequately addressed. Amber light – some (not all) criteria have been taken into consideration. Red light –only a few (if any) criteria met. Principles with red or amber require further improvements to meet requirements.
Rating Comments ActionsAccess Mode PrincipleWalking to the stationCycling to the stationBus feeder accessKiss-and-ride accessPark-and-ride access(Adapted from Network Rail 2011)
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Case Study station profiles
Station Category City Centre Regional PnR End-of-line
Station Name Town Hall, NSW Coomera, QLD Mandurah, WA
Access Facilities Availability
Bike Rack or Lockers No Yes Yes
Bus Stop Yes Yes Yes
Kiss-and-Ride Yes Yes Yes
Park-and-Ride No Yes Yes
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17Access Modes Principles Evaluation ResultsTown Hall • No PnR access • Walking access direct (several
entrances), sufficient signage and adequate pathway widths
• Bus feeder access convenient .
Mandurah • Ticks almost all the green boxes • Issue on locating parking on
isolated area.
Coomera • All access modes catered• Walking and cycling access not as
direct • Bus, KnR, and PnR principles listed
adhered (issue with locating the northern parking area).
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Conclusions: Station Access• Key component of overall passenger rail journey – bridges gap
between origin/destination & stations
• Reviewed local and international planning guides & analysed Australian stations
• Elements identified for planning: • access mode hierarchy• facilities’ location• access mode by category• detailed access mode principles.
• Access principles rated green, amber or red
• Brisbane, Perth & Sydney case studies illustrate approach.