This Little Piggy Went to Market

Brian J. Payne, DVM

Carthage Veterinary Service, Ltd.

This Pig

Raising the Pig• Medicine• Production• Nutrition• Construction/Engineering• Environmental Management• Employee Management• Finances and Marketing• Public Relations• Communication

The Market…The Global Market

Industry Trends

• Globalization• Consolidation• Specialization• Efficiency• Technology• Information/Evidence-Based

Medicine and Production

Global Industry

• The U.S. Swine Herd and its producers rely on the export market for a large amount of their sales

• Therefore, foreign countries that buy our pork are our customers

• As the saying goes, “The customers are always right”

Global Market

• Japanese Market: > $1billion in exports

• A single animal violation in antibiotic in the meat may lead to a severing of this relationship for a period of time

• This would lead to drastic decrease in price of pork received by U.S. producers

• Japanese MRL’s require longer withdrawal periods than U.S. Withdrawal Periods

U.S. vs Japanese Withdrawal Periods

See the Resources Section of the CD for other Withdrawal Periods

U.S. Export Market

U.S. Pork Export, Globally

USMEF, 2007

Country Metric Tons Exported to in 2006

Mexico >356,000

Japan >337,000

Canada >138,000

S. Korea >109,000

China >88,000

Taiwan >25,000

Russia # is not available.It falls 6th before Taiwan

Consolidation

NASS, USDA, 2007

Consolidation

Efficiency

Efficiency: an effect of Consolidation (example)

U.S. Distribution of Hogs

NASS, USDA, 2007

Technology

Information and Evidence-Based Medicine and Production• Data Collection, Compilation and

Monitoring

• Basic and Applied, Lab Bench and Field

• Applied Diagnostics

Case Study # 1

Case Study #1

Group ID ----Start date August 21, 2007Starting inventory 3334 overstockSingle stock 2437 remainedPigs remaining 2364Dead 73Percent mortality 3.0%

Thirty-nine (1.6%) pigs have died last week.34 (1.4%), previously

December 5th, 2007 Visit

Site Layout

North South

Overstocked Single Stock

Vaccine Schedule

Vaccine Timing

Fort Dodge Suvaxyn® MH1 (2 cc) 24 hours after arrival

Intervet PCV2 vaccine ½ dose (1 ml) 3 days post arrival

Intervet PCV2 vaccine ½ dose (1 ml) 21 days post-1st dose

Fort Dodge Suvaxyn® E oral 9 weeks post arrival

Before Entering the BarnsWATER CONSUMPTION

Clinical Signs

• There is an increase in acute mortality ranging around two to three weeks in duration.

• There are fallout pigs that will become sub-standard pigs at market.

• Two pigs that were seen today had skin lesions indicative of the PDNS form of circovirus.

• There is diarrhea that is commonly associated with circovirus.

• There are swollen legs that are commonly seen with circovirus infection.

• There is a respiratory component to this disease as well.

Diarrhea

Swollen Joints and Legs

Pigs losing weight

Skin Lesions

Clinical Signs

• There is an increase in acute mortality ranging around two to three weeks in duration.

• There are fallout pigs that will become sub-standard pigs at market.

• Two pigs that were seen today had skin lesions indicative of the PDNS form of circovirus.

• There is diarrhea that is commonly associated with circovirus.

• There are swollen legs that are commonly seen with circovirus infection.

• There is a respiratory component to this disease as well.

Diagnostics

• Histopathology: Skin - multifocally the superficial epidermal layers are ulcerated and also replaced by necrotic debris, neutrophils and fibrin. There is moderate to marked perivascular inflammation of the vessels in the superficial dermis. Spleen - multifocally, vessels are undergoing fibrinoid vascular necrosis. Kidney - multifocally, glomeruli are undergoing fibrinoid vascular necrosis. There is protein in the urinary spaces. There is interstitial nephritis with lymphocytes. Lymph node - germinal centers are replaced by granulomatous inflammation and multinucleated giant cells. Lung, jejunum, heart and liver - there are no visible lesions.

Diagnostics, cont.

• Bacteriology: There is no significant growth from the intestine, lung or lymph node. There is no growth from the kidney, liver or skin. There are no Salmonella sp. isolated.

• Molecular Diagnostics: PCR tests for PRRS virus and type 2 circovirus are positive.

Diagnostic Summary

• Skin, perivasculitis and epidermal necrosis, consistent with PDNS.

• Kidney, necrotizing glomerulitis and interstitial nephritis, consistent with PDNS.

• Histiocytic and granulomatous lymphadenitis, type 2 circovirus.

• PRRS virus infection. • Comments: Lesions in the tissues are consistent with

PDNS and PCVAD

Is Vaccine Protective?

• PCV2 vaccine is overall very protective

• So why did it not work?

Actual Vaccination Record

Improper Vaccination

Vaccine Timing Date of Actual Vaccination

Fort Dodge Suvaxyn® MH1 (2 cc)

24 hours after arrival

8/22/07 (Group 1)8/28/07 (Group 2)9/5/07 (Group 3)

Intervet PCV2 vaccine ½ dose (1 ml)

3 days post arrival

8/28/07 (Group 1)9/5/07 (Group 2)9/13/07 (Group 3)

Intervet PCV2 vaccine ½ dose (1 ml)

3 weeks post-1st dose

9/5/07 (Group1)9/13/07 (Group 2)9/18/07 (Group 3)

Fort Dodge Suvaxyn® E oral

9 weeks post arrival

Expected = 10.23.07

On Time 6 days late 15 days late 4 days late and 8 days apart12 days late and 8 days apart20 days late and 5 days apart

Case Study # 2

Case Study #2

• 80-120# pigs

• Lame, stiff, vocalization when arising

• More and more but responsive to Penicillin

• What are your differentials?

Movies

• Movie Clip #1

• Movie Clip #2

Jump into the pens and find these 3 pigs

Diagnosis

• Erysipelas

• Zoonotic– St. Anthony’s Fire– Skin rash and fever– Remember, you may be questioned by small

animal doctors and Pot-Bellied Pigs– Wean, 30 d and annual

Case Study # 3

Case Study # 3

• Walk Through – Movie Clip #1– Movie Clip #2– Movie Clip #3– Movie Clip #4

• What Diagnostic Tests do you perform?– Ear Scrape

Case Study # 3

AASV Picture Gallery

Case Study # 3

• Treatment:– Sow herd was infected– Ivermectin injectable: entire herd– Permethrin spray the piglets for 30 days

Feel Free To Contact Me

Brian J. Payne, DVM

Carthage Veterinary Service, Ltd.

Mobile: 309-337-8648

E-mail: payne@hogvet.com

Website: www.hogvet.com/cvs