This is a lot of history to cover in a class period, but Mrs. Sunda will try

her best to get through it and educate you all about why the world

is the way it is today!

Recent History & Modern Issues/Ideas

This is how it is going to work today!

• Every time you see a on the slide, you must write down at least one fact from that

slide! Pretty easy!

• September 11, 2001• Bush: the U.S. would go after

any nation that supported terrorists

• Preemption- get terrorist first• Unilateral action- didn’t need support• Extending the “rewards of liberty”

The Bush Doctrine

Preemption/Unilateral

Action

Afghan History• Afghanistan's location along the Silk/Spice Road

has allowed the country to serve as an important link between east and west throughout history

• Great Britain & Russia fought over Afghanistan as far back as the 18th & 19th centuries

• Soviet Union invaded in 1979 and installed a Communist government

• From 1979-1989, Afghanistan became a battleground of the Cold War between the US-USSR (with the U.S. supporting Afghans who resisted the Soviets)

Afghan History

• Soviet Union withdrew in 1989, but civil war erupted among factions of guerilla fighters

• Civil war continued until 1996, when hard-line group known as the Taliban seized power

• Taliban seized power and imposed a strict interpretation of Islam

The link between September 11th and Afghanistan

• Afghans did NOT carry out the terrorist attacks on the U.S.

• Al-Qaeda, a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places, did

• Many Afghans expressed their sympathy with the people of the U.S. after Sept. 11

• After September 11, the U.S. invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

• U.S. & U.K. invade on Oct. 7, 2001• May 1, 2011- bin Laden was killed by U.S. Forces in Pakistan

– Covert intelligence• U.S. and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan.• U.S. troop withdraw:

– 10,000 troops – 2011– 23,000 troops– 2012– Complete withdrawal by 2014– Possibly 9 U.S. bases will be installed

Why Iraq?

Persian Gulf War – Operation Desert Storm

• August 1990-February 1991• 34 coalition forces led by U.S. to against Iraq’s

invasion and annexation of Kuwait. • Air & ground attacks • Results: Able to push Saddam back into Iraq and out

of Kuwait! • Coalition forces lose around 700 people • No need for an invasion of Iraq

• *2001-2003- Following the 9/11 attacks, U.S. suspicion of Iraq increases. • *2002- Bush administration agrees that Iraq has weapons of mass

destruction, despite United Nations inspections which found no sign of weapons of mass destruction.

• *2002-2003-World powers push for further investigation. • *March 20, 2003- American and British troops invade Iraq.• *December 2003- Saddam Hussein is captured and no weapons of mass

destruction are discovered. • *2004- 9/11 Commission concluded that there was no “collaborative

relationship” between Iraq and al-Qaeda (terrorist group responsible for 9/11 attacks).

• *2004-2011- The U.S. forces train the Iraqi Army• *January 30, 2005-Iraq holds its first free elections in 50 years• *April 7, 2005- Jalal Talabani becomes President of Iraq. • *February 2009 - President Obama announced that all remaining U.S.

troops and trainers will leave Iraq by the end of the 2011. • *December 31, 2011- All U.S. troops withdraw from Iraq.

PREEMPTION

Africa

Rwandan Genocide

• The Rwandan Genocide was the 1994 mass murder of an estimated 800,000 people in the small nation of Rwanda. Over the course of approximately 100 days around 20% of the country's total population was murdered. It was the result of longstanding ethnic competition and tensions between the minority Tutsi, who had controlled power for centuries, and the majority Hutu peoples, who had come to power in the rebellion of 1959–1962 and overthrown the Tutsi monarchy.

• In 2003 a new Constitution was developed.

Middle East- Arab Spring

• Just like the Prague Spring in the 1960’s in Czechoslovakia- the Middle East rebellions are movements against repressive governments!

Egypt’s Rebellion • President Mubarak was in power in Egypt from

1981-2011.• Overthrown after 18 days of protest.• Jan. 25- Feb. 11, 2011• May 12th, 2012-Egypt held it’s first free & fair presidential election in modern history but later removed the President from power. • Currently, an interim gov’t is in charge and in January they wrote a new constitution!

Colonel MuammaRQaddafi

Was Libya’s Leader Since 1969!Captured & killed in his

hometown on Oct. 20, 2011

US had ordered air strikes on Qaddafi in

1986 & 2011 Yesterday, Libya announced a new Prime Minster!

Bashar al- Assad

•Current “President” of Syria,

•His father ruled Syria for 29 years until his death in 2000. Al-Assad was elected in 2000 and 2007, unopposed each time.

•Protests started in January 2011. Protesters called for political reforms and the re-instatement of civil rights.

•Significant proof that Assad regime has used chemical weapons on Syrian people.

•Currently regime kind of working with the UN to remove these weapons.

•Sources report that as many as 150,000 people have been killed!

Middle East- Arab Spring

Iran’s Supreme LeaderAyatollah Ali Khamenei

Iran’s PresidentHassan Rouhani

حسینی علی سیدروحانی خامنه ای حسن

Ukraine

• Euromaidan protests in late 2013 • President is forced to resign• In the meantime, Putin (Russia) sees the unrest in

Ukraine• Crimean people voted to become a part of Russia• Putin ready to response to Ukrainian crisis with

military force in order to ease unrest.

Modern Issues and Ideas

The Big Bang Theory

• Occurred 13.75 billion years ago• Universe was extremely dense and hot and

expanding rapidly• Rapid expansion caused universe to cool,

allowing energy to be converted into subatomic particles

• Universe continues to expand today, taking galaxies with it

And Then There Was Food, LOTS OF IT!!!

• Rapid growth of global population demanded an increase in agricultural production

• Started in Mexico (Green Revolution) in the 1940’s and spread to other areas during the 50’s and 60’s

• Based on three main features:– High yield crops (specifically bred domestic crops)– Fertilizers (specifically designed to increase yield)– Irrigation (increased the amount of farmable land)

• Virtually eliminated famines in India and China, which has led to rapid overpopulation (Think Thomas Malthus)

• Africa has not benefited from this due to political and infrastructural problems

Goodbye Diseases• Polio Vaccine developed

in the 50’s and 60’s virtually eliminated the disease from most countries

• Vaccines for other diseases (flu, MMR, etc) have greatly increased our ability to survive, but also resulted in more resistant forms

What about the Polar Bears?• Pollution and

greenhouse gas emissions– Trap heat in the

atmosphere– Cause respiratory

problems– Can contaminate

groundwater and food– Global warming/climate

change

A Tale of Two Terrible Stories • Diseases associated with

poverty – Malaria (3rd world disease)

• New diseases emerge– HIV/AIDS (prevalant in 3rd

world countries)• Why are these diseases

focused on the 3rd world?• Again, think about

Malthus’s checks on population

• 1st world countries have their issues too– Living longer=high rates of

heart disease, stroke, etc.– Easy access to food

(especially junk/fast food) leads to higher rates of obesity and diabetes

Can’t We All Just Get Along? • The prevalence and

willingness to go to war make people upset– Anti-war music and

propaganda (flower power)

– Sacrifice/personal harm to protest the war

• Thich Quang Duc’s self-immolation (setting yourself on fire)

• Mohamed Bouazizi’s protest against the Tunisian government.

Help, I’ve Fallen and I Can’t Get Up • Humanitarian

Organizations develop in response to crises– Red Cross

• Helps military families, blood collection, food distribution, disaster aid, etc.

– World Health Organization

• Wing of the UN to assist with disease, nutrition, sex ed., etc.

Let’s Work Together • Regional Trade

Agreements• Diverse areas like

Europe and SE Asia form economic alliances– ASEAN, European Union

• Goal is to economically cooperate to break trade barriers and increase trade

Tree Hugging Hippies

• Population growth + increasing demand= consequences for the environment/people

• Movements emerge to promote environmental awareness/protection– Earth Day– Greenpeace– PETA

I’m Special, You’re Special!• Globalization of

economies + new transportation methods + multimedia= everyone’s connected

• Interaction leads to new cultural identities

• They’re out to get us!• As different groups

come in contact with each other, reactions occur– Xenophobia- fear of

foreigners and that which is foreign

– Where have we seen this before/currently?

Let’s Get Together and Feel Alright!

• Technological advances in transportation and communication have made media from all over the world available– Reggae, native to Jamaica,

is listened to all over the world

– Bollywood, India’s entertainment district, can be viewed throughout the globe

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyPMc38Q5Bc

That concludes the content for Mrs. Sunda’s Advanced

Placement World History course!

Onward to review!!!