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Fredrick Douglas helped the anti-slave movement gain momentum, this caused increase support for Lincoln’s antislavery campaign, and this eventually led to his election. Lincoln becoming elected caused southern states to withdraw from US. In an attempt to preserve the Union, Lincoln went to war. War resulted in freedom for slaves. Freed-blacks still treated very badly by racists across the country.

“Truths” about black people revealed as myths

Many beliefs about blacks were challenged

MYTH: Blacks need others to make decisions for them; TRUTH: Blacks usually ran plantations and made the major decisions needed

MYTH: Blacks prefer life as slave because of reduced stress: TRUTH: Many slaves were willing to sacrifice their lives for a chance at freedom

MYTH: Blacks lack higher-order thinking skills. TRUTH: Many slaves couldn’t read because law prohibited teaching reading to them

MYTH: Blacks are more like animals than humansTRUTH: Blacks often forced to live like animals;

Constant threat of having one’s family broken up

Constant threat of violence against self, family, or friends

Living in fear – fear of what happens if you run, fear of what happens if you stay, fear of what happen even if you escape

Constant message that blacks were inferior to whites, and were more like animals than humans

Fredrick Douglas’ experiences as a slave

Articulate, highly intelligent x-slave begins speaking out against slavery

Transformed a largely emotional issue (e.g., “Isn’t it sad the way slaves are treated?”) to an intellectual issue (the immorality of slavery). Big disconnect between derogation of and US black man as a slave living in US vs. “All men are created equal” phrase in Declaration if Independence

His ability to articulate ideas and debate them more effectively than most white people forced others to respect him and his message about slavery

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Firing on Ft. Sumter

first shot of the American Civil War, creating a point-of-no-return for nonviolently resolving conflicts between the North and South.

Ft. Sumter was built by the Union forces and is located on an island in Charleston Bay. Southerners fired cannons at it until the Union forces surrendered. The excitement it created in the South and the resulting anger of the North led to war.

Years of angry debate about slavery --> Lincoln elected --> southern states start withdrawing from Union to form their own country (Confederacy)

Southerners wanted the weapons inside the fort so they demanded the North surrender it. They refused. No one knows which side fired first. After a brief battle, North surrendered the fort.

Lincoln couldn’t let south get away with what happened, so he sent Union ships to Charleston to try to retake the fort. This event led to war between Confederacy and the Union.

The Civil War ended slavery, but it took another 100 years to secure and protect the rights of African Americans.

The large amount of men who died during the war

There were many huge battles where thousands of men were killed in a single day.

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Women were asked and expected to engage in typical male jobs such as: welders, electricians, mechanics, and auto assembly line workers

During the war the six million women workers narrowed the wage gap between men and women

Additional jobs included shipbuilders, ammunition specialists; seamstress’s making everything from uniforms to tents, medical workers, and clerical workers.

Lack of male laborers during

World War II

Americans doubted that the economy could accommodate six million new women workers along with millions of returning veterans once wartime production had ceased.

War time duty to produce goods needed for victory was replaced with postwar obligation to withdraw from the labor force. In 1950 women earned 53% of what men did.

With the shadow of the depression still hovering and anxiety over Unemployment a universal response to solve the problem was pushed onto women.

Males return to the work force after World War II

Domestic Need for Women Labors during and after World War II

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© 2004Edwin Ellis Graphicorganizers.com

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