Third-hand smoke: an Emerging Healthcare Challenge
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Transcript of Third-hand smoke: an Emerging Healthcare Challenge
THIRD-HAND SMOKE: AN EMERGING HEALTHCARE
CHALLENGE
Maher Mouzer Teresa Goncalves
OUTLINE
Background Underlying Dangers Project focus and methods Project plan Future applications
BACKGROUND – HARM TO SMOKER In 1964 it was officially acknowledged the harmful effects
of cigarette smoking General belief was that the damaging effects of tobacco
was restricted to the smoker
BACKGROUND SECOND-HAND SMOKE
In 1981, Japanese epidemiologist Takeshi Hirayama published a ground-breaking study relating an increased incidence of lung cancer among non-smoking women married to men who smoked - Second-hand smoking
Widespread denial from the tobacco industry Hirayama’s work has stood the test of time and reinforced
efforts to protect non-smokers from second-hand exposure to tobacco
Chemicals Identified for second hand smoke.
BACKGROUND SECOND-HAND SMOKE
Statistics Canada (2008)
BACKGROUND – HARM TO SMOKER Tobacco-related illnesses will continue to be a leading
cause of death worldwide (Jha, P., 2009)
Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 655-664 (September 2009); doi:10.1038/nrc2703
BACKGROUND THIRD-HAND SMOKE In 2009, investigators at the Mass General Hospital for
Children in Boston devised a new term,
Third-hand smoke
Refers to the residual gas and particles that remain trapped on hair, skin, and surfaces long after a cigarette is extinguished
UNDERLYING DANGERS – HIGH EXPOSURE Increased risk of exposure for non-smokers
Much higher than second hand smoking Stay and accumulate indefinitely
Cannot be removed by ventilation and soap cleaners Nicotine requires special detergents to be removed from
surfaces Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) can strongly bind to
fabric and ceilings Multiple Routes of entry
skin breathing ingestion
Infants are at high risk Crawling and touching surfaces Physical contact with parents that smoke
UNDERLYING DANGERS – TOXIC CHEMICALS Chemicals that may pose health risks in third-hand
smoking are similar to second hand smoking like VOC’s, heavy metals, gases and radioactive material
Secondary potent cancer-causing compounds from tobacco-derived toxicants: Accumulated nicotine on surfaces reacts with ambient
nitrous acid generated by certain appliances to form carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs)
(Sleiman M., 2010)
REFERENCES Rabin, R. C. (2009) A new cigarette hazard: Third-hand smoke.
Accessed from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/03/health/research/03smoke.html?_r=1&, on March 22, 2013.
Matt GE, Quintana PJ, Hovell MF, Bernert JT, Song S, Novianti N, Juarez T, Floro J, Gehrman C, Garcia M, Larson S. (2004) Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures. Tob Control. 13(1):29-37
Sleiman, M., Gundel, L. A., Pankow, J. F., Peyton, J., Singer, B., Destaillats, H. (2010) Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards. PNAS Early Edition 1-6
Winickoff, J. P., Friebely, J., Tanski, S. E., Sherrod, C., Matt, G.E., Hovell, M.F., McMille, R.C. (2009) Beliefs About the Health Effects of ''Thirdhand'' Smoke and Home Smoking Bans. Pediatrics 123:e73-e79
Kuschner, W.G., Reddy, S., Mehrotra, N., Paintal, H.S. (2011) Electronic cigarettes and thirdhand tobacco smoke: two emerging healthcare challenges for the primary care provider. Int. J. of Gen. Med. 4:115-120
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