THERMOPLASTIC ENCAPSULATION OF WASTE SURROGATES · PDF fileTHERMOPLASTIC ENCAPSULATION OF...

BNL- 63712INFORMAL REPORT

THERMOPLASTIC ENCAPSULATION OF WASTESURROGATES BY HIGH-SHEAR MIXING

P.R. LageraaenP.D. KalbB.R. Patel

DECEMBER 1995

Prepared byEnvironmental & Waste Technology Center

Department of Advanced TechnologyBrookhaven National Laboratory

Upton, NY 11973-5000

Prepared forU.S. Department of Energy

Strategic Environmental Research and Development Programand

U.S. Environmental Protection AgencySERDP Project 387-EPA

Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH00016

DISCLAIMER

Portions of this document may be illegiblein electronic image products. Images areproduced from the best available originaldocument

DISCLAIMER

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the UnitedStates Government Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, norany of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liabili-ty or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, appa-ratus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privatelyowned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service bytrade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute orimply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government orany agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessar-ily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

ABSTRACT

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has developed a robust, extrusion-basedpolyethylene encapsulation process applicable to a wide range of solid and aqueous low-levelradioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes. However, due to the broad range of physical andchemical properties of waste materials, pretreatment of these wastes is often required to makethem amenable to processing with polyethylene. As part of the scope of work identified in FY95"Removal and Encapsulation of Heavy Metals from Ground Water," EPA SERDP#387, thatspecifies a review of potential thermoplastic processing techniques, and in order to investigatepossible pretreatment alternatives, BNL conducted a vendor test of the Draiswerke Gelimat(thermokinetic) mixer on April 25, 1995 at their test facility in Mahwah, NJ. The Gelimat is abatch operated, high-shear, high-intensity fluxing mixer that is often used for mixing variousmaterials and specifically in the plastics industry for compounding additives such as stabilizersand/or colorants with polymers.

in

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii

1. BACKGROUND 1

2. MATERIALS DESCRIPTION 12.1 Waste Surrogates 1

2.2 Polymers 2

3. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION 3

4. PROCEDURE 3

5. RESULTS 4

6. CONCLUSIONS 7

7. REFERENCE 8

APPENDIX A-l

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has developed a robust, extrusion-basedpolyethylene encapsulation process applicable to a wide range of solid and aqueous low-levelradioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes. However, due to the broad range of physical andchemical properties of waste materials, pretreatment of these wastes is often required to makethem amenable to processing with polyethylene. As part of the scope of work identified in FY95"Removal and Encapsulation of Heavy Metals from Ground Water," EPA SERDP#387, thatspecifies a review of potential thermoplastic processing techniques, and in order to investigatepossible pretreatment alternatives, BNL conducted a vendor test of the Draiswerke Gelimat(thermokinetic) mixer on April 25, 1995 at their test facility in Mahwah, NJ. The Gelimat is abatch operated, high-shear, high-intensity fluxing mixer that is often used for mixing variousmaterials and specifically in the plastics industry for compounding additives such as stabilizersand/or colorants with polymers.

Test objectives were to gauge the success of this process for mixing different wastematerials with thermoplastics and to produce a molten product that can either be dischargeddirectly into a waste container or can be fed to an extruder. In the latter case, the extruder wouldserve to further mix the materials, act as a melt pump for processing the materials through a die,and to create a continuous encapsulation process. For this test, a series of surrogate wastesincluding mixed incinerator ash, hearth ash, nitrate salts, sawdust and wood chips were mixedwith pelletized virgin and recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE), recycled flake high-densitypolyethylene (HDPE), recycled flake poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), or a combination ofthese polymers.

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1. BACKGROUND

The BNL polyethylene encapsulation process utilizes a versatile, single-screw plasticsextruder to melt and homogeneously mix waste materials with polyethylene. The molten mixtureis then pumped through a die into a waste form container. Due to the inherent thermoplasticproperties of polyethylene, cooling of the melt results in a solid monolithic waste form in whichwaste contaminants have been completely surrounded by a polymer matrix, i.e.,microencapsulated. This process has been shown to be applicable to a wide range of waste typesincluding aqueous evaporator concentrates (nitrates, sulfates, borates, chlorides, etc.), sludges,incinerator fly and bottom ash, contaminated soils, molten salt oxidation salt residuals, and ionexchange resins. However, many wastes require pretreatment to make them amenable toextrusion. This often includes drying for volume reduction and to remove residual moisture, andgrinding to reduce particle size. Even with pretreatment, some waste materials are difficult toprocess with highly viscous molten polymers due to particle size, particle size distribution and/ordensity. For these materials, alternate processing techniques to extrusion or alternate processesthat can be used in conjunction with extrusion are desired.

The use of extrusion for waste encapsulation is similar to routine compounding applicationsestablished in the plastics industry. The mixing" or compounding of materials with polymers canbe accomplished using extrusion, continuous mixing, and/or batch mixing. Each of these areproven technologies with merits for particular processing applications!!]. A high-intensity batchmixer was tested to assess its ability to mix various waste surrogates with several types of virginand recycled thermoplastics. Test results will indicate if thermokinetic mixers may haveapplication in conjunction with the BNL polyethylene encapsulation process or as a stand-alonewaste encapsulation technique. When coupled with extrusion processing, the batch mixer wouldpremix difficult to process waste materials with the thermoplastics, then discharge the molten pluginto the extruder feed throat which would, in turn, further homogenize the mixture andcontinuously pump the material through a die.

High-intensity mixers operate with a powerful drive that is magnetically clutched to asingle rotor mounted with staggered blades. The rotor revolves at high speeds (tip speeds up to45 meters/sec) and produces a fast-paced mixing action resulting in thermokinetic heating of thebatch without the use of an external heat source. Material impingement against the blades and thechamber wall provides the necessary mixing and dispersion of ingredients.

2. MATERIALS DESCRIPTION

2.1 Waste Surrogates

The wastes tested included surrogates of natural xanthate sorbents, hearth ash, nitrate saltsand mixed incinerator ash obtained from the American Re-Fuel Incinerator located in Hempstead,NY. Sawdust and wood chips were used as the surrogates for xanthates which are natural

1

sorbents currently being studied for the removal of heavy metals from groundwater. Hearth ash,retrieved from a household wood burning stove, is a surrogate for radioactively contaminatedhearth ash resulting from the burning of wood contaminated by the Chernobyl nuclear accident.The nitrate salt surrogate was prepared at BNL and represents a high volume aqueous mixed wastegenerated at DOE's Rocky Flats Plant, Golden, CO. Nitrate salt surrogate composition data isshown in Table 1. The salt surrogate was previously formulated as an aqueous solution containing35 weight percent solids and was dried in a rotary vacuum dryer to less than one percent moisture.The dried product was passed through a grinder to achieve a particle size distribution rangingfrom 250 to 2400 /urn.

Table 1. Composition of nitrate salt surrogate used during thermokinetic mixerfeasibility test

Compound

Sodium nitrate

Potassium chloride

Sodium sulfate

Calcium carbonate

Sodium fluoride

Magnesium chloride

Formula

NaNO3

KC1

Na2SO4

CaCO3

NaF

MgCl2

Target Composition

37.3

31.6

17.7

6.2

5.2

2.0

2.2 Polymers

A number of thermoplastics, including both virgin and recycled resins, were obtained forthis vendor test. The BNL encapsulation process has, to-date, focused on using an injectionmolding grade of virgin LDPE for waste solidification. However, a new initiative is focusing ondetermining the feasibility of using various grades of recycled resin for waste encapsulation. Itis important to note that because of the broad range of rheological properties which vary with typeand grade of plastic, substituting different polymers will impact encapsulation processingconditions. This is further complicated when considering recycled resins which are oftenheterogeneous, comprise a mixture of different resin grades, and contain additives such ascolorants, fillers and/or stabilizers. Additives used to achieve particular characteristics for newplastic products will affect melt flow properties during reprocessing. Since processing parametersare dependent upon both the polymer and waste properties, it is necessary to conduct treatabilitystudies to optimize processing conditions for different polymer and waste material combinations.

The recycled resins used during this vendor test were provided by plastic recyclers, asshown in Appendix A-l. The recycled LDPE was pelletized and co-mingled with a lesser quantityof linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). The actual mass fraction of LDPE and LLDPE wasnot known. The recycled PET was flaked and clear in color. The recycled HDPE was flakeddetergent bottles in many colors, primarily different shades of blue and red.

3. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

The Gelimat high-speed mixer tested is a one liter vessel consisting of a horizontalchamber with a central rotating shaft and staggered mixing blades at various angles. The shaftis driven by a magnetically clutched 30 hp motor that allows for nearly instantaneousengagement/disengagement. Although the mixer motor runs continuously, the rotor is protectedwith a safety interlock that ensures the charge and discharge ports are closed. Engaging anddisengaging the rotor is accomplished by a remote control panel. The high speeds of the rotor (tipspeed up to 45 m/sec) produce a fast-paced mixing action, short batch cycles, and kinetic heatingof the batch materials. External heaters are not required, as the intense shearing convertsmechanical energy into frictional heat in a thermokinetic heating process. Mixing and dispersionoccurs as particles impact with the vessel walls, the rotor blades or with each other. Thislaboratory unit processed 150-250 gram batches in 20-40 seconds depending on the materialproperties.

4. PROCEDURE

Appropriate quantities of polymer and waste materials were pre-weighed to the desiredwaste loading, combined together and added to the mixing vessel through a top mounted chargeport. For each run, the residence time and temperature were recorded. The temperature wasmonitored with a thermocouple that was mounted on the inside wall surface. The residence timewas recorded by the operator who stopped and discharged each batch based on the soundemanating from the mixer and on previous experience with similar materials. A characteristicsound was heard when fluxing of the materials occurred. The processing time could also bedetermined by monitoring the wall temperature inside the mixer. The temperature initiallyremained at a constant value during the beginning of each cycle but then rapidly increased as thepolymer melted and mixed with the waste material. When the temperature exceeded thepolymer's melting point, the rotating shaft was disengaged and the molten materials weredischarged onto a steel tray. The molten plug was then scooped into a 12.7 cm x 12.7cmx5.1cm (5 in x 5 in x 2 in) mold and placed under a pneumatic compression press set to 95 psi. Theproduct samples were maintained under compression for a short time (1-2 minutes), then releasedfrom the mold and allowed to cool in a water bath. Batch sizes ranged from 160 - 200 grams andproduced mold samples with approximate dimensions of 12.7 cm x 12.7 cm x 2.0 cm (5 in x 5in x 0.75 in).

5. RESULTS

A summary of the process data recorded during the vendor test is shown in Table 2. Theexperiments were sequenced by varying the type of binder and the waste-to-binder material ratiofor each of the waste surrogates. A pure batch of polymer was processed between newwaste/binder combinations in order to ensure that the mixing vessel was clean. Batch timesranged between 14-159 seconds and averaged 31 seconds for all runs conducted.

Sawdust was mixed with either virgin low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), recycled low-density polyethylene (RLDPE), recycled high-density polyethylene (RHDPE) or recycledpoly(ethylene terephthalate) (RPET) for Batches 1-17. Surrogate waste loadings of 40, 50, 60,65 and 70 weight percent sawdust with VLDPE were achieved. Higher sawdust loadings resultedin processing difficulties. Product from batches containing ^60 wt% sawdust was flakey and thesawdust did not appear to be completely encapsulated. By comparison, a maximum waste loadingof 50 wt% was achieved using a single-screw extruder at BNL. The low density of sawdust,approximately half the density of polyethylene, resulted in much larger volumes of sawdust thanpolyethylene on a weight basis. At higher loadings, the extruder was limited by insufficientpolyethylene to convey the sawdust through the barrel. The kinetic mixer, on the other hand, wasable to process higher loadings compared to extrusion but was ultimately limited by the ability ofpolyethylene to effectively wet and encapsulate the larger volume of sawdust.

Sawdust and wood chips are surrogates for xanthates which are currently beinginvestigated under the EPA SERDP#387 as a sorbent material to remove heavy metals fromground water. Thermoplastic encapsulation is being investigated for solidification of thesesorbents to minimize leaching of contaminants and provide long term stability under disposalconditions. The xanthates will be used as a column packing material through which contaminatedwater will be passed. As a result, sorbents contain a high degree of moisture that must beremoved for successful extrusion processing. Experimental Batches 7 and 8 were conducted toascertain the mixer's ability to tolerate waste streams with a high moisture content. All the wateradded for these batches was sorbed by the sawdust. Batch 7 contained 10% water (based only onthe weight of sawdust, not the total batch weight) added to a 200 gram batch containing 60wt%sawdust/40 wt% VLDPE. Thirty percent water was added to a 200 gram batch containing 50wt%sawdust/50wt% VLDPE in Batch 8. The added water did not affect processing and in both trialsproduced a well-mixed final sample similar in appearance to previous dry samples at the samewaste loading. Steam evolved during the processing cycle was vented through a pressure reliefvalve.

Two Batches (10 and 11) were processed with sawdust and RLDPE at a 50 wt% loading,chosen based on the success of processing sawdust with VLDPE at this waste loading. Theproduct sample from Batch 10 did not appear to be well mixed and homogeneous. As a result,the blade speed was increased from 4800 to 6000 rpm for Batch 11 in an effort to achieveimproved mixing. No observable improvements were found as both samples consisted of clearlyvisible areas of high polymer concentration. The RLDPE did not mix as well with the sawdustas the VLDPE, probably due to a higher melt viscosity (lower melt index) of the recycled material

Table 2. Summary of experiments conducted during Gelimat vendor test

RUN

1

2

3

3a

4

5

67

8910

11

12

13

14

151617

1819

2021

222324

2526

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

353637

POLYMER

VLDPE©

VLDPEVLDPE

VLDPE

VLDPE

VLDPE

VLDPE

VLDPE

VLDPERLDPE®

RLDPE

RLDPE

RHDPE®

RHDPE

RHDPE

RPET®

RPET

RPET

VLDPEVLDPE

VLDPEVLDPE

RHDPERHDPE

VLDPE

VLDPEVLDPE

VLDPE

VLDPE

RHDPERLDPE

RHDPE

VLDPEVLDPE

VLDPERLDPE

VLDPE

RHDPE

VLDPE

VLDPEVLDPE

VLDPE

WT%

100

6050

50

40

30

3540

50

100

50

50

100

60

60

100

100

60

10060

5040

10060100

5040

30

15

15

2020

40

30

2020

20

20

100

100

40

40

WASTE

NA

sawdustsawdust

sawdust

sawdust

sawdust

sawdustsawdust

sawdust

NAsawdust

sawdust

NA

sawdust

sawdust

NANA

sawdust

NA

wood chips

wood chipswood chips

NA

wood chipsNA

hearth ash

hearth ashhearth ash

hearth ash

hearth ash

incinerator ashincinerator ash

incinerator ash

incinerator ash

NA

NAnitrate salt

nitrate salt

WT%

NA

4050

50

60

70

65

60

50

NA

50

50

NA

40

40

NA

NA

40

NA

4050

60

NA40NA

50

6070

70

60

6070

60

60

NA

NA60

60

%WATER

NA

NA

NANA

NA

NA

NA

10

30NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANANA

NANA

NA

NA

NA

NANA

NA

NA

NA

NANA

42

BATCH WT.

(g)

180

160

160

160

160

160

160

200

200160

200

200

160

200

200

160

160

200

160200

200200

160200160

200200

200

200

200

200200

200

200

160

160200

200

CYCLE(sec)

17.3

30.635.434.8

38.1

43.339.1

54.7

49.536.0

80.0

30.0

18.6

32.8

26.2

22.7

14.0

31.8

16.421.7

29.5

31.525.7

44.517.6

14.014.1

18.322.7

18.3

16.2

17.2

15.3

22.0

15.9

14.011.1159.0

TEMP.(C)

134

195

215

210

229211

235

160

248256

230

2842??

271

280

239

308296

205

162227

259337

294184

220212

234

373

286

232

238

259

374

171

153173

252

RPM'S

4800

4800

4800

4800

48004800

48004800

48004800

4800

60006000

4800

5400

54005400

5400

5400

540054005400

540054005400

54005400

5400

5400

5400

54005400

5400

5400

5400

54005400

5400

®VLDPE: virgin low-density polyethylene;®RHDPE: recycled high-density polyethylene;

©RLDPE: recycled low-density polyethylene®RPET: recycled polyethylene terephthalate)

than that of the virgin polyethylene. The actual melt flow index (MFI) for RLDPE was not givenby the supplier.

Batches 13 and 14 were processed with 40wt% sawdust/60wt% RHDPE at 4800 rpm and5400 rpm, respectively. The mold samples were not homogeneously mixed, similar to the resultsfor sawdust with RLDPE. Areas with high concentrations of polymer were clearly visible. TheMFI for RHDPE, provided by the supplier, was 0.55 g/10 min. This is significantly lower thanthe MFI for the virgin polyethylene (i.e., is a more viscous melt) and explains why the RHDPEcan not "wet" the sawdust as well as the VLDPE. A higher rotor speed or using a combinationof RHDPE with a lower melt viscosity polymer may yield better results.

Processing RPET with 40 wt% sawdust (Batch 17) was not successful due to PET's highermelt temperature of approximately 220-250 °C. Attaining this temperature during the batchexperiment caused the sawdust to burn. This was observed on the inside of the mold sample aftercutting the sample in half. The interior contained numerous voids, had a burnt odor and wassimilar in texture to a blackened styrofoam material.

Wood chips were successfully processed with VLDPE at waste loadings of 40, 50, and 60wt% (Batches 19-21). Samples containing 60 wt% wood chips appeared to be more thoroughlyand homogeneously encapsulated than the samples produced with 60 wt% sawdust. The woodchips were approximately the size of toothpicks but also contained some thicker, and longer pieces(up to 10 cm). The rotor blades were able to effectively shred the chips into smaller uniformlengths (approximately 1 cm), which can be easily seen in the final samples. Successful extrusionprocessing would require pretreating the wood chips to reduce the particle size. The kinetic mixercan tolerate a broader particle size range due to the high intensity mixing.

A waste loading of 40 wt% wood chips with RHDPE (Batch 23) did not produce a wellmixed product. The results are similar to those obtained for mixtures of RHDPE and RLDPEwith sawdust. The final sample reveals areas with high concentrations of wood chips andpolymer. The performance of the recycled resins with sawdust and wood chips is dependent onthe high melt viscosity of these resins under shear in the mixer.

Hearth ash was successfully mixed with VLDPE at waste loadings of 50, 60 and 70 wt%(Batches 25-27). Although the molten product was completely black, all samples appeared to behomogeneous, even at 70 wt%. Various blends of recycled resins as well as combinations ofrecycled resins with virgin polyethylene were mixed with hearth ash. A combination of 70 wt%hearth ash, 15 wt% VLDPE and 15 wt% RHDPE produced a well mixed product (Batch 28). Thesample warped following removal from the mold, possibly due to the excessive temperature(373 °C) attained during this run. A combination of 60 wt% hearth ash, 20 wt% RLDPE and 20wt% RHDPE (Batch 29), also produced a well mixed product. Overall, the hearth ash wassuccessfully mixed and encapsulated with VLDPE, and mixtures of VLDPE/RHDPE andRLDPE/RHDPE.

Similar to the results for hearth ash, mixed incinerator ash was successfully processed atwaste loadings of 60 and 70 wt% with VLDPE, at 60 wt% with 20wt% VLDPE/20wt% RLDPE,and at 60 wt% with 20wt% VLDPE/20wt% RHDPE (Batches 30-33). All product samplesmolded readily and appeared well mixed. The incinerator ash was sieved at BNL prior to thevendor test for all particles greater than 2.380 mm primarily to remove nails, staples and otherlarge fragments. This ash has been successfully processed at BNL by extrusion at waste loadingsup to 70 wt%.

For Batches 36 and 37, the nitrate salt surrogate was mixed with VLDPE at a wasteloading of 60 wt%. The salt was evenly distributed and appeared well mixed in the final moldsample. This surrogate has also been successfully processed by extrusion at this loading.Although starting with the same surrogate, the particles in the mold sample following processingin the kinetic mixer appear smaller than those in final waste forms generated by extrusion. Aswith the wood chips, the mixer apparently reduces the particle size of the waste material duringmixing. For Batch 37, the salt surrogate was dissolved by adding 42% water to the mixture of40 wt% VLDPE and 60 wt% nitrate salt. This test was not successful because the mixer was notleak proof, resulting in the majority of the surrogate waste solution dripping through the bottomdischarge port. Since the mixer is not leak tight, it can only tolerate a high moisture content whensorbed by the waste materials. "Free" or aqueous liquids will leak from the vessel. However,the vendor representative indicated that the discharge port could be designed to be leak tight.

6. CONCLUSIONS

A high-shear, high-intensity (thermokinetic) mixer was tested and successfully processeda number of waste surrogates with virgin polyethylene, mixtures of virgin polyethylene withrecycled high- and low-density polyethylene, and mixtures of recycled high- and low-densitypolyethylene. The mixer was able to encapsulate sawdust and wood chips with virginpolyethylene and produce a homogeneous product at a waste loading up to 60 wt%. Above thisloading, the product became flakey and was not sufficiently encapsulated by the polyethylene.The low density of the wood surrogates limited the maximum attainable waste loading. Thehearth and incinerator ashes were successfully processed at loadings up to 70 wt% with virginpolyethylene and 60 wt% with mixtures of virgin and recycled resins. Processing results withrecycled polymers alone were not as effective as either recycled-virgin blends or virgin polymersalone. This was most likely due to the higher melt viscosity of the recycled resins, which impedesits ability to "wet" and effectively microencapsulate the waste materials.

Thermokinetic mixers have been proven to encapsulate waste surrogates with polyethyleneon a batch basis. Compared with single-screw extrusion, thermokinetic mixing has certainadvantages such as being able to process a broader particle size distribution including larger andfiner particles and the ability to process wet materials. This would reduce the demand for wastepretreatment but not necessarily eliminate it. For example, pretreatment of the nitrate saltsurrogate requires drying to less than two percent moisture and size reduction prior to

encapsulation processing by extrusion. Experiments with the thermokinetic mixer show that it cantolerate larger particles than extrusion but may be limited with aqueous wastes. Pretreatrnent ofthe nitrate salt surrogate to make it amenable to processing with the high-intensity mixer may onlyrequire drying to approximately 20 percent moisture (i.e., a sludge) and limited size reduction.This would reduce the energy costs associated with waste pretreatment.

Two drawbacks of the high-intensity mixer are its batch operation and less precise controlover melt and mixing parameters. Coupling of the mixer with a single-screw extruder mayminimize limitations associated with each technique and enhance overall process capabilities. Thethermokinetic processor can serve as an in-line pre-mixer for the extruder, in which the well-mixed molten product can be fed directly to the extruder feed throat. The extruder would serveto further homogenize the materials, act as a melt pump for processing the materials through a dieand create a continuous encapsulation process.

7. REFERENCE

1. Patel, B.R., P.R. Lageraaen, and P.D. Kalb, "Review of Potential ProcessingTechniques for the Encapsulation of Sorbents in Thermoplastic Polymers," preparedfor US DOE and US EPA Strategic Environmental Research and DevelopmentProgram #387, Brookhaven National Laboratory, BNL-62200, August 1995.

Appendix A-l. Suppliers of recycled resin used during vendor test

Supplier

Mobil Chemical500 East SuperiorJacksonville, IL 62650

Clearvue Resource ManagementClearvue Polymers, Inc.Edson Street Industrial ParkBox 8Amsterdam, NY 12010

WTE Recycling136 Fuller RoadAlbany, NY 12205

Resin Type

LDPE/LLDPE

HDPE

PET

Resin Form

pellet

flake

flake

A-l

Appendix A-2. Laboratory Data Sheets from Vendor Test of Draiswerke GelimatKinetic Mixer

A-2

Laboratory Test of Draiswerke Gelimat Kinetic Mixer5, 1995

Polymer\JLOfQ

% Weight (g) Waste %—

Weight (g)—

% Water Weight—

Residence Time Temperature RPM's

Comments: £JrJr0 jcafe TO

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Polymer % Weight Waste % Weight % Water Weight Residence Time Temperature RPM's

Comments:

ron

Polymer %

5-0

Weight Waste % Weight % Water—•

Weight Residence Time Temperature

JiiSo

RPM's

ffro

Comments:

*>/

Laboratory Test of Draiswerke Geiimat Kinetic Mixer S^Usy*July 25, 1995 '

(3)Polymer % Weight (g) Waste % Weight (g) % Water

—

Weight

—-


Comments: ^.

Polymer

yuoPe

% Weight Waste % Weight % Water

—

Weight

—


Comments:

Polymer %

3 0

Weight Waste % Weight % Water

—

Weight

-

Residence Time Temperature

in

RPM's

Comments: r* Uc-\tu* /mJ-r* Uc-\tu* /Vistey,

Laboratory Test of Draiswerke Gelimat Kinetic MixerJuly 25,1995A

(a)Polymer

yfLQPG

% Weight (g) Waste % Weight (g) % Water

—

Weight

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Residence Time

33.i ***-

Temperature RPM's

Comments:

W

Polymer

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% Weight Waste %

CeO

Weight % Water Weight Residence Time Temperature

(Ut03c

RPM's

Comments:C-fi+u

Polymer % Weight Waste % Weight % Water Weight Residence Time Temperature

We

RPM's

Comments:

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"«> 7f"7

Laboratory Test of Draiswerke Gelimat Kinetic MixerJuly 25, 1995

Polymer % Weight (g) Waste—

%—

Weight (g) % Water

—

Weight

—


Comments:

Comments:

Polymer %Comments: ^

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Weight

Weight

Waste

Waste

%

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Weight

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% Water

—

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% Weight

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% Water

-

Weight

—

Weight

—

Residence Time

Residence Time

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Temperature

•

Temperature

RPM's

RPM's

Laboratory Test of Draiswerke Gelimat Kinetic Mixer/30Auh,ix 1QQK KczyJuly 25,1995

Polymer Weight (g) Waste Weight (g) % Water Weight Residence Time Temperature RPM's

(CO all'e

Comments:Smla

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Polymer Weight Waste Weight % Water Weight Residence Time Temperature RPM's

GOHo &CJ

311 °c

Comments:do£)J}

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Polymer

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—

Weight Residence Time Temperature RPM's

Comments:

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Polymer

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Weight (g) Waste % Weight (g)•

% Water———

Weight-


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RPM's

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Comments: . ll0Oc

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Polymer %

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Weight Waste

—

%

—

Weight

—

% Water

—

Weight

—


soib °

RPM'S

Comments:

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CeO

Weight Waste %

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Weight % Water

—•

Weight

-


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RPM's

Comments:

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Laboratory Test of Draiswerke Gelimat Kinetic MixerJuly 25,1995AF

Polymer %

\oO

Weight (g)

UeOa

Waste

—

%

—

Weight (g)

—

% Water

—

Weight

-


5*tCQ

Comments:

Polymer %

(SO

Weight Waste %

vo

Weight % Water

—

Weight

-


Comments:

polymer %

S5C>

Weight Waste %

SO

Weight

tOOj

% Water Weight Residence Time Temperature RPM's

Comments:

Laboratory Test of Draiswerke Gelimat Kinetic Mixer / / jT)Julv9K 1Q95 LlVJuly 25,1995

P

aoPolymer

Vi-DPc'

%

HO

Weight (g) Waste

vOc&A

% Weight (g) % Water

—

Weight

—


S¥CXD

Comments: 2.00^ W - t f ;

Ji Sdu>f(si

Comments:

Polymer

a-%

(00

Weight Waste

—

%

-

Weight

—

% Water

—Weight

•


337*0.

RPM's

J Wfc*

Polymer %

uo

Weight

%

Waste %

HO

Weight % Water Weight

-


Comments: o?00«

u /

Laboratory Test of Draiswerke Gelimat Kinetic Mixer-duly 25,1995

Polymer %

too

Weight (g) Waste

—

%

—-

Weight (g)

—

% Water

—

Weight

—


Comments: cCtor, ^

Polymer

\JUOPG


—

Weight

—


Comments:

Polymer % Weight Waste % Weight

* > ,

% Water

—

Weight

—

Residence Time

iH.I U^

Temperature RPM's

5<~<oO

Comments: fccrl. S<,<it ;,

ew.

Laboratory Test of Draiswerke Gelimat Kinetic MixerJuly 25,1995APfta-

Polymer %

Comments: « . ,

4- moid £•

age)Polymer %

% •

Comments: z&o^

&Polymer %

To

Weight (g)

Weight

Waste

Waste

Weight Waste

%

7O

%

%

do

Weight (g)

Weight

Weight

% Water

—

% Water

% Water

Weight

—

Weight

-

Weight

—

Residence Time

Residence Time

Residence Time

Temperature

Temperature

Temperature

RPM's

RPM's

* * »

RPM's

Comments: \otcc

~k> hi

Laboratory Test of Draiswerke Gelimat Kinetic MixerJttJy-25, 1995

&Polymer Weight (g) Waste Weight (g) % Water Weight Residence Time Temperature RPM's

. z S^CJO

Comments:

CDPolymer

Comments:

%

30

Weight Waste % Weight % Water

—

Weight

—


Polymer %

zWeight Waste % Weight % Water

—

Weight

—


* , *

RPM's

Comments:

Laboratory Test of Draiswerke Gelimat Kinetic MixerJuly 25,1995

Polymer

\/-L0Pf

% Weight (g)

SO

Waste %

<JC

Weight (g)

iZOj^

% Water

—

Weight

-


Comments:

Polymer %

100%

Weight Waste %—

Weight % Water

-

Weight

—

Residence Time

Jr. 9 u^

Temperature

ntcc

RPM's

Comments:

Polymer

VkDftT

%

|«7O

Weight Waste

-

%

—

Weight

-

% Water

-

Weight

—


Comments: y,. fnd-

Laboratory Test of Draiswerke Gelimat Kinetic Mixer«krty25,1995

Polymer Weight (g) Waste % Weight (g) % Water Weight Residence Time Temperature RPM's

Comments::y frv>( *r* /

i'U/. see,in*.J is

Polymer Weight Waste Weight % Water Weight Residence Time Temperature RPM's

Vo 6O in 37

Comments:

t

Polymer % Weight Waste % Weight % Water Weight Residence Time Temperature RPM's

Comments:

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