There is no oil left on earth.Therefore, there is no power for electricity.

Describe your morning routine getting ready for school without using any electricity.

The Rise of IndustryThe Rise of Industry

How did big business & new How did big business & new inventions change society and inventions change society and

lead to industrial growth?lead to industrial growth?

What is industrialization?What is industrialization? a change from hand-made production a change from hand-made production

to machine manufacturingto machine manufacturing

increased the supply & lowered the increased the supply & lowered the cost of producing finished goods cost of producing finished goods

How did improved How did improved transportation help transportation help industrialization?industrialization?

RRs and canals RRs and canals allowed businesses to allowed businesses to ship finished goods ship finished goods to national markets to national markets throughout the U.S.throughout the U.S.

Moved natural Moved natural resources to eastern resources to eastern factories factories

Ex. iron ore to steel Ex. iron ore to steel mills in Pittsburghmills in Pittsburgh

How did farm & city life change How did farm & city life change after the Civil War?after the Civil War?

Mechanization (ex. McCormick reaper) Mechanization (ex. McCormick reaper) reduced farm labor needs & increased reduced farm labor needs & increased food productionfood production

People moved from farms (rural areas) People moved from farms (rural areas) to cities (urban areas) looking for jobsto cities (urban areas) looking for jobs

People moved

What inventions & innovations What inventions & innovations changed life in America?changed life in America?

Skyscrapers – Skyscrapers – allowed people allowed people & businesses & businesses to concentrate to concentrate in urban areas in urban areas

STEEL - allowed STEEL - allowed architecture to architecture to go up, not outgo up, not out

What inventions & innovations What inventions & innovations changed life in America?changed life in America?

Electricity – Electricity – extended the extended the factory work day factory work day past sunsetpast sunset

Thomas Edison – Thomas Edison – inventor of the inventor of the light bulblight bulb

What inventions & innovations What inventions & innovations changed life in America?changed life in America?

Telephone – Telephone – allowed allowed communication communication across long across long distancesdistances

Alexander Graham Alexander Graham Bell - inventorBell - inventor

What inventions & innovations What inventions & innovations changed life in America?changed life in America?

Assembly lines Assembly lines lowered the lowered the costs of making costs of making finished goodsfinished goods

Henry Ford Henry Ford uses to lower uses to lower cost of Model-T cost of Model-T FordsFords

How did industrialization How did industrialization affect consumers?affect consumers?

AdvertisingAdvertising

Mail order Mail order catalogscatalogs

Who were major industrial Who were major industrial leaders at the turn of the leaders at the turn of the

century?century?CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRYCAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLERJOHN D. ROCKEFELLER

Creator of Standard Creator of Standard Oil CompanyOil Company

Created a monopoly Created a monopoly by controlling 90% by controlling 90% of US oil refineriesof US oil refineries

Who were major industrial Who were major industrial leaders at the turn of the leaders at the turn of the

century?century?CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRYCAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY

ANDREW CARNEGIEANDREW CARNEGIE

Steel industry Steel industry giantgiant

Controlled steel Controlled steel production from production from

raw materials to raw materials to finished steelfinished steel

Who were major industrial leaders Who were major industrial leaders at the turn of the century?at the turn of the century?CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRYCAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY

CORNELIUS VANDERBILTCORNELIUS VANDERBILT

Shipping & railroadsShipping & railroads

Self-made millionaire Self-made millionaire known for his cut-known for his cut-throat business throat business practicespractices

Why were these business Why were these business leaders known as “robber leaders known as “robber barons” and “Captains of barons” and “Captains of

Industry”? Industry”? Represented 1% of the populationRepresented 1% of the population Lived the life of royaltyLived the life of royalty Ruthless competitors who used position Ruthless competitors who used position

to gain influence, wealth, and powerto gain influence, wealth, and power Controlled their industries (monopolies)Controlled their industries (monopolies) Philanthropists (givers of money) who Philanthropists (givers of money) who

donated millions to worthy causesdonated millions to worthy causes

“Get in my way and I’ll crush you!” Andrew Carnegie

How did big business lead to How did big business lead to political corruption (dishonesty political corruption (dishonesty

in government)?in government)?

Business leaders Business leaders believed “bigger was believed “bigger was better”better”

Created huge Created huge corporations (trusts) by corporations (trusts) by taking over smaller taking over smaller companies & companies & eliminating competitioneliminating competition

Why did labor unions form?Why did labor unions form? Workers joined together to form labor Workers joined together to form labor

unions using strikes & boycotts to unions using strikes & boycotts to protest low wages, long hours, unsafe protest low wages, long hours, unsafe working conditionsworking conditions

Why did labor unions form?Why did labor unions form? American Federation of Labor (AFL) – one American Federation of Labor (AFL) – one

of the 1of the 1stst labor unions labor unions Only skilled white male workers could joinOnly skilled white male workers could join But not immigrants, minorities, womenBut not immigrants, minorities, women Early strikes were violent & unsuccessfulEarly strikes were violent & unsuccessful

Samuel Gompers – labor union organizer & founder of the AFL

What were the results of the What were the results of the Homestead Strike?Homestead Strike?

Cause: Steel workers at Carnegie Cause: Steel workers at Carnegie Steel, Homestead, PA went on strike Steel, Homestead, PA went on strike due to wage cutsdue to wage cuts

Result: 1) “War” between striking Result: 1) “War” between striking workers, company guards, and workers, company guards, and government troops government troops

2) workers lost, were 2) workers lost, were

fired, wages cutfired, wages cut

How did industrialization How did industrialization change America?change America?

Between the Civil War and WWI, the U. Between the Civil War and WWI, the U. S. was transformed from an S. was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation.agricultural to an industrial nation.

Label each head and create thought Label each head and create thought bubbles explaining each figure’s bubbles explaining each figure’s answer to this question:answer to this question:

““Has industrialization & the growth Has industrialization & the growth of cities improved life in America? of cities improved life in America?

Why or why not?”Why or why not?”

On the left side of your notebook, draw heads and facial On the left side of your notebook, draw heads and facial expressions of FOUR– late 19expressions of FOUR– late 19thth century Americans – a century Americans – a

factory workerfactory worker, , business ownerbusiness owner, a , a labor union organizerlabor union organizer, , and a and a political machine politicianpolitical machine politician. Use 5 colors!. Use 5 colors!