by- V.A.THEJASRE

E

Introduction Steps of catalytic reaction Catalyst characterization Chemical and surface properties Catalyst activity testing Recent trends.

24% of GDP from Products made using catalysts (Food, Fuels, Clothes, Polymers, Drug, Agro-chemicals)

> 90 % of petro refining & petrochemicals processes use catalysts

90 % of processes & 60 % of products in the chemical industry

> 95% of pollution control technologies

Catalysis in the production/use of alternate fuels (NG,DME, H2, Fuel Cells, biofuels…)

For discovery/use of alternate sources of energy/fuels/raw material for chemical industry

For Pollution control

For preparation of new materials (organic & inorganic-eg: Carbon Nanotubes)

Industrial catalysis-from 2000+ :- Solid catalysts for biodiesel - solid acids, Hydroisom catalysts Catalysts for carbon nanotubes - Fe (Ni)-Mo-SiO2

For developed -mainly improvement in performance by

new synthesis methods & use of promoters

Green Chemistry is Catalysis due to:-

Pollution control (air and waste streams; stationary and mobile)Clean oxidation/halogenation processes using O2,H2O2 (C2H4O, C3H6O)Avoiding toxic chemicals in industry (HF,COCl2 etc)Fuel cells (H2 generation)

Catalysis in the Chemical Industry:

Hydrogen Industry(coal,NH3,methanol, FT, hydrogenations/ HDT, fuel cell)

Natural gas processing (SR,ATR,WGS,POX) Petroleum refining (FCC, HDW, HDT, HCr, REF) Petrochemicals ( monomers, bulk chemicals) Fine Chem. ( pharma, agrochemical, fragrance,

textile, coating, surfactants, laundry etc) Environmental Catalysis ( auto exhaust, deNOx, DOC)

Steps of Catalytic Reaction:-

- Diffusion of Reactants (Bulk to Film to Surface)- Adsorption

- Surface Reaction

- Desorption & Diffusion of Products

reactants

products

reactor

catalyst support

active site

substrate

adsorption

reactiondesorption

bed ofcatalyst particles

porous carrier

(catalyst support)

product

Bulk Physical Properties Bulk Chemical Properties Surface Chemical Properties Surface Physical Properties Catalytic Performance

Elemental composition (of the final catalyst) Thermal Analysis(DTA/TGA) electron microscopy (SEM,TEM) NMR/IR/UV-Vis Spectrophotometer bulk & surface structure. Texture :Surface area- porosity Counting “Active” Sites:

-Selective chemisorption (H2,CO,O2, NH3, Pyridine,CO2);Surface reaction (N2O)

Spectra of adsorbed species (IR/EPR/ NMR)

Catalyst Activity Testing :

Activity to be expressed as: - Rate constants from kinetics - Rates/weight - Rates/volume - Conversions at constant P,T and SV. - Temp required for a given conversion at constant partial & total pressures - Space velocity required for a given conversion at constant pressure and temp

Alternative feedstock's, reagents, solvents, products

Enhanced process control

New catalysts

Greater integration of catalysis and reactor engineering: membrane reactors, micro reactors, monolith technology, phenomena integration

Increased use of natural gas and biomass as feedstock

Photodecomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen

Catalysts for depolymerizing polymers for recycle of the monomers

Improvements in fuel cell electrodes and their operation

THANKS FOR PROVIDING THIS OPPURTUNITY AND SPECIAL THANKS TO MY BROTHER V.A.CHAITANYA.

Thank you