The World Bank Group’s Efforts on Science,...

The World Bank Group’s Efforts on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI)

for the SDGs

Public Seminar, WB Tokyo Office

Klaus TilmesNaoto Kanehira

October 22, 2017

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Contents

1. STI for SDGs – Why?

2. The WBG on STI

3. Toward Japan-WBG Partnership on STI

Architecture of Agenda 2030

• 17 Goals, 169 Targets

• Financing for Development (“billions to trillions”)• Science, Technology and Innovation (TFM)• Institutions/capacity building, trade, partnerships, data

Vision

Goals

Means of Implementation

Follow-up and Review Mechanisms

• People• Planet• Prosperity• Peace• Partnerships

• High Level Political Forum (Annual Progress Review)• Global Indicator Framework

4

“Mapping” the UN System’s STI initiatives

• 1,600 STI initiatives, worth 2,600 staff FTE, $1b budget, $120b loans and grants

• 7 agencies host most of the STI initiatives: World Bank, FAO, ITU, WIPO, UNEP, UNESCO and UNIDO

• STI as second “Means of Implementation,” next to Finance for Development

23 commitments related to STI, in Addis Ababa Action Agenda

26 out of the 169 targets on STI, under the 17 SDGs

• 20 UN Agencies, with some known STI involvements

5

Mutually reinforcing domains and instruments of support

Science Innovation Technology

Domains120

80

210mid-scale

infra-scale

small-scale

eGovstat,

landscapeR&D

sci-diplomacy, policy interface

STEM, TVETinnovation ecosystem sector-spec.

innovationsocial/inclusive

innovationscale-agnostic

Instruments

International National Local190

130

70knowledgeproductiondata conve-

ning

norm, policy guideline, standard, tool

secretariat

country diagnostics

technicalassistance len-

ding

protocols

matchmaking, transfer

tech center

incubation, competition

training

$50+m

$~10m$~30m$~50m

$ 5.0+b

$ ~0.1b$ ~0.5b$ ~5.0bAgencies’

budgetRecipients’

loan or grant

6



Domains120

80

210mid-scale

infra-scale

small-scale

eGovstat,

landscapeR&D





Instruments


130


ning


secretariat

country diagnostics


ding

protocols


tech center


training

$50+m

$~10m$~30m$~50m

$ 5.0+b

$ ~0.1b$ ~0.5b$ ~5.0bAgencies’

budgetRecipients’

loan or grant

CGIAR

CGIAR

7



Domains120

80

210mid-scale

infra-scale

small-scale

eGovstat,

landscapeR&D





Instruments


130


ning


secretariat

country diagnostics


ding

protocols


tech center


training

$50+m

$~10m$~30m$~50m

$ 5.0+b

$ ~0.1b$ ~0.5b$ ~5.0bAgencies’

budgetRecipients’

loan or grant

Investments

8



Domains120

80

210mid-scale

infra-scale

small-scale

eGovstat,

landscapeR&D





Instruments


130


ning


secretariat

country diagnostics


ding

protocols


tech center


training

$50+m

$~10m$~30m$~50m

$ 5.0+b

$ ~0.1b$ ~0.5b$ ~5.0bAgencies’

budgetRecipients’

loan or grant

InfoDev, XL Africa

Flagship reports such as Future of Manufacturing

Country projects

9

WB is by far the largest STI development solution provider…

Agencies

Staff FTE Estimated Annual Budget ($m) Recipient Resource ($b)

Estimated Inputs for “Primary” STI initiatives

Grant Loan/credit

84

n.a.

n.a.

281

339

39

44

60

70

129

90 17

122 42

0.01

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

11

-

-

-

-

27.2

0.1 -

0.2 -

InternationalGovernment Local

STIScience

InnovationTechnology

10

…across al SDGs and focusing on direct country support

11

Time to impact… STI as accelerator, but need for change

World Bank

Mobilizing the World Bank Group efforts

12

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Contents


2. The WBG on STI


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CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research)

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|

ID4D (Identification for Development)

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Lack of ID makes it difficult for individuals to...

1.5 billion peopleand 37% of Africans*

are unable to prove their identity

Most unregistered children and adults come from

vulnerable populations: poor rural households,

women, children, refugees, and stateless populations

…which, on a systemic level, results in…

• Economic, political, and social exclusionfor vulnerable populations

• Service delivery and governance challenges: leakages and ineffective targeting in programs

• Consistent difficulty tracking development progress due to unreliable data

Access bank accounts, credit,

or capital

Prove eligibility for health, pension, or social

entitlements

Cross borders legally

Vote in elections

Prove property ownership

or inheritance

IFC VENTURE CAPITAL FUND INVESTS IN LEADING DISRUPTORS IN EMERGING MARKETS

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Market Leading Disruptors

# Active Investments Strategic Approach Geographies Total Reach

FintechbKash

InterswitchFawry

25Digital Finance

Strategy, Fintech Emerge*

Africa, MENA, Asia, LAC

~60M customer accounts reached

E-Commerce (including E-Logistics)

Truck AllianceBigBasketLenskart

10 Logistics, SME Marketplaces

MENA, Asia, LAC

53M consumers served, 3M drivers

employed

Ed-TechAndela

CourseraBridge

4 Africa, SSA 22.3M students

Health Tech Sala UnoNephroplus 5 TechEmerge** Asia, LAC 1.2M patients

Cleantech MicrovastAzure 15 Distributed Solar

StrategyAsia, Africa,

LAC~370 GWh of clean

energy

* Matchmaking program hosted by Fintech team ** Matchmaking program hosted by VC team, matching healthcare startups with large corporates in India.

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Surfacing and incubating breakthrough ideas

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Country Projects – Kenya example

18

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Thought Leadership

20

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Contents


2. The WBG on STI


Strictly Confidential © 2014

日本は民間の自助努力による研究開発で全盛期を築いた

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0

20

40

60

80

100

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Solar panelDVD playerLCD panelDRAM

Hybrid car

Li-ion battery

Car navigation system

Global market share of Japanese manufacturersPercent

2010

“失われた”20年

23


同時期に中国は低賃金労働国から自動化最先進国に

Source: World Bank, Trouble in the Making? Future of Manufacturing-Led Development, 201724

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Smartphone Infrastructure

2017前半：HuaweiがAppleを抜き２位に浮上

2017前半(モバイル): Huawei 30%Ericsson 28%

Nokia 24%

世界でのモバイル・デジタル拡大自体が中国企業の利益


民間研究開発の規模で、間もなく中国は米国に追随

26


産構審/新産業ビジョンのメッセージ…「危機感」

27


産業界の声を集約して出てくる分野別METI施策は国内のみ

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構造的施策も（ほぼ）国内のみ

29


日本企業のGlobal Footprintはアジアで4位、アフリカで僅少… STIによる投資の質の差はあれど、貢献可能性の母数が小さい

Developing Asia Africa

Source: UNCTAD, World Investment Report 2017

Top Investor economies by FDI Stock, 2010 and 2015($bn)

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中国企業：推定10,000社（日本企業約500社）


ビジョンには（根拠はさておき）、国際競争力ないしRelevanceがある

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国内科学コミュニティは、実態が弱くとも意志はある…

100

80

60

40

20

10 20 30 40 50

Proportion of national publication output produced in collaboration with other countries (%)

US

China

UK Germany

Japan

France

S. Africa

SingaporeRussia

Brazil

S. KoreaItaly

IranIndia

Turkey

Number of collaborative papers published per year (1,000 papers; 1996-2008)

32


個社別には例外的に、先進国・途上国双方に向け目覚ましい動きもある

33

トヨタソフトバンク


日本の産業構造を踏まえると、日本企業の国内・海外での振る舞い、開発視点で見た影響と、日本の政策対応は世界のモデルとなりうる

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“Service intensity”

Industries with “triple effects”（日本のSTI牽引業界）

Source: World Bank, Trouble in the Making? Future of Manufacturing-Led Development, 2017

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• 特に国際会議や世銀を通じ主張しなくても国際社会から注目され期待される

• 特にタマを探さなくても輸出競争力のある商品・技術が明白

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SETTING THE STAGE – WHAT IT TAKES高度経済成長期の国斜陽の国

• 担い手の企業・人材が質・量とも圧倒的不足

• 短期的には、貢献が分かりやすく主張できるSTIのタマを探し、吟味して発信する必要

• 国際開発におけるSTI主流化から、日本が

大規模に持続的に裨益するには、実体経済の変容、内向きからの脱却が併せて必要

• これは世銀・財務省のマンデートではないが、世銀のSTI主流化を日本が後押しすることで企業・人材の国際接点を促すことはできる

• 幸い、今はまだ日本のSTIは国際社会から、（過大？）評価と期待を受けている

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Conclusions

1. Invitation to Collaborate

2. Winners and Losers

3. Private Sector Role

The World Bank Group’s Efforts on Science,...

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