The Triumph of IndustryThe Triumph of IndustryChapter 3, Section 1Chapter 3, Section 1

►Great period of industrialization at the end Great period of industrialization at the end of the 19of the 19thth c. c.

► Industrialization transformed the United Industrialization transformed the United States into a world power and changed States into a world power and changed peoplepeople’’s daily livess daily lives

Industry and Technology Advance Industry and Technology Advance RapidlyRapidly

► Coal and steel production skyrocketedCoal and steel production skyrocketed► 10,000+ miles of railroads were built10,000+ miles of railroads were built► Brand-new industries: Electricity and petroleum Brand-new industries: Electricity and petroleum

(Thomas Edison(Thomas Edison’’s light bulb and the phonograph)s light bulb and the phonograph)► When the Civil War began, most Americas were When the Civil War began, most Americas were

farmers. By 1900, only 1 in 4 were farmers.farmers. By 1900, only 1 in 4 were farmers.► Why? AmericaWhy? America’’s natural resources are abundant: s natural resources are abundant:

lumber, coal, oil. lumber, coal, oil. ► Also, million of immigrants provided labor. Also, million of immigrants provided labor. ► Class system: determined by your socio-economic Class system: determined by your socio-economic

status (SES)status (SES)► Result: Mass Result: Mass consumerismconsumerism!!

The Rise of The Rise of ‘‘Big BusinessBig Business ’’►Andrew Carnegie: United StateAndrew Carnegie: United State’’s Steel Corporations Steel Corporation► John D. Rockefeller: Standard OilJohn D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil►Some believed these men stole their wealth by Some believed these men stole their wealth by

paying their workers low wages; others considered paying their workers low wages; others considered them great entrepreneurs them great entrepreneurs

►Big Businesses believed only the fittest (biggest) Big Businesses believed only the fittest (biggest) would survive – would survive – Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism

►Monopoly: A business that would control an entire Monopoly: A business that would control an entire industryindustry

► The Federal government became involved in The Federal government became involved in regulating these industries (regulating these industries (Sherman Anti-trust ActSherman Anti-trust Act))

Workers OrganizeWorkers Organize► Workers in factories worked long hours for low pay Workers in factories worked long hours for low pay

(12 hours a day, 15 cents/hr)(12 hours a day, 15 cents/hr)

► Knights of LaborKnights of Labor organized workers to fight organized workers to fight against big business by including male and female, against big business by including male and female, black and white, skilled and unskilled workersblack and white, skilled and unskilled workers

► KOL rallied for KOL rallied for ““8 hours of work, 8 hours of sleep, 8 hours of work, 8 hours of sleep, and 8 hours for what we willand 8 hours for what we will””

► American Federation of Labor (AFL) focused on American Federation of Labor (AFL) focused on specifics, such as wages, hours, and working specifics, such as wages, hours, and working conditionsconditions

Workers and Big Business ClashWorkers and Big Business Clash

► 1886 Haymarket Riot: During a strike in 1886 Haymarket Riot: During a strike in Chicago, someone threw a bomb at a police Chicago, someone threw a bomb at a police officer, and violence exploded. The officer, and violence exploded. The government arrested 8 anarchists government arrested 8 anarchists (political (political radicals opposed to government) radicals opposed to government)

► 1894 Pullman Strike: The Pullman rail car 1894 Pullman Strike: The Pullman rail car industry had recently cut wages, and many industry had recently cut wages, and many workers refused to work. workers refused to work.

► Result: The government had to send troops Result: The government had to send troops in to protect the railroads.in to protect the railroads.

Witness History CD (Track Witness History CD (Track 13):13):

►Follow along on pg 65Follow along on pg 65►Quick write: Quick write:

What idea was this audio trying to get What idea was this audio trying to get across?across?

Look at the picture on pg 64: What do Look at the picture on pg 64: What do you think the point of this photograph you think the point of this photograph when it was taken?when it was taken?

Self-ReflectionSelf-Reflection

►Read pg68-69 – Andrew CarnegieRead pg68-69 – Andrew Carnegie►Question: Was Carnegie a “Robber Question: Was Carnegie a “Robber

Baron” or “Captain of Industry?” Baron” or “Captain of Industry?” Support your answer with evidence. Support your answer with evidence.

Warm-UpWarm-Up

►Turn to pg 75 of Text►Read “Ellis Island” and answer Qs 1&2►http://

www.history.com/topics/ellis-island/videos#arrival-at-ellis-island

Immigration and Urbanization Immigration and Urbanization (Chapter 3, Section 2)(Chapter 3, Section 2)

►What can you tell about the working What can you tell about the working conditions from the photographs? conditions from the photographs?

►What types of people worked in the What types of people worked in the factories in the 1800s?factories in the 1800s?

► In what ways did factory owners In what ways did factory owners exploit their workers?exploit their workers?

Go to the following lecture…Go to the following lecture…

Warm-Up!Warm-Up!

►Predict what you think life was like for Predict what you think life was like for African Americans after the Civil WarAfrican Americans after the Civil War

►Given your knowledge of America’s Given your knowledge of America’s history of discrimination, how do you history of discrimination, how do you think Native Americans were treated? think Native Americans were treated?

BE SPECIFIC AND EXPLAIN WHYBE SPECIFIC AND EXPLAIN WHY

The South and The South and West TransformedWest Transformed

Chapter 3, Sec 3Chapter 3, Sec 3

The New SouthThe New South► After the Civil War, the South needed to After the Civil War, the South needed to

rebuild the economy, so they focused on rebuild the economy, so they focused on building their manufacturing sectorbuilding their manufacturing sector

► Because Southerners were short on $, they Because Southerners were short on $, they borrowed from Northern bankersborrowed from Northern bankers

► Although the Southern economy grew, it did Although the Southern economy grew, it did not grow as quickly as the Northnot grow as quickly as the North

Southern Farmers Face Difficult Southern Farmers Face Difficult TimesTimes

► Southern farmers were overly dependant on Southern farmers were overly dependant on one crop, cotton, and cottonone crop, cotton, and cotton’’s prices continued s prices continued to dropto drop

Southern Farmers Face Difficult Southern Farmers Face Difficult TimesTimes

► Also, the sharecropping system Also, the sharecropping system contributed to hard times:contributed to hard times:

► Some farmers farmed on other Some farmers farmed on other peoplepeople’’s lands land

► The landowner decided:The landowner decided:► What crop the farmer would What crop the farmer would

grow,grow,► Provided the farmer with a Provided the farmer with a

house, farming equipment, and house, farming equipment, and seeds in exchange for a portion seeds in exchange for a portion of the finished crop of the finished crop

► Many times, the farmers would Many times, the farmers would become indebted to the become indebted to the landownerslandowners

Transformation of the WestTransformation of the WestCh 3.3Ch 3.3

► GOLD! GOLD! In California, Nevada, Colorado, In California, Nevada, Colorado, Montana, Idaho, and South DakotaMontana, Idaho, and South Dakota

► People migrated westward, setting up mining People migrated westward, setting up mining towns, and encouraging railroad constructiontowns, and encouraging railroad construction

Transformation of the WestTransformation of the West

► Railroads transformed a country of isolated Railroads transformed a country of isolated communities to an interconnected nationcommunities to an interconnected nation

► People could easily move west to become People could easily move west to become cowboys, miners, or rancherscowboys, miners, or ranchers

►Page 81: The Sharecropping SystemPage 81: The Sharecropping System

►Draw an illustration for each step of Draw an illustration for each step of the cyclethe cycle

The South and West Transformed worksheet, The South and West Transformed worksheet, ““The Role of RailroadsThe Role of Railroads”” & Textbook pg 85 & Textbook pg 85

Review:Review:

►How did the railroads contribute to the How did the railroads contribute to the development of the West?development of the West?

►What was the significance of cattle to What was the significance of cattle to the Western economy? (see p86)the Western economy? (see p86)

The Government Promotes The Government Promotes AssimilationAssimilation

► Helen Hunt, Helen Hunt, A Century of Dishonor: A Century of Dishonor: Exposed Exposed AmericaAmerica’’s bad Indian policys bad Indian policy

► Dawes Act (1887): destroyed the Indian way Dawes Act (1887): destroyed the Indian way of life by of life by assimilating assimilating them into American them into American society and culture, and divided Indian landssociety and culture, and divided Indian lands

► Massacre at Wounded Knee: The Army killed Massacre at Wounded Knee: The Army killed Indians who took part in a spiritual dance Indians who took part in a spiritual dance called the Ghost Dancecalled the Ghost Dance

For further information turn to page 734 & Read For further information turn to page 734 & Read “I Will Fight No More Forever”“I Will Fight No More Forever”

Cultures Clash in the WestCultures Clash in the West► In the 1830s, Congress ordered the In the 1830s, Congress ordered the

removal of Indians from the removal of Indians from the Southeast (the Indian Removal Act) Southeast (the Indian Removal Act) to present-day Oklahoma to present-day Oklahoma reservationsreservations

► Indians were killed if they did not Indians were killed if they did not leave, and they became leave, and they became impoverishedimpoverished

► In the Battle of Little Bighorn (1876), In the Battle of Little Bighorn (1876), Indians fought the army, lead by Indians fought the army, lead by Gen. Custer. Not a single American Gen. Custer. Not a single American survived Custersurvived Custer’’s last stands last stand

Issues of the Gilded Age 1878-Issues of the Gilded Age 1878-18891889

Chapter 3, Section 4Chapter 3, Section 4► Although industrialization and westward Although industrialization and westward

expansion was occurring, Americans also faced expansion was occurring, Americans also faced many challenges many challenges

Segregation and Social TensionSegregation and Social Tension

► Jim Crow laws called for segregation, lynchingJim Crow laws called for segregation, lynching► In In Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court , the Supreme Court

upheld segregation (Jim Crow laws) as long as it upheld segregation (Jim Crow laws) as long as it was was ““separate but equalseparate but equal””

Segregation and Social TensionSegregation and Social Tension►White Americans overtook Mexican White Americans overtook Mexican

American landsAmerican lands► The Chinese faced job discrimination & The Chinese faced job discrimination &

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

Government CorruptionGovernment Corruption► Politicians bribed people for their supportPoliticians bribed people for their support

Farmers and PopulismFarmers and Populism

► Prices for corn, wheat, and cotton declined, and farmers were in Prices for corn, wheat, and cotton declined, and farmers were in debtdebt

► Farmers formed the Populist Party, calling for government Farmers formed the Populist Party, calling for government regulation of railroads (to lower costs), and the coinage of silver regulation of railroads (to lower costs), and the coinage of silver (to make it easier to pay off their debts) – BIMETALISM (GOLD AND (to make it easier to pay off their debts) – BIMETALISM (GOLD AND SILVER)SILVER)

► William Jennings Bryan ran for the Presidency as a populist. William Jennings Bryan ran for the Presidency as a populist. Although he lost to Although he lost to

McKinley, he appealed directly McKinley, he appealed directly

to the peopleto the people

ClassworkClasswork► Interpreting a Political Cartoon, The Interpreting a Political Cartoon, The

Gilded Age Worksheet Gilded Age Worksheet

HomeworkHomework►Standards Assessment: Standards Assessment: pg 94pg 94►Questions: 1-5 &14 Questions: 1-5 &14

Quick WriteQuick Write::

► You are the mayor of your city. Many of You are the mayor of your city. Many of your friends helped you during your your friends helped you during your campaign, and you got the job partly campaign, and you got the job partly through their efforts. Itthrough their efforts. It’’s time to hire people s time to hire people for prominent city positions. Do you hire for prominent city positions. Do you hire your friends, who now need jobs, or do you your friends, who now need jobs, or do you hire people who are possibly more qualified? hire people who are possibly more qualified?

► Explain your answer in 3-4 sentencesExplain your answer in 3-4 sentences