The transformations of Islamic architecture

To WOMEN with STRENGTH.......................She believed she could, so she did

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 – ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER 4 – CASE STUDIES

CHAPTER 5 – conclusions AND RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………86

Fig. 1-1 The dome of the rock, Jerusalem

Fig. 1-2 a Mina’ I ware bowl

Fig. 1-3 a silk carpet

Fig. 1-4 Taj Mahal , India

Fig. 1-5 Map showing world Muslim population

Fig. 2-1 Map showing Mecca and Medina, Saudi Arabia

Fig. 2-2 A painting of Mecca city in 1778

Fig. 2-3 A diagram showing the five pillars of Islam

Fig. 2-4 A Sketch of a faithful during prayers

Fig. 2-5 An African Muslim woman’s attire

Fig. 2-6 An Arabic Muslim woman attire

Fig. 2-7 Gur-e Amir tomb of Timur (Samarkland)

Fig. 2-8 Yesil Turbe, Bursa

Fig. 2-9 Royal tomb of Askia , Mali.

Fig. 2-10 Elevation of Sulaybiya Mausoleum

Fig. 2-11 Aerial view of Sulaybiya Mausoleum

Fig. 2-12 Plan of Sulaybiya Mausoleum

Fig. 2-13 Section of Sulaybiya Mausoleum

Fig. 2-14 location of Damascus and Medina

Fig. 2-15Sassanian, Jabalieh Dome, Kerman, Iran

Fig. 2-16 Sassanian silver gilt elliptical bowl with a vine scroll, 5th century

B.C

Fig. 2-17 A map showing the spread of the Islamic empire

Fig 2-21The Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain

Fig 2-19 The Great Mosque of Damascus, Syria

Fig 2-20 Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem, Israel

Fig. 2-21 location of Baghdad and Damascus

Fig. 2-53 The Large courtyard of the Sheikh Zayed Mosque.

Fig. 2-22 Abbasid palace, Baghdad, Iraq

Fig. 2-23 The Great Mosque of Samarra, Iraq

Fig. 2-24 Al-Azhar Mosque, Cairo, Egypt.

Fig. 2-25 Al-Aqmar Mosque, Cairo, Egypt.

Fig. 2-26 Al-Hakim Mosque, Cairo, Egypt

Fig. 2-27 Zavareh Mosque, Iran.

Fig. 2-28 Kayseri, Anatolia, Turkey.

Fig. 2-29 Ardestan Mosque, Iran

Fig. 2-30 Caravanserai of Qansuh Al-Ghuri, Cairo, Egypt.

Fig. 2-32 Madrasa and Mausoleum of An-Nasir Muhammad, Cairo, Egypt

Fig. 2-33 Mosque of Muhammad Ali, Cairo, Egypt

Fig. 2-34 Uc Serefeli mosque, Edirne, Turkey

Fig. 2-35 Great mosque, Bursa, Turkey

Fig. 2-36 Hudavandiga mosque, Bursa, Turkey

Fig. 2-37 Mosque of Shaykh Luffallah, Isfahan,

Fig. 2-39 Ali Qapu palace, Isfahan,

Fig. 2-38 Chilhil Sutun, Isfahan, Iran

Fig. 2-40 Khwaju bridge, Isfahan, Iran

Fig. 2-41 The Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia

Fig. 2-42 Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca, Morocco.

Fig. 2-43 Djenne Mosque, Timbuktu, Mali.

Fig. 2-44 Larabanga Mosque of Ghana.

Fig. 2-45 Muammar Gaddafi Mosque, Kampala, Uganda.

Fig. 2-46 Beit el-Amani Peace Memorial Museum, Zanzibar.

Fig. 2-47 Aerial view of Sheikh Zayed Mosque.

Fig. 2-48 Aerial view of Sheikh Zayed Mosque.

Fig. 2-49 Entrance elevation of Sheikh Zayed.

Fig. 2-50 Interior of the Main prayer hall.

Fig. 2-51 A view of the Grand Mosque from the Sheikh Zayed bridge.

Fig. 2-52 The Grand Entrance of the Sheikh Zayed Mosque.

Fig. 2-54 One of the two Women’s prayer hall in the Grand Mosque.

Fig 2-55 The Onion domes and open arches

Fig. 2-56 Street view of (IMA) building.

Fig. 2-57 The southern portion of ( IMA) building

Fig. 2-58 The entrance to the IMA building

Fig. 2-59 The south façade of the southern portion.

Fig. 2-60 The multipurpose space in the Institute.

Fig. 2-61 The Metallic brise soleil system (Musharabiya).

Fig. 2-63 Exterior view of the brise soleil system

Fig. 2-66 The geometric patterns on the

Fig. 2-65 Ground floor plan of the IMA building

Fig. 2-64 The site location of the IMA building.

Fig. 2-67 Section through the IMA building.

Fig. 2-68 Views of the south façade

Fig. 2-69 View of the interior of IMA building

Fig. 4-1 Aerial view of the Faisal Mosque.

Fig. 4-2 picturesque setting of the Faisal Mosque.

Fig. 4-3 The entrance to the courtyard.

Fig. 4-4 The sunken courtyard of the Faisal Mosque.

Fig. 4-5 The constructive form of the Mosque

Fig. 4-6 The view of the courtyard from the Mosque entrance

Fig. 4-7 The Site plan of the Faisal Mosque.

Fig. 4-8 The Ground floor plan of the Faisal Mosque.

Fig. 4-9 The Roof floor plan of the Faisal Mosque.

Fig. 4-10 The arcade on the sunken courtyard.

Fig. 4-12 A section through the entrance courtyard

Fig. 4-11 A view of the interior Main prayer hall.

Fig. 4-12 The Museum of Islamic arts, Doha.

Fig. 4-13 A perspective of the Main building.

Fig. 4-14 Cubist expression of geometric progression.

Fig. 4-15 The curved double staircase on the entrance lobby.

Fig. 4-16 The entrance to the Museum

Fig. 4-17 The atrium in the entrance lobby of the Museum.

Fig. 4-18 The atrium in the entrance lobby.

Fig. 4-19 The Ground floor plan of the Museum

Fig. 4-20 The Faceted dome of the Museum

Fig. 4-21 The atrium of the Museum.

Fig. 4-22 Sections through the Museum

Fig. 4-23 Jamia Mosque (1925)

Fig. 4-24 Jamia Mosque (1960)

Fig. 4-25 Jamia Mosque (1980)

Fig. 4-26 Main entrance to Men’s prayer hall Jamia Mosque

Fig. 4-27 Present day Jamia Mosque.

Fig. 4-28 Courtyard entry of Jamia Mosque Fig. 4-29 Location of Jamia Mosque in Nairobi CBD. Fig. 4-30 The onion silver domes and geometrical patterns on the façade

Fig. 4-31 The two twin minarets of the Mosque

Fig. 4-32 The open canopy of the minarets.

Fig. 4-33 The Mihrab in the Mosque.

Fig. 4-34 The interior perspective of the Men’s prayer hall.

Fig. 4-35 The atrium connecting the original construction to the new

extension.

Fig. 4-36 The Women’s prayer hall on the first level.

Fig. 4-37 The Main entrance elevation.

Fig. 4-38 The Masjidur Rahma.

Fig. 4-39 The Main entrance to Masjidur Rahma.

Fig. 4-40 Location of Masjidur Rahma, Hurlingham, Nairobi.

Fig. 4-41 The gate entrance of the Mosque

Fig. 4-42 Arched openings and a combination of simple and complex

geometric patterns adorn the gate entrance of the Mosque

Fig. 4-43 The square based tapered minaret.

Fig. 4-44 The round ablution pool surrounded by a curved screened wall

Fig. 4-45 The entrance elevation of the mosque with geometrical patterns,

Musharabiya and wooden arched openings.

Fig. 4-46 The Musharabiya screens provide shade and privacy

Fig. 4-47 Large Arched wooden windows with musharabiya screens

Fig. 4-48 A perspective of the Main prayer hall and the Mihrab

Fig. 4-49 The Musharabiya screen on the Mihrab (Geometric patterns,

calligraphy

Fig. 4-50 The dome directly above the ornamented Mihrab on the Qibla

wall.

Fig 4- 51 The richly ornamented dome interior and the exterior dome roof

system with openings for ventilation.

Fig. 5-1 A basic rectangular courtyard form.

Fig. 5-2 section through a basic courtyard form.

Fig. 5-3Types of courtyard forms.

Fig. 5-4 An eight pointed star.

Fig. 5-5 An eight pointed star.

Fig. 5-6 A Six pointed star.

Fig. 5-7 A Seven pointed star.

Fig. 5-8 A Nine pointed star.

Fig. 5-9 A Ten pointed star.

Fig. 5-10 A n Eleven pointed star.

Fig. 5-11 A Twelve pointed star.

Fig. 5-12 A Thirteen pointed star.

Fig. 5-13 A Fourteen pointed star.

Fig. 5-14 A Sixteen pointed star.

Fig. 5-15 A table showing the evolution of geometric designs.

Fig. 5-16 Palm in Umayyad Mosque(Umayyad)

Fig 5-17 Mihrab of Cordoba

Fig. 5-18 Mihrab of Al-Azhar Mosque (Fatimid)

Fig. 5-19 Evolution of vegetal designs.

Fig. 5-20 late Il-Khanid moulded tile

Fig 5-21 Al-Nasir Muhammad Ibn Qalawun Madrasa (Mamluk)

Fig 5-22 A Portal in Shah Mosque (safavid)

Fig 5-23 Selimiye Pasa Complex (Ottoman)

Fig 5-24 2 dimensional Islamic calligraphy.

Fig 5-25 3 dimensional Islamic calligraphy.

Fig 5-26 Types of Kufic calligraphy

Fig 5-27 Kufic calligraphy

Fig 5-28 Naskh calligraphy.

Fig 5-29 Nasta’liq calligraphy

Fig 5-30 Diwani calligraphy

Fig 5-31 Bee hive dome.

Fig 5-32 Compound dome

Fig 5-33 Cross arched dome.

Fig 5-34 Hemispherical dome.

Fig 5-35 Onion dome.

Fig 5-36 Oval dome.

Fig 5-37 Saucer dome.

Fig 5-38 Umbrella dome.

Fig 5-39 Parabolic dome.

Fig 5-40 Horse shoe arches.

Fig 5-41 Horseshoe arch.

Fig 5-42 Transverse arches.

Fig 5-43 Types of Pointed acrhes.

Fig 5-44 Types multi foil arches.

Fig 5-45 Square minarets.

Fig 5-46 Cylindrical shaft minarets

Fig 5-47 Polygonal shaft minarets.