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![Page 1: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The third dimension in GIS:The third dimension in GIS:Practical issues and Future trendsPractical issues and Future trends
Presented during CSI-2011 at Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011
Dr. PK SrivastavaDr. PK Srivastava
MD, GeoSpatial Delhi LtdMD, GeoSpatial Delhi Ltd
![Page 2: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OverviewOverview
• Definitions
• Data sources and examples
• Visualisation of elevation
![Page 3: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Definition of heightDefinition of height
![Page 4: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Direction of verticalDirection of vertical
Figure 8.2
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Deflection of the verticalDeflection of the vertical
![Page 6: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Data sources and examplesData sources and examples
• Global topography
• CartoDEM
• LunarDEM
• Laser mapping
![Page 7: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Global topographyGlobal topography
![Page 8: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
National DEM from Cartosat-1
• Study team considered three approaches :
– Approach 1,2 COTS-based, – Approach 3 Indigenous (2006)
using Augmented SST & High Density image matching (Approved)
• Refined specifications & Objective: ~10m DEM seamless homogenous with coregistered 2.5m orthoimage
– Segment-based production (ASST)
– Strip-level mosaicing– Quality Verification & Editing– Tile archival & Dissemination
Ortho-Image Hilly Terrain Near Jammu
DEM
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DEM REPRESENTATION OF SONAMARG AREA IN SRINAGAR
![Page 10: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Perspective view of Sonamarg
![Page 11: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
DEM generated for Himalayan region using new image matching algorithm
LEGEND SSTS run using GCPS collected from neighboring segment Not processed Outside India Completed
Note : SSTS in the southern generated using GCPL library (pink color in this region represents non availability of cloud free data )
![Page 12: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
LunarDEM and Lunar Mapping
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Part of Mare OrientaleOrthoimage Color Coded DEM Contour Image
Strip width: 20 km Strip length: 65 km
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Ortho-Image, DEM and Color Coded DEMOrbit Number: 798; DOP: 13 Jan. 2009
-8000 Km 8000 Km
Ortho DEM Color CodedDEM
Detailed View
0 3 Km
Height Range: - 4386 to + 4120 m
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LiDAR
• LiDAR is technology that uses lasers to measure objects
• Each beam hitting the ground returns the X, Y and Z (elevation) coordinate at that location
• Accuracy of each position is accurate within centimeters
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Aerial coverage
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LiDAR coverage
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Visualisation of ElevationVisualisation of Elevation
• Cartographic presentations
• Contours
• Built up area models in GIS
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Colorcoded Raster DEMColorcoded Raster DEM
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Hillshade
Elevation raster with hillshade
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Slope
• Slope identifies the steepest downhill slope for a location on a surface
• Higher the slope value, the steeper the terrain
• Slope can be expressed as degrees or percent
• Formula: Percent Slope = (Rise/Run) * 100
• Slope approaches ∞ as the angle reaches 90°
An example: 100’
(100/100) * 100 = 100% Slope
45°
100’
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Percent slope
Percent slope with hillshade
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Slope Variations in color result from
hillshade
Percent slope with hillshade
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Percent slope viewed in 3-dimensions
Percent slope with hillshade
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Aspect Defined
• Aspect is the direction that a slope or hill faces
• Potentially significant as a restoration tool to identify species appropriate for certain faces
![Page 26: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Aspect
Percent slope viewed in 3-dimensions
Percent slope with hillshade
![Page 27: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Aspect
Percent slope viewed in 3-dimensions
Percent slope with hillshade
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Contours
![Page 29: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Digital Elevation Models
888.40 890.32 891.78 891.38 892.78 893.81
887.50 889.10 890.36 890.21 893.47 892.57
884.75 887.85 888.45 887.78 890.40 892.59
885.35 886.12 884.35 886.52 891.54 894.75
888.37 887.30 886.67 888.55 898.40 895.54
5’
898.40 884.52 884.32 889.54 896.35 895.35
0’ 0’ 5’
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Digital Elevation Models
893.81 891.78 892.78 890.32 891.38 888.4 888.40 890.32 891.78 891.38 892.78 893.81 893.47
892.57 890.36 890.21 889.1 887.5 887.50 889.10 890.36 890.21 893.47 892.57 892.59
894.75 890.898. 888.45 887.85 900 4 887.78 884.75 887.85 888.45 887.78 890.40 892.59 895.54 884.75
891.54 896.35 886.12 895
885.35 886.12 884.35 886.52 891.54 894.75 886.52 885.38 895.35 88.3 A 888.55 884.35 887.3
886.67 7 890 888.37 887.30 886.67 888.55 898.40 895.54 889.54
B 888.4
898.40 884.52 884.32 889.54 896.35 884.52 885
895.35 884.32 C
D Elevation grid 880
E 875
F 2
3 4 5 6 Extrusion of grid values
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Digital Elevation Models
888.40 890.32 891.78 891.38 892.78 893.81
887.50 889.10 890.36 890.21 893.47 892.57 900
884.75 887.85 888.45 887.78 890.40 892.59 895
885.35 886.12 884.35 886.52 891.54 894.75
A 890 888.37 887.30 886.67 888.55 898.40 895.54
B 885
898.40 884.52 884.32 889.54 896.35 895.35 C
880 Elevation grid D
E 875
2 3 F 5 6
Continuous elevation surface
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White modelWhite model
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Generic modelGeneric model
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Textured modelTextured model
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• Gopaldas.avi
Shortcut to Gopaldas.avi.lnk
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1,000,000 Graticule extent (LCC/TM) with 1 :250k Grids
1:1000,000
1:250,000
Polar Stereographic Projection for latitudes between 70 and90
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Typical Chandrayaan-1 Topo Ortho-image Map
![Page 40: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Part of PLASKETT Crater Viewed by Chandrayaan-1 TMC from 200 kmOrbit No.:2714; DOP: 22-06-2009; Ascending
FORE NADIRAFT Detailed View
0 4 Km
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Mandate - To Design, Develop, Procure and Integrate Hardware and Software for a complete INSAT Data
Processing facility at IMD, Delhi
KALPANA-1 & INSAT- 3A ( VHRR & CCD)• Installed and operational at BES & IMD on 24 x 7
(SAT Completed)• Data Acquisition and Quick Look Display• Data Products Generation• Geophysical Parameters (AMV,OLR,UTH,QPE,CMV/WVWV, SST, AOD, NDVI)
INSAT Meteorological Data Processing System(IMDPS) INSAT Meteorological Data Processing System(IMDPS)
![Page 42: The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022013011/56649ddf5503460f94ad8670/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
IMDPS Activity ScheduleIMDPS Activity Schedule
• INSAT 3D Design Review for DAQLS and DP elements : Jan 2007 • ATBD for 21 Geo-physical parameters completed : Mar 2007• Discussion on GPR (with IMD) is completed : Dec 2008• All Procurements of Target Hardware including SIDS : Completed
Hardware Shipment to IMD (DAQLS, DPPR) : Completed DAQLS (K1,3A) : Completed UPS Installation at IMD : Completed Networking at IMD : Completed System Procurement & Installation at IMD :
Completed• Infrastructure Readiness at IMD : Ready • Algorithm Theoretical Basis Definition (ATBD) : Completed• Design Review & Prototype development : Completed• INSAT 3D Software Development : In final stages• Factory Acceptance (FAT) at SAC : Completed• System Integration and SAT (K1,3A) : Completed • Software & Hardware Training : completed • Operationalization at IMD (24 x 7) : Completed (K1 & 3A) • SAT at IMD with INSAT-3D : Launch + 6 Months • GP Products Validation : 3A/K1 : In Progress
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Switch to Demo of Terrain visualisation
This software is developed in-house by carrying out low level programming of graphics card as a visualisation and
analysis tool