THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF

VERSAILLES1919

Germany had to accept blame for starting WW1

- Army restricted to 100,000 men.

- No modern weapons such as tanks, military air force.

- Navy 15,000 men

- Germany lost national territory which was given to Belgium and Denmark, most went to Poland.

Germany forced to pay massive fine for war damages

The Treaty was designed to cripple Germany militarily, territorially and economically

THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF

VERSAILLES1919

WAR GUILT CLAUSE

GERMAN NATIONAL TERRITORY

GERMANY’S MILITARY FORCES REDUCED

Germany lost her overseas colonies

NO UNION WITH AUSTRIA

REPARATIONS

Germany had to accept blame for starting WW1

- Army restricted to 100,000 men.

- No modern weapons such as tanks, military air force.

- Navy 15,000 men

- Germany lost national territory which was given to Belgium and Denmark, most went to Poland.

RHINELAND TO BE DE-MILITARISED

Germany forced to pay massive fine for war damages

The Treaty was designed to cripple Germany militarily, territorially and economically

The Ruhr Invasion 1923France accuses Germany of not paying off the debt.

, 1923-France sent French and Belgium troops into Ruhr.

Ruhr was the industrial center of Germany.

German government stops paying the debt and asks workers to passively resist the troops.

Hyperinflation: extreme or excessive inflation.

Hyperinflation Facts

Butter increased from 100,000 to 500,000 from morning to afternoon.

Workers were paid twice a day to buy food before prices rise.

Economic Turmoil

• Hitler and the Nazi Party took advantage of the widespread unemployment and Inflation

• Declared that it is the responsibility of the state to provide every citizen with an opportunity to earn a living.

• Legacy of Authoritarian rule p. 174• Create your notes

Democracy is slow in crisis

• In times of crisis, citizens desire direct and immediate action

• In times of chaos , citizens may seek out other political leaders who promise simple, quick and seemingly effective solutions.

• *** Ideology and liberal principles may seem less important when survival is at risk.

Nationalism, Militarism and Law and Order

• Unification and the stifling of Dissent• Joining together of all German people• Military tradition • The Nazi’s advocated law and order which

appealed to many Germans.• Hitler capitalized on the fear of the great

depression• A strong government was needed to handle

the economic chaos.

Assignment: The Program of the Nazi Party• Read page 176• Questions 1,2 and 3• Images of the fascist state. (omit)

Theories of Racial Superiority and the use of Jews and others as Scapegoats

• Aryan Race: “pure race” (to avoid what they considered the "worst of the German race" and to preserve the purity of European blood.)

• Jews were blamed for many problems including Versailles and the exploitation of the working classes by banks and industry.

• anti-Semitism: is prejudice against or hostility towards Jews, often rooted in hatred of their ethnic background, culture, or religion

Poster: "Behind the enemy powers: the Jews"Nazi propaganda often portrayed Jews as engaged in a conspiracy to provoke war. Here, a stereotyped Jew conspires behind the scenes to control the Allied powers, represented by the British, American, and Soviet flags.Power of propaganda

Notes to follow the film

How has the political landscape changed ffrom the election of 1919 to 1932?

• the Reichstag burned down, creating an opportunity for Hitler

– Blame was placed on the communist

• the Nazis still failed to gain a majority in subsequent elections, but they with their supporters pushed thru the Enabling Law

• Hindenburg was forced to appoint Hitler as Chancellor

Reichstag fire

The Reichstag in Berlin today.

Hitler's Enabling Act On March 23, 1933, the newly elected members of the German Parliament (the Reichstag) met in Berlin to consider passing Hitler's Enabling Act. If passed, it would effectively mean the end of democracy in Germany and establish the legal dictatorship of Hitler.

The Enabling Act 1933

• Restricted personal freedom, freedom of press, freedom of organization and assembly

• Pass legislation without the approval of the Reichstag

• Ban all political parties except the Nazi party

By the summer of 1934, Hitler had decided that Röhm was a 'threat' and he made a pact with the army. If Röhm and the other SA leaders were removed, the rank and file SA men would come under the control of the army but the army would have to swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler.

On the night of June 29th - June 30th 1934, units of the SS arrested the leaders of the SA and other political opponents.

The Night of the Long Knives

How has the cartoonist portrayed the Knight of the Long Knives?

Herman Goring military

Joseph Goebbels Propaganda

Ernst Rohm and the SA

– a massive state propaganda program was implemented. Example: Nuremberg Rallies• Unacceptable ideas were

stamped out – the “Burning of the Books”

The site of “burning of the books” and the empty book shelves.

Kristallnacht, "the Night of Broken Glass."

Germans freely attacked Jews in the street, in their homes and at their places of work and worship.

More than 1,000 synagogues were burned and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed, cemeteries and schools were vandalized, and 30,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps

HITLERBECAMECHANCELLORJan. 30th 1933

OATH OFLOYALTY

TOHITLER

August 2nd 1934

THE NIGHTOF THELONG

KNIVESJune1st 1934

Rohm

THEENABLING

ACTMarch 23 1933

THE REICHSTAGFIREFeb.27th 1933

DEATH OFPRESIDENT

HINDENBURGAugust 2nd 1934

The 1936 Olympic Stadium where the Nazi’s put their “nation” on display.

Some Humanity in the face of hypocrisy1936 Luz Long vs Jesse Owens

• Pierre de Coubertin medal

(True Spirit of Sportsmanship Medal)

• Ambassador of Sports” — in 1955.

Nazism and the German Economy

• Big business supported the Fascist• Massive construction projects such as the

Autobahnenns ( highways)• Rearming of the German military• Workers had few rights• Industry was regulated ( regulated Private

Enterprise)

Big Business-State-Military PartnershipCooperation between these aspects of society

RacismSuperiority of the Aryan race, anti-Semitism, eugenics

Leadership:Germany is Hitler, Hitler is GermanyTotal allegiance