The Sub-State District/Regional Council as a Geospatial Unit of Analytical Geography for the United...
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Transcript of The Sub-State District/Regional Council as a Geospatial Unit of Analytical Geography for the United...
The Sub-State District/Regional Council
as a Geospatial Unit of Analytical Geography
for the United States
by Thomas J. Christoffel, AICP, FeRSA
Regional Intelligence – Regional Communities, LLC
50th Annual meeting of the
Southern Regional Science Association
New Orleans, Louisiana
March 25, 2011
The Regional Analysis Problem
� Regional analysis in the United States is limited by
the Federal Information Processing Standards
(FIPS) codes created in the 1960’s.� State FIPS codes were assigned alphabetically for states beginning with 01 for Alabama.
� Within states, counties and comparable geographies were also done alphabetically beginning with 01 then 03 – new county option.
� Tyranny of the Alphabet – Easy to find individual state or county data in a list, but not to relate one jurisdiction to another in a table or spreadsheet.
Example: FIPS Code and Spatial Relationships for States Compared
Metropolitan Statistical Areas
� Regional aggregation was done in the establishment of Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA), which were coded separately.
� Many of these regions matched the geography of the Metropolitan Councils of Government of that time.
� That is no longer true. And the non-metro counties are out in the analytic cold.
MSA Limitations
� The relationships which define MSAs, primarily workforce commuting, led to their widening over time to include more jurisdictions.
� Since the geographic base changes over time, there is no option for long term analysis of change on a standard multi-jurisdictional regional geography.
� MSA totals obscure differences within the underlying territory, which has lead to faulty analysis.
� Development of Micropolitan Areas is not a solution.
Virginia Planning Districts – Region Numbers Have Worked Like a FIPS Code Since 1968
United States Country Geo-code – 5140In Global Geo-code Proposal
� Next step is a geo-code for each State.
� The U.S. Census Bureau has defined regions and divisions.
� This framework was used to develop NSEW State geo-codes beginning in the Northeast and moving south.
State Geo-codes – USA - What does this accomplish? Difference – Maine is 01 compared to FIPS 23; Alabama is
21 compared to 01
Division Geo-code Region/ State Abr. FIPS 1. New England Northeast/ 01 Maine ME 23 02 New Hampshire NH 33 03 Vermont VT 50 04 Massachusetts MA 25 05 Rhode Island RI 44 06 Connecticut CT 09 2. Middle Atlantic Northeast / 07 New York NY 36 08 New Jersey NJ 34 09 Pennsylvania PA 42 3. South Atlantic South / 10 Delaware DE 10 11 Maryland MD 24 12 District of Columbia DC 11 13 Virginia VA 51 14 West Virginia WV 54 15 North Carolina NC 37 16 South Carolina SC 45 17 Georgia GA 13 18 Florida FL 12 4. East South Central South / 19 Kentucky KY 21 20 Tennessee TN 47 21 Alabama AL 01 22 Mississippi MS 28
Division Geo-code Region/ State Abr. FIPS 5. West South Central South / 23 Louisiana LA 22 24 Arkansas AR 05 25 Oklahoma OK 40 26 Texas TX 48 6. East North Central Midwest / 27 Michigan MI 26 28 Ohio OH 39 29 Indiana IN 18 30 Illinois IL 17 31 Wisconsin WI 55 7. West North Central Midwest/ 32 Minnesota MN 27 33 North Dakota ND 38 34 South Dakota SD 46 35 Iowa IA 19 36 Nebraska NE 31 37 Missouri MO 29 38 Kansas KS 20 8. Mountain West/ 39 Montana MT 30 40 Wyoming WY 56 41 Idaho ID 16 42 Nevada NV 32 43 Utah UT 49 44 Colorado CO 08 45 New Mexico NM 35 46 Arizona AZ 04 9. Pacific West/ 47 Alaska AK 02 48 Washington WA 53 49 Oregon OR 41 50 California CA 06 51 Hawaii HI 15
Quick look at Substate Districts/RCs01. Maine 02. New Hampshire
03. Vermont 04. Massachusetts
05. Rhode Island 06. Connecticut
07. New York 08. New Jersey
09. Pennsylvania 10. Delaware
11. Maryland 12. District of Columbia
13. Virginia 14. West Virginia
15. North Carolina 16. South Carolina
17. Georgia 18. Florida
19. Kentucky 20. Tennessee
21. Alabama 22. Mississippi
23. Louisiana 24. Arkansas
25. Oklahoma 26. Texas
27. Michigan 28. Ohio
29. IndianaRC gaps (left) filled by MPO (right))
30. IllinoisLooks complex (left) but general alignment to DOT Districts (right)
31. Wisconsin 32. Minnesota
33. North Dakota 34. South Dakota
35. Iowa 36. Nebraska
37. Missouri 38. Kansas
39. Montana 40. Wyoming
41. Idaho 42. Nevada
43. Utah 44. Colorado
45. New Mexico 46. Arizona
47. Alaska 48. Washington
49. Oregon 50. California
51. Hawaii U.S. All at once
How do geo-codes enable region-building for analysis?
Example: Mid-Atlantic Region with Regional Councils as the Unit of Analysis State Codes 5140-08 NJ to 5140-14 WV
Mid-Atlantic Change by Regional Council Region – Richmond Region in its Mid-Atlantic Context, not just Virginia
% change – provides a different picture .
Loss of countryside –viewshed? Region land area less Federal and State Lands – including Urban Areas
Overall density in 2005 drops when Urban areas pull ed out – with time series we could see better the sprawls as buil d out occurs.
Goals of this PresentationThe purpose of this paper is to:
� Present this effort to researchers and practitioners
� To find people who may be interested in this project for analysis of other multi-jurisdictional regions in state or multi-state geographies and
�To increase visibility of regional council geography and organizations in the U.S. As geo-political regions, they can also be used as regional communities to be taken into account for redistricting for State Houses and Congressional Districts.
Thank you!
Regional Intelligence – Regional Communities, LLC
Tom (Thomas J.) Christoffel, AICP, FeRSA, Editor
Regional Community Development News
P.O. Box 1444
Front Royal, Virginia (VA 22630), USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone or fax: 1-540-635-8582
Web: http://ri-rc.com
The “Regions Work” Initiative © 1998