The student actively engages in investigations, including developing

questions, gathering and analyzing data, and designing and conducting research.

Practice Item

Carla measured the fuel efficiency of three grades

of gasoline with different octane ratings and recorded

her results in the table.

Practice ItemThis chart shows how one family spends their income.What portion of their income is spent on food, rent, and other bills?

Practice Item

Practice ItemThe two graphs show motion, which is a change in position over time. Which graph shows the greatest change in position?

Which graph shows the most time having passed?Which graph shows the greatest speed?

The student actively engages in using technological tools and mathematics in their

own scientific investigations.

Practice Item

Which instrument would be best to use to measure 212 milliliters of a liquid?A) beakerB) test tubeC) Erlenmeyer flaskD) graduated cylinder

Practice Item

An object is lifted to the top of a bookcase. Which instrument would be best used to measure the force required to lift the object?A)A stopwatchB)A meter stickC)A spring scaleD)A pressure gauge

The student understands that atoms, the fundamental organizational unit of

matter, are composed of subatomic particles. Chemists are primarily

interested in the protons, electrons, and neutrons found in an atom.

Practice ItemA neutral atom of gold (Au) has a mass number of 197 and has 118 neutrons. Howmany electrons does this gold atom have?

A) 79 electronsB) 118 electronsC) 197 electronsD) 315 electrons

Practice ItemA neutral atom of potassium (K) has a mass number of 39. It has 19 protons. Howmany neutrons does this K atom have?

A) 58 neutronsB) 19 neutronsC) 39 electronsD) 20 electrons

Practice Item

This Bohr model indicates that this is an atom of:

A)BromineB)RheniumC)ZincD)Boron

Practice Item

In this model, the atomic mass would be:

A)30B)35C)67D)65

Practice Item

In this model, the number of valence electrons is:

A)30B)2C)8D)35

Practice Item

In this model, the total number of electrons is:

A)30B)2C)8D)35

Practice Item

Scientists use the electron cloud model to describe atomic structure. According to this model, which feature of an atom is described by probabilities?

A)charge of electronsB)mass of an electronC)number of electronsD)location of electron

The student understands chemists use kinetic and potential energy to explain the physical and chemical properties of matter on Earth that may exist in any of these three states:

solids, liquids, and gases.

Practice ItemOf these states of matter, the state of matter with the most energy is

A) solidB) liquidC) gasD) plasma

Practice ItemIce floats on water because

A) ice is less dense than waterB) water is less dense than iceC) ice has undergone a chemical changeD) water takes up more room than ice

Practice ItemIn order to cause a substance to undergo a phase change, what must happen?

A) Energy must be added or taken away.B) A chemical change must take place.C) Cold must be added or taken away.D) Nothing has to happen.

Practice ItemWhat type of energy is stored in chemical bonds?

A) kineticB) nuclearC) potentialD) gravitational

Practice ItemWhat causes water to “bead up” on surfaces?

A) Water is nonpolar causing the molecules to cling together.B) Water is ionic, meaning it is made of charged particles.C) Water is magnetic, attracting other water molecules with magnetism.D) Water is polar because it does not share electrons evenly.

The student understands the periodic table lists elements according to increasing atomic

number. This table organizes physical and chemical trends by groups, periods, and sub-

categories.

Practice ItemWhich trend is observed when moving from left to right in the second row of the periodic table, beginning with lithium (Li) and ending with neon (Ne)?

A) The atomic mass increases by one with each element.B) The number of energy levels increases by one with each element.C) The atomic radius increases by one with each element.D) The number of electrons in the outer shell increases by one with each element.

Practice ItemSome elements have two electrons in their outermost electron energy level. Which describes the most likely location of these elements on the periodic table?

A)second column from the leftB)second row from the topC)second column from the rightD)second row from the bottom row

Practice Item

Which element will most likely act as a cation in an ionic bond?

A)argon (Ar)B)oxygen (O)C)calcium (Ca)D)bromine (Br)

• The student understands chemical bonds result when valence electrons are transferred or shared between atoms. • Breaking a chemical bond requires energy. • Formation of a chemical bond releases energy.• Ionic compounds result from atoms transferring electrons (NaCl). • Molecular compounds result from atoms sharing electrons (H2O).

Practice ItemSalt, NaCl, is held together by what type of chemical bond?

A) Ionic, metal and nonmetalB) Covalent, two metalsC) Covalent, two nonmetalsD) Ionic, two nonmetals

Practice ItemWhy is it harder to melt salt (NaCl) than sugar (C6H12O6)?

A) Ionic bonds are harder to break because they are not sharing electrons.B) Ionic bonds are harder to break because they are sharing electrons.C) Salt is not harder to melt.D) Covalent bonds are harder to break because they are sharing electrons.

Practice ItemBased on its position on the periodic table, which element is most likely to form a negatively charged ion?

A) gold (Au)B) neon (Ne)C) barium (Ba)D) chlorine (Cl)

•The student understands a chemical reaction occurs when one or more substances (reactants) react to form a different chemical substance(s) (products). •There are different types of chemical reactions, all of which demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy.

Practice ItemThe chemical equation below shows the decomposition of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) intosodium nitrite (NaNO2) and oxygen gas (O2).

One mole of O2 has a mass of 32 g. If 1.0 mole of NaNO3 decomposes completely, howmany grams of O2 are produced?A) 0.5 gB) 1.0 gC) 16.0 gD) 32.0 g

The student understands Newton’s Laws and variables of time, position,

velocity, and acceleration can be used to describe the position and motion of

particles.

Practice ItemAn object is pushed with a force and begins

to move across a frictionless surface.Which best describes the object's motion

after the force stops acting?

A) constant velocityB) increasing velocityC) variable accelerationD) decreasing acceleration

• The student understands the first law of thermodynamics states the total internal energy of a substance (the sum of all the kinetic and potential energies of its constituent molecules) will change only if heat is exchanged with the environment or work is done on or by the substance. • In any physical interaction, the total energy in the universe is conserved.

Practice ItemThe diagram below shows a pendulum at two different positions in its path. The pendulum started from rest in position 1.Which best describes the energy change as the pendulum moves from position 1 to position 2?

A) The total energy is decreasing.B) The kinetic energy is increasing.C) The thermal energy is decreasing.D) The potential energy is increasing.

The student understands waves have energy and can transfer energy when

they interact with matter.

Practice ItemWhich lists the colors of visible light in order from shortest wavelength to longest wavelength?

A) blue, green, red, yellowB) red, yellow, green, blueC)blue, green, yellow, redD) yellow, red, green, blue

Watch These to Learn About Light:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=cJXFRP3uaEUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=WNwJOg1sVQg&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=QFwy_7PFL88&feature=related

Watch These to Learn About Color:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=msf-DbYif-4&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=msf-DbYif-4&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=Sbjuv-meMh8&feature=related

Watch These to Learn About WAVES:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=LCNJH5XsQ68&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=7gSLAxDHhEk&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=rJtzz4lZxig&feature=related

The Doppler Effect of Sound (and, Duh, Light) Waves

Watch this: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-t63xYSgmKE

And this: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Man9ulEYSgk&feature=related

And this: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCzhXzF0yec&feature=related

And this: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mUjM1qMaa8&feature=related

The student understands electromagnetic waves result when a

charged particle is accelerated or decelerated.

Practice ItemStars emit wave energy as electromagnetic radiation. Which statement best explains the origin of these waves?A) Accelerated electrons give off energy of various wavelengths.B) Electrons that maintain constant kinetic energy give off waves with constant wavelengths.C) Accelerated neutrons give off energy at constant wavelengths.D) Neutrons that maintain maximum kinetic energy give off waves with maximum wavelengths.

The student understands the theory of Plate Tectonics explains that internal

energy drives the earth’s ever-changing structure.

Early Earth and Plate TectonicsWatch this: http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=QDqskltCixA&feature=PlayList&p=877A885270E4BD0F&index=0&playnext=1

Show convection currents (tube or aquarium)

Practice ItemEach type of tectonic plate movement causes characteristic land forms. Which type of plate movement can form a rift valley?

A) collision of two tectonic platesB) divergence of two tectonic platesC) two plates slipping past each otherD) subduction of one plate under another

The student understands the relationship between the earth, moon,

and sun explains the seasons, tides, and moon phases.

What Causes Seasons?Bill Nye: http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=YUrxRhQYdO4

Practice ItemWhich contributes most to cooler winter temperatures in the northern hemisphere?

A) Earth is at its greatest distance from the sun.B) Incoming solar radiation is spread over a larger surface area.C) The northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun.D) More solar radiation is reflected by Earth's upper atmosphere.

The student understands stellar evolution.

Hertzprung-Russell Diagram of Stellar Evolutionhttp://aspire.cosmic-ray.org/labs/star_life/

hr_interactive.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Z4l6jqKL5Qo

Practice Item

Which stellar object has the greatest density?

A) red giantB) supernovaC) white dwarfD) neutron star

The student understands technology is the application of scientific knowledge

for functional purposes.

Practice ItemAll of the following technological advances resulted from discoveries in the field of biology except

A) vaccines.B) antibiotics.C) x-ray imaging.D) genetic sequencing.