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Honors Biology 2006-2007
The Structure of RNA
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Honors Biology 2006-2007
Quick Review § What do we know about DNA structure? § What do we know about DNA function? § What do we know about DNA replication?
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Honors Biology 2006-2007
What do we know? § DNA contains genetic information
“transforming” factor
§ Metabolic pathways are controlled by enzymes enzymes are proteins
§ How do we move information from �DNA to proteins?
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Honors Biology 2006-2007
The “Central Dogma” § Flow of genetic information in a cell
How do we move information from DNA to proteins?
transcription translation
replication
protein RNA DNA trait
DNA gets all the glory,
but proteins do all the work!
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Honors Biology 2006-2007
The Big Picture
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Honors Biology 2006-2007
RNA is the Key! § Traits, like eye color, are
determined by proteins that are coded in DNA.
Our cells, however, need a “secret decoder ring” to express the code……….
AND, we need to get the instructions on how to make the protein from the nucleus and to the ribosomes.
ENTER: Ribonucleic Acid
(RNA)
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Honors Biology 2006-2007
Protein Production § DNA molecules provide the
instructions for making proteins
§ BUT, RNA molecules are what build the proteins based on those instructions.
The workers for Protein Synthesis are RNA molecules.
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Honors Biology 2006-2007
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Honors Biology 2006-2007
RNA Structure § RNA structure differs from DNA
structure in 3 ways:
1. RNA is single stranded 2. RNA is composed of the sugar
Ribose 3. In RNA, a new base Uracil
replaces Thymine
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Honors Biology 2006-2007
RNA Nitrogen Bases § Both RNA and DNA contain four nitrogen bases,
but instead of Thymine, RNA contains Uracil (U)
Uracil forms a base pair with Adenine, just as Thymine does in DNA.
§ RNA: U - A § DNA: T - A
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Honors Biology 2006-2007
DNA vs. RNA Venn DNA RNA
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Honors Biology 2006-2007
Types of RNA Molecules § 3 types of RNA molecules help to build proteins:
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): “the messenger”
– Runs information from DNA in the nucleus to cytoplasm.
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): “the builder”
– Clamps onto the mRNA and use its information to assemble the amino acids in the correct order.
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA): “the transporter”
– Transports amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into protein.
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Honors Biology 2006-2007
Where’s RNA?
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Honors Biology 2006-2007