the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air...
-
Upload
lauren-paul -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air...
![Page 1: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place
depends on:
•amount of clouds•temperature
•air pressure •wind
•amount of moisture
![Page 4: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
•A thick blanket of gases surrounding the Earth
•composed of AIR (a mixture of gases)
•Makes conditions on Earth suitable for life
![Page 5: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nitrogen (N) 78%
Oxygen (O) 21%
Also, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), H2O Vapor, and Argon (Ar) in small amounts
![Page 8: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Nitrogen
•Essential to living things•Used to grow & repair cells
•Cannot obtain N2 from the air-bacteria fix nitrogen in soil for use
![Page 9: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Oxygen
•Essential to living things & some non living
•Combustion•Oxidation (rusting)
•Molecule O2 or O3
![Page 10: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3 oxygen atoms bonded together
O is an atom of Oxygen (O)
O2 is atmospheric Oxygen (O-O)
O3 is ozone (O-O-O)
![Page 11: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
•Absorbs 99% of harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun
•ozone layer is about 10 to 20 km thick
•thinning is the result of chloroflorocarbons (CFC’s) containing chlorine, fluorine, and carbon
![Page 12: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Carbon Dioxide•CO2
•Essential to life•Plants rely for food•Animals-waste product•Released during combustion•Excess may contribute to
global warming
![Page 13: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Water Vapor•Water as a gas H20
•Invisible•Amount varies by time & place•Forms clouds during
condensation
![Page 14: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Particles in Air•Air in nature is not pure•Contains tiny particles of:
•Dust•Smoke•Salt
![Page 15: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Smog
•Smoke & fog•1st used to describe air
pollution produced by burning coal during the IR in London
![Page 17: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Houston on a smoggy day (left) and a clear day (right).
![Page 18: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Pollutants• Harmful substances in air, water, or
soil• Higher concentrations in larger cities• Some natural• Most by human activity: Burning
fossils fuels such as: Coal, Oil, Gas, Diesel– ½ from cars & other vehicles– Factories & power plant
![Page 19: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Natural Sources
• Salt Spray• Plant pollen• Forest fires• Soil erosion• Dust storms• Volcanic eruptions
![Page 20: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Human Activity
• Burning fossil fuels• Photochemical smog: photo-
meaning “light” caused by sunlight on chemicals– Nitrogen in the warm air reacts
w/burning hydrocarbons – Irritates breathing, harms plants,
damages rubber, paint, & plastics
![Page 21: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Acid Rain• Forms when nitrogen oxides &
sulfur oxides (produced from burning fossil fuels) combine w/water in the air
• Can harm trees, pollute ponds & lakes, & kill small organisms (fish, amphibians, insects, & plants)
![Page 22: the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place depends on: amount of cloudstemperature air pressurewind amount of moisture.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f495503460f94c6b343/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Improving Air Quality
• Laws & regulations for filters on:– Cars– Smoke stacks
• Filters called “scrubbers”• More fuel efficient vehicles • Public transportation