BACThe amount of alcohol in the blood expressed by a percentage

• BAC depends on:• 1. The amount of blood in your body (which is

increased as _____________increases)• 2. The ___________ of alcohol you ________ • 3 ________ consumed (i.e., the faster you drink

the higher your BAC). The liver can only metabolize about one drink per hour – the rest accumulates in the blood stream.

• 4. Gender

BAC Level Effect• .02= Slightly relaxed, slight body warmth, less inhibited.• 05= Markedly relaxed, less alert, less self-aware,

coordination/impairment begins• .08= Definite impairment in coordination, vision and

judgment• .10= Noisy, possible embarrassing behavior, reduction in

reaction time• .15= Impaired balance and movement, slurring, staggering,

clearly drunk• .30= May lose consciousness, at significant risk for choking

on vomit• .40= Most lose consciousness, probable alcohol poisoning -

involuntary muscles affected (e.g., lungs, heart), shallow infrequent breathing, bluish skin, non-responsive to painful stimuli, potential coma or death

• .50= Breathing stops, coma probable, many die

5 Types of Drinkers There are five types of drinkers. Non drinker (tee-tottler) a person that for all intended

purposes does not drink alcohol. They are the drug non user Give some example of how alcohol is used in our society

correctly. Social drinker: a person that drinks alcohol as a

beverage not as a drug. They set limits and drink alcohol for the taste or occasion not to get high or drunk. They do not have to drink with other people. They are the drug user. Examples?

Alcohol dependent drinker: a person that uses alcohol as a drug not as a beverage. They are drug misusers. Examples

Heavy drinkers: drink to get drunk, consume large amounts of alcohol. Drug abuser. Examples?

Alcoholic: a person that must either drink everyday and/or alcohol interferes with their everyday life. The Addict. Give some examples of how alcohol interferes with their

everyday life.

Effects on the mind

• As a ___________, alcohol ___________the NERVOUS SYSTEM

• As fast as 15 minutes after the first or second drink– More relaxed– More talkative– Laugh more easily

Effects on the body• Alcohol irritates the mouth, throat,

esophagus, and stomach. • Makes your heart work harder• Body loses heat• Liver must work harder• Causes dehydration• Hangovers

Short term effects on the body• Nausea• Vomiting• Dehydration• Loss of judgment, self control• Reduction of reaction time• Poor vision• Memory lose• Black outs• Coma• Death

Long term effects on the body• Brain• Heart• Small Intestines• Mouth, esophagus, and stomach• Liver• Immune system• White blood cells• Kidneys and bladder• Muscular coordination• Sexual desire• Blood vessels

Compare these two livers

Liver with Cirrhosis

Normal liver

Side view a Liver with Cirrhosis

The fat deposits turn into scare tissue. Slowly there are fewer good cells to remove the toxins in the blood.

A person may take longer to sober up or will react more to lesser amounts of alcohol.

Permanent Damage to the Brain

• Alcohol causes permanent damage to the brain:– 1: Lack of oxygen – 2: Cell death due from repeated dehydration

Pictures of the effects of FAS

Binge Drinking

• _____________on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days.

• About 90% of the alcohol consumed by youth under the age of 21 in the United States is in the form of binge drinks.

3 Symptoms of Alcohol Poisoning

1. *

2. *

3. Dangerously slowed

breathing• Pass out b/c they drank to much:

– *– *– If not breathing or pulse = CPR

Marijuana

What is it? • Made from a plant Cannabis sativa • Considered a “__________” drug.• The mind altering ingredient in marijuana is ____• The amount of THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), in

marijuana determines how strong it effects will be. • The strength of today’s marijuana is as ten times

greater today than in the 70’s• Hash is made by taking the resin, a sticky black liquid,

from the leaves and flowers of the marijuana plant• Hash is stronger than marijuana and may contain five to

ten times as much THC• Sometimes laced with PCP or formaldehyde.

Common Street Terms• Pot• Herb• Weed• Grass• Boom• Mary Jane• Gangster

• Bud• Green• Dope• Piff• Gonj• Synthetic marijuana

known by brand name “Spice” or “K2”

There are more than 200 slang terms for marijuana

How is marijuana used?

• Is usually smoked as a cigarette (joint) or in a pipe or a bong.

• It has appeared in cigar wrappers mixed with marijuana and tobacco called blunts.

• Mixing with foods or brewed in teas.

THC's chemical structure is similar to the brain chemical anandamide. Similarity in structure allows drugs to be recognized

by the body and to alter normal brain communication

Effects• All forms of marijuana are mind-altering: change

how the brain works. • Altered __.• Affects brain development. Its effects on thinking

and memory may last a long time or even be permanent.

• Marijuana’s effects on the user depend on it’s strength or potency, which is related to the amount of THC it contains

Immediate/Short Term Effects

• Faster heart beat• Bloodshot eyes, dry mouth, and throat• Drug can impair or reduce short-term memory• Reduce the ability to do things with

concentration – EX: Work, driving a car, operation machinery

• Distorted perception • Impaired Coordination

Long Term Effects

• Increases cancer risk• Decrease in testosterone levels and lower

sperm counts in men• Increased in testosterone levels for women

and increased of infertility• Psychological dependence

How long does marijuana stay in the user's body?

• _____ in marijuana is rapidly absorbed by fatty tissues in various organs.

• Generally, traces (metabolites) of THC can be detected by standard urine testing methods _________after a smoking session.

• In chronic heavy users, traces can sometimes be detected for weeks after they have stopped using marijuana.

Psychological Dependence

• Long term users become psychologically dependent.

• Psychological symptoms like anxiety, mood swings and depression

• The drug becomes the most important aspect of their lives

• Withdrawal versus a “I miss my pot” phenomenon.

Does Marijuana affect the human reproductive system?

• Some studies suggest that the use of marijuana during pregnancy may result in premature babies and babies low in weight

• Men and women may temporary lose fertility

• Studies have found that marijuana may be especially harmful during adolescence because of the development of the body

How does Marijuana affect the lungs?

• Marijuana can be ____________because users inhale the unfiltered smoke deeply

• Smoke comes in contact with lung tissue for long periods of time

• Marijuana does contain the same ingredients in tobacco smoke that can cause _________________

How Does Marijuana Effect the Heart?

• Within in minutes after inhaling marijuana smoke the heart rate may increase 20 to 50 beats per minute.

• The heart rate, normally is 70 to 80 beats per minute

Immune system

Animal studies have found that THC can damage the cells and tissues in the body that help protect against disease.

When the immune cells are weakened you are more likely to get sick.

What about Medical Marijuana?

• Under U.S. law since 1970, Marijuana has been a Schedule 1 controlled substance. This means the drug has no approved medical use

• http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/ • There are medications containing synthetic THC that

are used to treat nausea in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and stimulate appetite in patients with wasting syndrome, severe weight loss due to AIDS

Prescription Drugs

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1. It is illegal to use prescription drugs without a valid prescription?

2. Prescription depressants and stimulants are sometimes abused to counter the

effects of other drugs.

3. Addiction and dependence mean the same thing?

• *• _________ usually refers to physical reliance on a

drug – the body becomes used to the effects of a drug and higher doses are needed to achieve the original effects of the drug. Withdrawal typically occurs when drug use ends.

• ________ refers to a compulsive need to continue using a drug despite adverse consequences. A person who is addicted to a drug is often, but not always, physically dependent on the drug.

4. Falling asleep while at work or school is a sign of prescription stimulant use.

• *• Stimulants ____________and awareness.

Falling asleep would be a sign of prescription depressant use.

5. Use of prescription stimulants produces effects similar to those of alcohol while prescription depressant use produces

effects similar to those of cocaine.

6. You can’t become dependent or addicted to prescription drugs because

they are legal.

7. Prescription drugs are always okay to use, whether the are prescribed for you or not, because the are approved by the FDA.• *• The FDA approves many drugs that have

legitimate medical purposes but that can be dangerous and even deadly when abused. Prescription drugs should only be used as directed and only by the person that they are prescribed for.

8. Some slang terms for prescription pain relievers include “oxy” and “percs.”

• *.

9. The annual number of first time abusers of prescription pain relievers more than

tripled from 1990-2001.

10. Ritalin is a depressant drug prescribed for the treatment of attention-deficit

hyperactivity disorder.

• *• _______ is actually a ___________ drug that

is prescribed for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder