The social dimension of historic centres regeneration
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Transcript of The social dimension of historic centres regeneration
T H E S O C I A L D I M E N S I O N O F T H E R E G E N E RAT I O N
O F T H E H I S T O R I C C E N T R E S
Claudia Piscitelli – Francesco Selicato – Francesco Rotondo- Pierangela Loconte – Claudia Ceppi
11 th October 2012 - Thematic Seminar
1960s:• Increasing of the social issues• Ideological thrusts• Young and social movements• Development of participatory process in foreign countries (i.e. Advocacy Planning in USA)• Issue of public houses• Bad hygienic and structural conditions of many houses• Lack of quality of life
From the data to the perception
Many previous experiences were involved in the formal and institutional aspects:- Morphological researches- Institutional function of the main buildings- Building new suburbs far from the historic centre- Gentrification of the low class- Increasing of the real estate value
From the data to the perception
NOVELTY = Attention to the needs and to the perception of the population
Socio – economic analysis
- Real involvement of the population- Interviews, questionnaires, talking to the inhabitants
From the data to the perception
NOVELTY = Attention to the needs and to the perception of the population
Socio – economic analysis
- Real involvement of the population- Interviews, questionnaires, talking to the inhabitants
CASE OF BOLOGNA (Cervellati, 1969):
PHYSICAL REGENERATION + CULTURAL AND IDEOLOGICAL REGENERATION
- GIVE BACK TO THE HISTORIC CENTRE ITS ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE- CULTURAL INTEPRETATION OF THE ARCHITECTURE not an elitè culture but a popular culture relationship function-meaning-architecture
METHODOLOGY TO RESARCH THE ‘EXPRESSION’ OF THE HISTORIC CENTRE
- 1. “Deep interviews” (about 20) to identify some problem and to find a framework for the next steps
- 2. Interviews to focus some aspects to make the questionnaires in the best way- 3. Questionnaires with multiple-answers, often with pictures
In some cases: - Excessive emphasis on the social aspect, overlooking the economical aspects - Opposite effect: Inahabitants almost obbligated to stay in the historic centre,
rather than moving to new and more confortable buildings in the suburbs.
From the data to the perception
The houses, the buildings, the streets of the historic centre of Bologna are older than the rest of the city and have peculiar features. Could you identify the most typical and frequent colours, elements, architectural structures?
What do you think about them while you walk through the historic centre?- I like them- They irritate me- I don’t care
Citizens are proud of a well-preserved historic centre. Do you agree?- Yes- No- I don’t know
Some questions:
From the perception to the action
REGENERATION OF THE HISTORIC CENTRE OF OTRANTO (Renzo Piano, 1980)THE ‘NEIGHBORHOOD WORKSHOP’Goals:- Knowledge about population’s needs and perception- Valorization of the local crafts- Use of innovative tecnologies
Mobile cubic structure in the heart of the historic centre
Each side represented a field:
1. Analysis and diagnostics2. Information and teaching3. Open project4. Work and construction
European Programmes
1990s: - Decreasing attention on the historic centre - Emerging themes like the sustainability and the environment
URBAN PROGRAMMES IN ITALY:
Genova Salerno
Bari VeneziaTriesteRoma
Napoli
Foggia
Cosenza
Catanzaro
Palermo
Reggio Calabria
Catania
Siracusa Cagliari
MOSTLY HISTORIC CENTRES
European Programmes
1990s: - Decreasing attention on the historic centre - Emerging themes like the sustainability and the environment
URBAN PROGRAMMES IN ITALY:
Genova Salerno
Bari VeneziaTriesteRoma
Napoli
Foggia
Cosenza
Catanzaro
Palermo
Reggio Calabria
Catania
Siracusa Cagliari
MOSTLY HISTORIC CENTRES
Actions of the programme:
- Supporting small and medium local companies and stimulating the creation of new ones
- Increasing local employment
- Improvement and increasing the social services (to solve the problems of the primary needs and not
only, to improve the quality of the life, to increase the security)
- Improving the infrastructure
- Community involvementGoalTool Participation as a part of the planning process
Salerno: Strong cooperation between local government and
population foundation of the Urban Observatory a structure which involved in a continuous link with the citizens (information, advertising, technical - administrative support, collection of citizens’ data and opinions,..)
European Programmes
Bari: Historic centre attractive for new stakeholders and activities (restaurants, pubs, ecc.), attention to the security and hygenic condition only in the most visible part of the historic centre, increasing of the real estate values, gentrification, not enough attention to the primary needs inhabitants (like the infrastructure)
Different results:
Salerno: Strong cooperation between local government and
population foundation of the Urban Observatory a structure which involved in a continuous link with the citizens (information, advertising, technical - administrative support, collection of citizens’ data and opinions,..)
European Programmes
Bari: Historic centre attractive for new stakeholders and activities (restaurants, pubs, ecc.), attention to the security and hygenic condition only in the most visible part of the historic centre, increasing of the real estate values, gentrification, not enough attention to the primary needs inhabitants (like the infrastructure)
The participation becomes integrated in the planning process (i.e.INU award for the best participatory practise)BUT risk that the participation becomes a FORMAL step of the process,
a simple collection of acceptances of top-down choises
Different results:
Participation becomes law
Regional Law n° 21 , 29 th July 2008
ART. 3DOCUMENTO PROGRAMMATICO PER LA RIGENERAZIONE URBANA“I comuni definiscono gli ambiti territoriali che, per le loro caratteristiche di contesti urbani periferici e marginali interessati, rendono necessari interventi di rigenerazione urbana. A tal fine predispongono un documento programmatico per la rigenerazione urbana, da mettere a punto con la partecipazione degli abitanti, tenendo conto anche delle proposte di intervento avanzate da altri soggetti pubblici e da soggetti privati…”
PLANNING DOCUMENT FOR URBAN REGENERATION“The municipalities define the geographical areas which, due to their characteristics of suburb and marginal urban areas, need a urban regeneration. For this purpose, the municipalities establish a PLANNING DOCUMENT FOR URBAN REGENERATION, developed with the participation of the population, taking into account the proposals for action made by other public and private entities ... "
URBAN REGENERATION STARTS FROM THE HISTORIC CENTRES
PROPULSOR FOR A LARGER REGENERATION : URBAN FABRIC, SUBURBS, COUNTRYSIDE AND LANDSCAPE
PARTICIPATION AS TOOL OF
KNOWLEDGE ACTION
Participation must start in parallel with the planning process
Transactive participation (Friedmann)Each one has to renounce to something
Final decisions make no winners, no losers
Awarness of the local, cultural, historic resources
Sense of place
Community involvement
The most effective participation = SPONTANEOUS
- Serious common problem i.e. the healty problem for the inhabitants af the area around the disused abestos cement industry, which had caused a lot of deads
- Loss of an evident resource i.e. the case of the business of the centuries-old olive trees in Monopoli
Community involvement
The most effective participation = SPONTANEOUS
-Spontaneous citizens’ associations
-Multidisciplinary studios (with architects, city planners, political scientists, communicators, facilitators, web designers, social workers) which give the administrations and planners the tools indispensable to achieve an effective and useful participation
AVVENTURA URBANAWebsite
Community involvement
The most effective participation = SPONTANEOUS
Open Space Technology (Harrison Owen)It is a simple working method based on the auto-organization and on the ability of the participants to make proposals. It is an "open space" which is filled by the ideas, proposals, visions of the participants.
‘AVVENTURA URBANA’ – An example
Community involvement
THE WEB POWER
- TOOL FOR INFORMATION
- TOOL FOR INNOVATIVE METHODS
ELECTRONIC TOWN MEETING (e-TM) The participants discuss in small groups organized around round tables. For each table, a facilitator with special training, provides an open and democratic discussion. Observations arising from each group are sent, through a network of laptops connected with wireless technology, a team whose function is to capture the most challenging and common themes that emerged from the individual tables and to summarize the content. These summaries are shown on big screens to the whole assembly, in order to have directly the outcomes of the discussion.
REMOTE PARTICIPATION: Blogs, socialnetworks, Smartphone Applications continuous monitoring
Community activities
STATTE and CRISPIANO SMALL HISTORIC CENTRES NETWORK
3 URBAN PLANNING LABORATORIES:
I. Urban planningII. Slow mobilityIII. Ancient crafts
INCREMENTAL LOGIC OF PARTICIPANTS
1. Steering Group2. Mixed Group3. Experts4. Public relations workers5. Community
INTEGRATED AND FLEXIBLE METHODThe team work has identified consultation methods specific to the viral market and decided to move forward in stages, defined and shared, which included a gradual involvement of all parts taking part to the process, expanding the participation to the workshops as soon as the laboratory passed to the next stage.
URBAN PLANNING LABORATORY
T H A N K Y O U !
Claudia Piscitelli – Francesco Selicato – Francesco Rotondo- Pierangela Loconte – Claudia Ceppi