The Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment and American Revolution! Oh my!
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Transcript of The Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment and American Revolution! Oh my!
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You wake up tomorrow and find out the world is like this?
• How would your VIEW of the world change? Could you trust those who had taught you before? Would you trust your OWN mid?
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SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
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What is a Revolution? DW A Revolution is a complete change of the way we think about things, or an overthrow of a government, a social system, etc.
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SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Don’t write•In the 1500s & 1600s the Scientific Revolution changed the way Euros looked at the world.
•new ways of thinking! Use experimentation!
•Telescope, microscope invented•Printing press spread ideas•Math studied
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•PTOLEMY (gr/eg astronomer 100AD) said Earth was the center of the universe (GEOCENTRIC MODEL)
*Church supported!
*Earth surrounded by crystal rotating spheres w/ heavenly bodies stuck in them. (10th sphere was Prime mover w/ God & stars beyond
10th sphere).
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Ptolemy’s view
Ptolemy’s geocentric model
1. Earth2. Moon3. Mercury4. Venus5. Sun6. Mars7. Jupiter8. Saturn
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•Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus, in his 1543 book, said universe is HELIOCENTRIC - sun centered.
•Earth & planets revolve around sun •Moon revolves around earth, earth rotates on axis (church upset, fear all knowledge wrong
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Copernicus’s ViewCopernicus’ model
of the solar system:
1. Sun2. Moon3. Mercury4. Venus5. Earth6. Mars7. Jupiter8. Saturn
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•Johannes Kepler said sun was at center, but orbits were ellipses, not circles.
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•Galileo Galilei- made 1st telescope discovered sunspots, moon mtns, planets were solid, & moons rotated around planets
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•Put on trial by pope
•Ideas against Church teachings. (forced to recant &
put on house arrest)
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•Isaac Newton- defined laws light & color, laws of motion, law of gravity & calculus!
1. A body at rest stays at rest2. Acceleration is caused by force3. For every action there is an
equal opposite reaction
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•Don’t write: FRANCIS BACON developed SCIENTIFIC METHOD: a procedure for analyzing & collecting evidence.
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•Don’t write! •Bacon argued that truth could
not be known at the beginning of a question, but only at the end after a long process of investigation.
•experiments to prove a hypothesis to lead to correct principles.
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1. Divide a piece of paper in 1/2. Draw a line down the center (both sides).
2. Label them the following.
3. In the correct section, draw that astronomer’s view of the universe. (use pages 294-295 to help)
4. Label all parts of the universe (sun, moon, planets, aliens)
5. Use color. Be neat.6. In the 4th box, compare & contrast the 3 different views.
What are the differences? What are the similarities? 7. Be sure to write in complete sentences. Be specific! Be
sure to describe at least ____ things about each astronomer.
Ptolemy CopernicusCompare
& ContrastKepler’s
orbits only
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The Enlightenment
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•The Enlightenment PHILOSOPHES were French intellectuals.
•Reason, law, hope, progress, themes of enlightenment
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•Said you should apply rational criticism, study society, look at facts & use scientific
method to make society
better.
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•John Locke, said all humans born w/ TABULA RASA
or a blank slate. •All knowledge comes from experience & all people have natural rights of life, liberty
& property
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•Rene Descartes: Fr philosopher who said “I think, therefore I am”
•Doubt material world, trust your mind.
•Use human reason & question things
•Truth found after studying & investigation
•Father of rationalism
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•Baron Montesquieu: used scientific method to study govt to find natural laws that govern social & political relationships.
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•Saidin the Spirit of Law govts: should have executive, legislative & judicial branches.
• Also separation of powers & checks & balances.
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•VOLTAIRE- witty middle class Parisian writer.
•Believed in freedom of speech & religion!•Deism: religious philosophy based on reason & natural law. World ran like a clock
• “All men are brothers”• “I do not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it”
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• Jean Jacque Rousseau: govt should secure freedom, equality & justice (rule for common good) for all within the state.
•Wrote Social Contract 1762: said entire society agrees to be governed by general will, but lose individual liberty.
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• Don’t Write!!!!! MAN IS BORN FREE, BUT EVERYWHERE HE IS IN CHAINS
• Free people, remember this maxim: we may acquire liberty, but it is never recovered if it is once lost
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSxQuYGqTd8
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•ECONOMICS-Said if people pursue own eco self interest, all society benefits.
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ADAM SMITH (father of capitalism) govt should protect society from invasion & create public works
•Govt should not interfere by imposing regulations.
Called LAISSEZ-FAIRE- let them alone
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Descartes' philosophy
Voltaire’s philosophy
Rousseau'sphilosophy
John Locke'sPhilosophy
Monteaquie’s philosophy
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AMERICAN REVOLUTION
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•DON’T WRITE: America was a colony- so it was run and controlled by another country, Great Britain which was 3000 miles away
•Britain has a monarchy ( a king)
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•DON’T WRITE!!!! Colonies set up for profit, took natural resources & turned them into manufactured goods & sold back to colonies
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*Britain needs $$$$ & passes Stamp Act Tax, taxing all paper goods, set restrictions
*Colonists angry (no say in govt) Wanted rights & freedoms of philosophes. Creates unrest & protests
• 1st Continental Congress meets to plan action
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•Congress meets again after war starts on 4/19/1775 when colonists were
shot at by Br soldiers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8waBR2Hpsgk
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•Congress organized govt & est Continental Army led by George Washington
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•Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration of Independence
•Adopted July 4, 1776
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•declared equality & rights of the people, reasons for rebellion & independence from GB
•France 1st to
recognize US
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•War ends w/ Treaty of Paris in 1783, giving US control of land E of the Mississippi.
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•Articles of Confederation, 1st constitution, kept each state independent.
•Very weak govt (no exec branch).
(no power to tax, etc)
•Meeting called to fix Articles.
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•May 25, 1787, 55 delegates met in Philly for Constitutional Convention.
•Articles tossed out & framers write new constitution.
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•New Constitution used Montesquie’s ideas of executive, legislative & judicial branches
•Separation of powers divide power btw branches.
•Checks & balances allows each branch
to check & balance each other
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•James Madison wrote Bill of Rights (10 Amendments) gave basic rights of people (speech, press, religion).
•States wouldn't ratify Constitution w/o it.
•Seen as proof of Enlightenment
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•Enlightened Absolutism: rulers who used enlightenment ideas,
but kept royal
power.
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•Prussia: Frederick II or The Great: abolished torture & death penalty, individal protects before law, granted limited free speech, press & religious toleration, set 1st law code & education rules, created agricultural reforms,
built roads•Kept Serfdom
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•Joseph II of Austria abolished serfdom, no death penalty, equality for all before law, religious toleration.
•created administrative, fiscal, & judicial bureaucracy directly responsible him
•Failed. Upset many. Nobles, serfs unhappy
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•RUSSIA: CATHERINE THE GREAT: encourage modernization of agriculture & industry, foreign investment in poor areas, relaxed censorship laws, encouraged education for the nobles& middle class. (Favored
nobility) •Expanded serfdom
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUaKcFI4BZY
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Get in groups of 4 (teams of two)1.Pick up 1 envelope, 1 game board, 1 penny, 1 Revolution page & 2 Will
you/Won’t you pages2.In teams of 2, flip the coin to
determine moves around game board Heads-1 space Tails -2 spaces3. Move your token. Read your info as
you land on the squares. If you land on a crown, draw a card & read the message from the king. As you gain info, record it in the column you think it belongs in (on Will You/Won’t You)
4. Vote at the end. Would you rebel? Explain!
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1. With your group, create a 3-5 sentence Preamble to a Student Bill of Rights (introduce yourselves, describe your grievances)
2. Next, create a 10 Amendment Bill of Rights. a. List 5 Amendments you feel that you as a student deserve, & the Philosophes would approve b. explain at the end WHY you guys deserve these things!
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FLIP BOOK1. Cut out all 24 squares2. put all of the WORD sq in a pile (have a pic & a word)3. Put all of the DESCRIPTION sq in a pile (they have sentences)4. Match up the WORD with the correct DESCRIPTION (have me check them)5. Glue together, back to back. Staple pages together with THE ENLIGHTENMENT sq on top