The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on...

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The Science of Biology Chapter 1

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Transcript of The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on...

Page 1: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

The Science of BiologyChapter 1

Page 2: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world.

B.Observations: Information gathered using the senses. 1.Quantitative- involves numbers or

measurements2. Qualitative-involves

characteristics or descriptions not easily measured or counted.

I. Introductory Terms

Page 3: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

C. Biology: The study of life (living things)

D. Organism: a complete individual living thing1.Examples: spider, tree,

etc.

Page 4: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

A.Living things are Made up of units called cells

1.Cell = basic unit of structure and function in all living things

2.Multicellular = many cells3.Unicellular = 1 cell (like

bacteria)

II. Characteristics of living things

Page 5: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

B.Living things Reproduce1.Asexual – 1 parent, no

joining of sex cells or DNA2.Sexual – usually 2 parents,

sex cells joined and DNA combined

Page 6: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

C.Living things Grow & develop 1.Cell division2.Cell enlargement3.Cell specialization

D.Living things Respond to stimuli

Page 7: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

E.Living things Use energy1.Autotroph: make own food

(plants)2.Heterotroph: eat

something3.Metabolism: chemical

reactions that build up or break down materials

Page 8: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

F.Living things Maintain homeostasis1.Regulation of an organism’s

internal environment2.Optimizes conditions for

metabolism

Page 9: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

G.Living things display organization• Cell structures, cells, tissues, and

organs work together to support the organism

Page 10: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

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Levels of Organization

Cellular Organization cells

organellesmolecules

atoms

The cell is the basic unit of life.

Page 11: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

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Levels of Organization

Organismal Level

organism

organ systems

organs

tissues

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Levels of Organization

Population Level

ecosystem

community

species

population

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H. Living things evolve over time• Adaptation: an inherited

characteristic that results from changes to a species over time, usually something that helps them survive

Page 14: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

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Page 15: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

III. The Scientific Method - logical and organized methods of

scientific study.

SCHyTCo!!

Page 16: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

A.State the problem 1.The problem must specify how

the results can be measured2.Format: What effect does the

Independent (manipulated) Variable have on Dependant (responding) Variable?a)IV: The variable being testedb)DV: results of experiment,

what you will be measuring.

Page 17: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

Good or bad example?•How does drinking pop affect concentration?

•Better --> How does drinking mountain dew affect concentration in class?

•Best --> How does drinking 1 can of mountain dew affect performance on a memory test?

Page 18: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

B.Collect Background Info – research your problem.

What things would you research for the mountain dew example?

• Ex. Amount of caffeine, how caffeine works, how memory works, etc.

Page 19: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

C.Hypothesis = possible solution to problem; an educated guess based on background information

Ex: scores on memory tests will be lower after drinking mountain dew

Page 20: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

D.Test the hypothesis (experiment)1.Controlled experiment – all

conditions the same except one variable

2.Experimental group – group exposed to the variable

3.Control group – not exposed to the variable, used as a comparison

4.Number of trials: how many times the experiment is repeated

Page 21: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

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Page 22: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

F.Conclusions1.Data – scientific facts

collected during experiment• Tables, graphs, charts

2.Statistics – math that evaluates data• Ex. Average growth rate

of frogs during development

Page 23: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

G.Definitions1.Theory

a)an explanation of how a specific natural phenomenon occurs

b)tested with repeated experiments and observations and found always to work

Page 24: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

2.Law: a rule that describes, but doesn’t explain, a pattern in nature and predicts what will happen under specific conditions

Page 25: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

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Charles Darwin

Served as naturalist on mapping expedition around coastal South America.

Used many observations to develop his ideas

Proposed that evolution occurs by

natural selection

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Darwin’s Evidence

Similarity of related species

- Darwin noticed variations in related species living in different locations

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Darwin’s Evidence- Darwin realized that not all members of a

population survive and reproduce.

natural selection: individuals with superior physical or behavioral characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce

evolution: modification of a species over generations

Page 28: The Science of Biology Chapter 1. A.Science: An organized way of using evidence, based on observations, to learn about the natural world. B.Observations:

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Post-Darwin Evolution Evidence

Fossil record

Mechanisms of heredity

Comparative anatomy

Molecular evidence


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