The Russian Revolution, The Russian Revolution, The Red Scare & The The Red Scare & The

End of WarEnd of WarMr. ErmerMr. Ermer

U.S. HistoryU.S. History

Miami Beach Senior HighMiami Beach Senior High

Troubles In RussiaTroubles In Russia Russia wasn’t prepared for WWI, total warRussia wasn’t prepared for WWI, total war

– Few military leaders, Czar left to plan warFew military leaders, Czar left to plan war– Russian industry cannot keep up with warRussian industry cannot keep up with war– Lack of leadership and supplies=deathLack of leadership and supplies=death

1914-16: 2 million dead, 4-6 million hurt or captured1914-16: 2 million dead, 4-6 million hurt or captured

Czar Nicholas II at war, German wife Czar Nicholas II at war, German wife Alexandra left behind to run governmentAlexandra left behind to run government– Alexandra trusts monk-advisor Grigori RasputinAlexandra trusts monk-advisor Grigori Rasputin

Liberals and Conservatives unhappy with Liberals and Conservatives unhappy with govgov– Dec. 1916: Aristocrats assassinate RasputinDec. 1916: Aristocrats assassinate Rasputin

The BolsheviksThe Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks are a socialist group from The Bolsheviks are a socialist group from

the Russian Social Democrats partythe Russian Social Democrats party– Come under leadership of V.I. Lenin, Vladimir Come under leadership of V.I. Lenin, Vladimir

Ilyich Ulianov, who pushes for violent revIlyich Ulianov, who pushes for violent rev– 1900-17: Travelled Europe, sent back to Russia 1900-17: Travelled Europe, sent back to Russia

by German armyby German army Works to gain control of the soviets of Works to gain control of the soviets of

soldiers, workers and women to take pwrsoldiers, workers and women to take pwr ““Peace, Land, Bread”; “Worker Control of Peace, Land, Bread”; “Worker Control of

Production”; “All Power to the Soviets”Production”; “All Power to the Soviets”

Communist TriumphCommunist Triumph Leon Trotsky lead a well organized, Leon Trotsky lead a well organized,

disciplined Red Army disciplined Red Army Anti-Communists were disorganizedAnti-Communists were disorganized ““war communism” helps Red Army war communism” helps Red Army

supply trainsupply train Red Terror: Secret police called Cheka, Red Terror: Secret police called Cheka,

spy/killspy/kill Foreign armies in Russia fuel patriotismForeign armies in Russia fuel patriotism 1921: Communists in total control of 1921: Communists in total control of

Russia, who hate the Allies for their Russia, who hate the Allies for their support of Whites, no other support of Whites, no other parties/ideas have a say in new Russian parties/ideas have a say in new Russian govtgovt

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Last Year of WarLast Year of War Allies have bad 1917: losses on Western Allies have bad 1917: losses on Western

Front, Russia’s revolution, tired of warFront, Russia’s revolution, tired of war Up side: entry of United States helpsUp side: entry of United States helps March 1918: German Gen. Lundendorff March 1918: German Gen. Lundendorff

leads new offensive on Western Frontleads new offensive on Western Front French and Moroccan troops joined by French and Moroccan troops joined by

140,000 fresh American troops, tanks140,000 fresh American troops, tanks Offensive fails, over 1 million Americans Offensive fails, over 1 million Americans

on the way to Germany, Lundendorff on the way to Germany, Lundendorff informs Germany army “war is lost”informs Germany army “war is lost”

German Collapse & ArmisticeGerman Collapse & Armistice Allies will not negotiate with German Allies will not negotiate with German

keiserkeiser Workers, soldiers revolt against govtWorkers, soldiers revolt against govt Nov 9: Keiser William II leaves GermanyNov 9: Keiser William II leaves Germany Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert creates a Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert creates a

democratic republic in Germany, ends wardemocratic republic in Germany, ends war Nov 11, 1918: Ebert signs Nov 11, 1918: Ebert signs armisticearmistice

Austro-Hungarian Empire collapses, Austro-Hungarian Empire collapses, replaced by Austria, Hungary, replaced by Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and YugoslaviaCzechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia

Wilson’s 14 PointsWilson’s 14 Points Jan 1919: Reps from 27 Allied nations Jan 1919: Reps from 27 Allied nations

meet in Paris for peace conferencemeet in Paris for peace conference Through course of war, reasons change Through course of war, reasons change

from wanting territory to more idealistic from wanting territory to more idealistic goalsgoals

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson offers U.S. President Woodrow Wilson offers “Fourteen Points” for peace to Congress“Fourteen Points” for peace to Congress Open negotiations, reduce weaponry to Open negotiations, reduce weaponry to

levels for self defense, self-determinationlevels for self defense, self-determination ““War was against absolutism & militarismWar was against absolutism & militarism Europeans see Wilson as champion of Europeans see Wilson as champion of

democracy and freedomdemocracy and freedom

Paris Peace ConferenceParis Peace Conference Secret, pre-war treaties complicate peaceSecret, pre-war treaties complicate peace Many blamed Germany for war, pay-backMany blamed Germany for war, pay-back France wants reparations from GermansFrance wants reparations from Germans Important decisions made by Fr, UK, USImportant decisions made by Fr, UK, US Germans not invited, Russians busy Germans not invited, Russians busy Wilson creates League of NationsWilson creates League of Nations

World joins, US Senate rejects the ideaWorld joins, US Senate rejects the idea Germany is forced to give up “buffer” Germany is forced to give up “buffer”

land land Germans see Treaty of Versailles as unfairGermans see Treaty of Versailles as unfair

War guilt placed on Germany and AustriaWar guilt placed on Germany and Austria

Impacts of WWIImpacts of WWI

Rise in cost of livingRise in cost of living General StrikeGeneral Strike Racial TensionRacial Tension The Red ScareThe Red Scare

Gen. Intelligence Division (FBI)Gen. Intelligence Division (FBI) Russians deportedRussians deported

Harding’s: “return to normalcy”Harding’s: “return to normalcy”