The Road to American Independence:
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Transcript of The Road to American Independence:
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The Road to American Independence:
An Overview of the Events Leading to the
Revolutionary War
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Colonies were divided into 3 regions1. New England – NH, MA, RI, CT2. Middle Colonies – NY, PA,NJ, MD, Del.3. Southern Colonies – VA,NC, SC, GA
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13 Colonies• __________Colonies – mostly came for
__________freedom (Pilgrims/Puritans)• Economy was based on________, lumbering, and
______________• ______Colonies – More of a mix coming for
religious freedom and __________opportunities – more diverse backgrounds
Economy was based on ________and ______(Furs)____________ Colonies – mostly came for
economic opportunitiesEconomy was based on agriculture –
_______,_______, Rice, Indigo
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Slavery• Much more widely used in the _________colonies
– mid 1600’s to 1865• Between 1517 and 1808, over ___________
people are taken from _____ Africa. _____did not survive to reach America
• Slaves were viewed as necessary for the South’s agricultural economy.
• ________Trade – three-part voyage• 1. Europe to _______– guns, textiles,
_____________goods• 2. Africa to ________–_______Passage – slaves
to America - 6 to 8 weeks• 3. America to Europe – sugar, tobacco, cotton etc.
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North Carolina• Created in 1663 by ________II – named after his
father, Charles I• _________________– 8 men who were rewarded
for their loyalty to Charles• ______– splits into North and South Carolina• _______– becomes a ______colony under direct
control of the King• Original economy –________and lumber/_______
products – most people are small farmers (________)
• Original settlers – English,________,___________, Scotch-Irish
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Early Problems in North Carolina• 1677 –___________Rebellion – NC refused
to enforce the ____________Acts • ______– NC’s first town - 1706• 1700’s – NC’s coast was a prime hiding
spot for _________– ___________• Colonists began to have more conflicts with
Native Americans• 1711 –____________War – lasts for two
years, Indians upset over colonists taking their land
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• Beginning in the late 1600’s – ______ and _______ competed for control of ______ ________ – Most ______ sided with ______ – series of _____ for control
• ______ believed that _______ were trying to take away their ____ trade
• _______ believed that the ________ were stopping their ___________ _______
• ______ and ______ War – 1754-1763 – _______ wins
• Treaty of ______ – 1763 – peace treaty ending the war
• 1. _______ lose all of their North American territories
• 2. ________ controls everything _____ of the Mississippi – ______ controls everything west
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• Afterwards, English colonists (pioneers) begin expanding _____ into the ______________ and _____ River Valley - backcountry
• Conflicts with Native Americans – Indians did not believe European treaties applied to them – would not give up land – __________ Rebellion - 1763
• ______________ of 1763 – British government wanted to avoid future __________
• 1. Banned British settlers from moving ______ of the Appalachians
• 2. Any _________ already there had to move back• Caused great ______ in the colonies and was widely
________• These conflicts left the British in ___________
difficulty, looking for new ways to pay these ______
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The Colonies develop…in spite of England
• Mercantilism– The colony existed for the
__________ benefit of the mother country
– All ______ _______ were dictated by the mother country
– ____ ______________ were for the sole benefit of the mother country
– ___________ _______ were returned to the colonies and sold at a great profit.
– An early version of ________________
• Salutary Neglect– England imposed little,
to no _____________, over the colonies.
– Mercantilism satisfied England’s needs
– Over time, colonists became less __________ and more ______________
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MERCANTILISM: AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH NATIONS SEEK TO INCREASE THEIR WEALTH BY OBTAINING GOLD & SILVER AND WITH A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE
MERCANTILISM
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• England had many ______ from French and Indian War – believed that the __________ should help pay for these
• _____________ _____ – 1650-1696 – required colonies to ______ primarily with _________
• Set _____ on some __________ goods for the first time
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Sugar Act 1764• British needed ______ to pay
back war ______.• George ___________ – British
Prime Minister• _____ cent tax on foreign
_______.• Higher import tax on non-
British ______, _______, indigo, and Madeira Canary _______.
• Resulted in…– Banning of ________________
of foreign rum and French wine
– Local production _____________.
– Colonies begin to __________ British ____________.
– Increased ______________
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No Taxation Without Representation
• James ______/Sam ________ – first colonial leaders to ________ out against British ______
• _____________ could not ____ the colonies since the colonies had no _________________ in it. This was ______.
• _______________ of ___________________ – spread ______ about British ___ and how to _____ them – ________ - not using a particular good or service
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Quartering Act 1765• England kept a
standing ______ in the Colonies after the French and Indian War.
• Act required colonial assemblies to ________ and ___________ the British soldiers.
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Stamp Act 1765• Americans had to pay a
tax on… • ________• Legal ___________• _________________• Playing Cards• Other Documents• Americans had to buy
the special _______ to put on these
• Tax equaled _____ a ________
• Resulted in…• Stamp Act _________
– asked England to ________ Stamp Act – (take back or end)
• Colonists’ ___________ of British ______.
• King George III __________ the Stamp Act on March 18, ______
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• ______ of _________ – secret ________ group created in _______ – used _________ to protest British acts – created by ____ ________
• Colonists were never asked to pay any taxes that people in _________ were not paying
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Townshend Acts 1767• Established a board of
customs collectors in Boston.• ______ of _____________ –
search __________ for ___________ goods
• Money from taxes paid salaries of British colonial officials.
• New import taxes…– _______– Lead– _________– Paper– ______
• Colonists boycotted all ___________ from England.
• Daughters of Liberty
• March, 1770, British repealed all taxes, expect for tax on tea.
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The Regulators• __________NC was increasingly unhappy
with all political power being held by __________NC – corruption/Embezzlement
• ________Palace – _____________________
• ____________– Westerners who refused to pay taxes or follow state government’s laws
• Herman _______________• Battle of __________– May 16, 1770 –
Regulators lose
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Boston Massacre
• Sons of Liberty began attacking ____ ________ – British ________ begin arriving in _____ in ____ to restore order
• ________ ___________ – March 5, ____ – five colonists are killed by British soldiers (Crispus Attucks – free black)
• Sons of Liberty used this as _______________ (only telling one side of the story) against British
• _____ ________ defended the British in court case
• All but _____ British soldiers found ____ _________ – the two get light punishments
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Tea Act 1773• Created to save the
ailing ______ ________ _____________.
• The Company could sell its _________ ___ in the American colonies.
• The act retained the import tax on tea (Townshend Acts).
• _ _________ per pound
• This Tax resulted in the _______ ___ _______.
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The Boston Tea Party – First One - December 16,
1773• Group of men disguised as Blacks and _______ Indians.
• Led by Samuel Adams.• Dumped ____ chests of
British ____ into the Boston Harbor.
• March 17, 1774 – Second Boston Tea Party – cost between the two was over __ ________ dollars.
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• ____________ Acts – 1774 – shut down Boston
• Disbanded Massachusetts ____________• Put Massachusetts under __________ rule• – made colonists even angrier since it
_________ their ______ as ________ citizens
• Proposed total boycott of British goods – (refusal to buy or use)
• ___________ Tea Party – Penelope __________
INTOLERABLE ACTS (COERCIVE ACTS)
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“No Taxation Without Representation!”
First Continental Congress Meets in
Philadelphia September 1774