The The Respiratory Respiratory

SystemSystem

By: Kristin Greene

Function Function to supply the blood with oxygen so the blood can deliver oxygen to all the body parts

The process of respirationThe process of respiration “Respiration is achieved through the

mouth, nose, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm. Oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The oxygen then passes through the larynx and the trachea which is a tube that enters the chest cavity.

Cont.Cont. In the chest cavity, the trachea splits into

two smaller tubes called the bronchi. Each bronchus then divides again forming the bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes lead directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller tubes which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. The average adult's lungs contain about 300 million of these spongy, air-filled sacs that are surrounded by capillaries.

Cont.Cont.

The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood. Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide follows the same path out of the lungs when you exhale.”

The Respiratory system includes…The Respiratory system includes…

Facts Facts The main organs of the respiratory system are The main organs of the respiratory system are

the Lungsthe Lungs Yawning brings more air to the lungsYawning brings more air to the lungs We breath 13 pints a minuteWe breath 13 pints a minute we breath over 5000 times a day we breath over 5000 times a day Your right lung has 3 lobes while the left lung Your right lung has 3 lobes while the left lung

only has 2only has 2 The speed of a sneeze over a 100 mph and a The speed of a sneeze over a 100 mph and a

cough is only 60 mph cough is only 60 mph Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the

worldworld

Respiratory system conditionsRespiratory system conditions EmphysemaEmphysema Bronchitis Bronchitis Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Histoplasmosis Histoplasmosis Lung cancerLung cancer Pneumonia Pneumonia Pulmonary fibrosisPulmonary fibrosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis RSVRSV

Healthy lungsHealthy lungs

Infected lungsInfected lungs

RSV

The Flu

Tuberculosis

Bibliography Bibliography

http://fi.edu/biosci/systems/respiration.htmlhttp://fi.edu/biosci/systems/respiration.html http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/funfacts/fahttp://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/funfacts/fa

ctsres.html#topctsres.html#top http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenowhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow

/3210/images/02-cure-rcv.jpg/3210/images/02-cure-rcv.jpg http://lungdiseases.about.com/od/basicinfohttp://lungdiseases.about.com/od/basicinfo

rmation/a/LD_list.htmrmation/a/LD_list.htm

By LaToya Crandall

They’re paired organs in the chest that perform respiration.

Each human has two lungs.

Each lung is between 10 and 12 inches long

They transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and excrete carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere.

• 90% of the lung is filled with air and only 10% is hard tissue.

• The lung is the largest organ in the body.

• Diseases that can affect the lungs are Emphysema, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Lung Cancer, and many more.

•Each day you take about 23,000 breaths.

•With every breath, your lungs add fresh oxygen to your blood, which then carries into your cells.

• www.mamashealth.com

• www.virtialmuseum.ca

• www.ehwikpedia.org

• www.nhlbi.nih.gov

Bronchitis

By Zack Miller

What is Bronchitis?

• An obstructive pulmonary disease caused by inflammation of the of the lungs

• It can be short term or long lasting

Symptoms

• An expectorating cough

• Dyspnea (shortness of Breath)

• Fatigue and/or malaise

• Mild fever

• Mild chest pains

Diagnosis

• Chest x-ray that reveals hyperinflation and increased bronchovascular markings

• Pulmonary function test that shows an increase in the lung’s residual volume and a decreased vitals capacity

Diagnosis (cont.)

• Arterial blood gases that show a decreased level of oxygen in the blood and an increased level of carbon dioxide

• A sputum culture that has pathogenic microorganism and/or neutrophils

X-ray

Pathophysiology

• Short term bronchitis often follows a cold or infection. It may be viral or bacterial

• Long-lasting bronchitis last at least three months and is usually cause by environmental irritation of the bronchial tubes and is often caused by smoking

Minor Treatments

• Rest

• Lots of liquids

• Aspirin

• Tylenol for fever

Treatments

• Oxygen therapy

• Bronchodilator drugs

• Antibiotics

• Lung volume reduction surgery

Prognosis

• Short bronchitis usually last ten to eleven days

• It is contagious, and starts out with a dry cough, which may be accompanied by a low grade fever, fatigue, and headache

Prevention• Short term

– lots of rest– Lots of fluids

• Long-lasting– Eliminate exposure to cigarette smoke and

other environmentally hazard fumes

Inflammation of the Inflammation of the lungslungs

Caused by a Caused by a bacterial, viral, or bacterial, viral, or fungal infectionfungal infection

Ranges from mild Ranges from mild to severe to even to severe to even fatalfatal

Severity depends Severity depends on age and health on age and health of the personof the person

Anyone can get pneumonia Anyone can get pneumonia Hospital patients more prone Hospital patients more prone

because of weaker immune because of weaker immune systemssystems

Cough with greenish or yellow Cough with greenish or yellow phlegmphlegm

Fever with shaking chillsFever with shaking chills Sharp chest painSharp chest pain Rapid, shallow breathingRapid, shallow breathing Shortness of breath Shortness of breath HeadacheHeadache

Excessive sweating Excessive sweating Clammy skinClammy skin Loss of appetiteLoss of appetite Excessive fatigueExcessive fatigue Confusion in elderly peopleConfusion in elderly people

Chest X-raysChest X-rays CBC to check white blood cell CBC to check white blood cell

countcount CAT Scan of the chestCAT Scan of the chest

Antibiotics if the cause is bacteriaAntibiotics if the cause is bacteria In hospital: Intravenous In hospital: Intravenous

antibiotics & oxygen therapyantibiotics & oxygen therapy In home: Drink fluids to loosen In home: Drink fluids to loosen

secretions and bring up phlegm, secretions and bring up phlegm, get lots of rest, control fevers with get lots of rest, control fevers with aspirinaspirin

65 years or older65 years or older Male Male Children under 2Children under 2 Having HIV or AIDSHaving HIV or AIDS People with their spleen removedPeople with their spleen removed

SmokingSmoking Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Abuse Being around certain chemicalsBeing around certain chemicals Living in certain parts of the Living in certain parts of the

countrycountry Being hospitalized in ICUBeing hospitalized in ICU

Wash hands frequentlyWash hands frequently Do not smokeDo not smoke Wear a mask when cleaning dusty Wear a mask when cleaning dusty

or moldy areasor moldy areas

www.reutershealth.com/wellconnewww.reutershealth.com/wellconnected/doc64.htmcted/doc64.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.com/healthhttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pneumonia/DS00135/DSECTION=/pneumonia/DS00135/DSECTION=44

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/medlineplus/ency/article/000145.htm000145.htm

Huffing And Puffing with Huffing And Puffing with AsthmaAsthma

By: John HunterBy: John Hunter

Normal bronchiole/ Normal bronchiole/ Asthmatic bronchioleAsthmatic bronchiole

What is asthma?What is asthma?

Asthma is a chronic (long-term) Asthma is a chronic (long-term) disease that makes it hard to disease that makes it hard to breathe. Asthma can't be cured, but breathe. Asthma can't be cured, but it can be managed. With proper it can be managed. With proper treatment, people with asthma can treatment, people with asthma can lead normal, active lives. lead normal, active lives.

How asthma worksHow asthma worksIf you have asthma, your airways If you have asthma, your airways (breathing passages) are extra sensitive. (breathing passages) are extra sensitive. When you are around certain things, your When you are around certain things, your extra-sensitive airways can:extra-sensitive airways can:

Become red and swollenBecome red and swollen - your airways - your airways get inflamed inside. They fill up with get inflamed inside. They fill up with mucus. The swelling and mucus make your mucus. The swelling and mucus make your airways narrower, so it's harder for the air airways narrower, so it's harder for the air to pass through.to pass through.

Cont.Cont.Become "twitchy" and go into Become "twitchy" and go into spasmspasm - the muscles around your - the muscles around your airways squeeze together and airways squeeze together and tighten. This makes your airways tighten. This makes your airways narrower, leaving less room for the narrower, leaving less room for the air to pass through.air to pass through.The more red and swollen your The more red and swollen your airways are, the more twitchy they airways are, the more twitchy they become.become.

SymptomsSymptoms

Hard breathing caused by irritantsHard breathing caused by irritants

Asthma inducersAsthma inducers: If you breathe in : If you breathe in something you're allergic to- for something you're allergic to- for example, dust or pollen- or if you example, dust or pollen- or if you have a viral infection- for example, a have a viral infection- for example, a cold or the flu- your airways can cold or the flu- your airways can become inflamed (red and swollen).become inflamed (red and swollen).

Cont.Cont.Asthma triggersAsthma triggers: If you breathe in an : If you breathe in an asthma trigger like cold air or smoke, or if asthma trigger like cold air or smoke, or if you exercise, the muscles around your you exercise, the muscles around your airways can go into spasm and squeeze airways can go into spasm and squeeze together tightly. This leaves less room for together tightly. This leaves less room for air to pass through.air to pass through.

It's important for every person with It's important for every person with asthma to know what they triggers and asthma to know what they triggers and inducers are.inducers are.

Normal Swelled Asthma Tightened Asthma

CausesCausesWork-related asthma (occupational Work-related asthma (occupational exposure)exposure): People who work in certain : People who work in certain types of jobs can get asthma from things types of jobs can get asthma from things they work with. For example:they work with. For example:Laboratory workers can get asthma from Laboratory workers can get asthma from lab animals: rats, mice, guinea-pigs lab animals: rats, mice, guinea-pigs Spray painters can get asthma from Spray painters can get asthma from isocyanates isocyanates Grain handlers can get asthma from grain Grain handlers can get asthma from grain dust dust Crab processors can get asthma from crab Crab processors can get asthma from crab dust dust

TreatmentsTreatmentsInhalersInhalersThese devices (sometimes called 'puffers') These devices (sometimes called 'puffers') contain a gas that will propel the correct contain a gas that will propel the correct dose of medication when the top is dose of medication when the top is pressed down. This is inhaled into your pressed down. This is inhaled into your airways. There are two basic categories of airways. There are two basic categories of inhaler medicines that are used for inhaler medicines that are used for asthma:asthma:relievers - which treat your symptoms relievers - which treat your symptoms preventers - which can prevent your preventers - which can prevent your symptoms symptoms

In case of an attackIn case of an attacktake your reliever treatment immediately, take your reliever treatment immediately, preferably with a spacerpreferably with a spacersit down (don't lie down) and try to relax sit down (don't lie down) and try to relax wait 5-10 minutes - if your symptoms disappear wait 5-10 minutes - if your symptoms disappear you do not need to do anything you do not need to do anything if your symptoms do not go away, then you if your symptoms do not go away, then you should call a doctor or an ambulance should call a doctor or an ambulance continue taking your reliever, preferably with a continue taking your reliever, preferably with a spacer, every few minutes until helps arrives spacer, every few minutes until helps arrives If you go to hospital, take details of your asthma If you go to hospital, take details of your asthma treatments with you.treatments with you.

BibliographyBibliography

http://www.lung.ca/diseases-maladieshttp://www.lung.ca/diseases-maladies/asthma-asthme/what-quoi/index_e.p/asthma-asthme/what-quoi/index_e.phphp

http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/Mhttp://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/Mosby_factsheets/asthma.htmlosby_factsheets/asthma.html

airborne infection

caused by bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis

spreads person to person or through air

most are infected but do not develop the disease

form small black lesions in the lungs

ongoing cough

constantly tired

loss of weight

loss of appetite

fever

night sweats

coughing up blood

Racial/ethnic minorities

Foreigners

Hospital, prison, and nursing home workers

Homeless people

IV drug users

Alcoholics

Those with Diabetes, AIDS, or others with immunity problems

has no symptoms

does not feel sick

cannot spread TB

Usually positive for skin test

has normal chest X-ray and sputum test

continuous bad cough

chest pain

coughing up blood or sputum

weakness or fatigue

loss of weight and appetite

chills, fever, night sweats

positive skin test

may have abnormal chest X-ray, or positive sputum smear or culture

http://cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/faqs/qa_introduction.htm#Intro1

http://lungusa.org/site/ppasp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=35804

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000145.htm

Emphysema

By Nishan Moghal

Background

• chronic (long-lasting or recurrent) lung disease

• usually caused by exposure to or inhalation of toxic chemicals and tobacco smoke

• loss of elasticity of lung tissue

Background (cont.)

• destruction of supporting structures of alveoli (sacs in the lungs that allow for gas exchange)

• destruction of capillaries that allow blood flow to alveoli

• collapse of smaller airways during expiration

Symptoms• shortness of breath (on exertion)• hyperventilation (arises in order to

maintain proper oxygen levels in the body)

• clubbing of the fingers (which is associated with many lung and heart diseases)

Process• toxins (such as smoke) inhaled• particles – trapped by hairs and

cannot be exhaled• inflammatory response results

-consists of enzymes such as elastase breaking down the alveolar walls

Process (cont.) • fewer but larger alveoli with

smaller surface areas-leads to decreased ability of alveoli to take up oxygen and lose carbon dioxide

• end result – irreversible and degenerative condition

Healthy Lung• elastic

• clean

• many alveoli with large surface areas

• healthy capillaries

• clear airways

Emphysema Lung• loss of elasticity• filled with toxins

from tobacco smoke• fewer alveoli with

smaller surface areas

• destroyed capillaries• blocked airways

Prevention and Treatment

• no smoking

• avoiding other lung irritants

• supplemental oxygen is taken by patient

• lung transplant (very dangerous operation)

Sources• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Emphysema• http://images.google.com/images?

q=lung&hl=en&btnG=Search+Images

• http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic654.htm

Black Lung DiseaseBlack Lung Disease

Sarah CanadaySarah Canaday

What is Black Lung What is Black Lung Disease?Disease?

• Name for disease is Name for disease is PneumonoconiosisPneumonoconiosis

• Caused by inhalation of coal Caused by inhalation of coal dust over many yearsdust over many years

What is Black Lung What is Black Lung Disease? (continued)Disease? (continued)

• Typically affects workers over age Typically affects workers over age 5050

• Number of black lung cases have Number of black lung cases have sharply fallen since the Federal sharply fallen since the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 19691969

What are the What are the symptoms?symptoms?

• Once coal dust particles are in Once coal dust particles are in the lung, they can not be the lung, they can not be removed, causing build upremoved, causing build up

• Primary symptom is shortness Primary symptom is shortness of breathof breath

What are the What are the symptoms? (continued)symptoms? (continued)

• An enlargement and strain of An enlargement and strain of the right side of the heart which the right side of the heart which may cause right-side heart may cause right-side heart failurefailure

• PneumonoultramicroscopicsilicoPneumonoultramicroscopicsilicov-olcanoconiosisv-olcanoconiosis

• EmphysemaEmphysema

How can I prevent it?How can I prevent it?

• The only way to prevent Black Lung The only way to prevent Black Lung Disease is to stay out of exposure to Disease is to stay out of exposure to coal dust.coal dust.

• Since 1969, conditions in coal mines Since 1969, conditions in coal mines have become much safer, and now have become much safer, and now run low in the risk of Black Lung.run low in the risk of Black Lung.

Can I reverse the Can I reverse the effects?effects?

• Chest x-rays can show signs of black Chest x-rays can show signs of black lung before any symptoms are presentlung before any symptoms are present

• No treatment or cure for this disease No treatment or cure for this disease exists, although there are treatments exists, although there are treatments for some complicationsfor some complications

• Further exposure to coal dust must be Further exposure to coal dust must be stoppedstopped

Healthy LungsHealthy Lungs

• Pink in colorPink in color

• Light weightLight weight

PneumonoconiosisPneumonoconiosis

Lung with Lung with PneumonoconiosisPneumonoconiosis

Lungs with Lungs with Pneumonoconiosis Pneumonoconiosis

(continued)(continued)

Sources CitedSources Cited

• www.healthatoz/Atoz/ency/black_luwww.healthatoz/Atoz/ency/black_lung_disease.jspng_disease.jsp

• www.wikipedia.comwww.wikipedia.com• www.google.comwww.google.com/images/images• http://www.courier-journal.com/http://www.courier-journal.com/

dust/illo_lung_tissue.htmldust/illo_lung_tissue.html

Lung Cancer

Sakala Rutherford

So What Exactly is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer- carcinoma of the lungs; one of the most common forms of cancer

aka an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both of the lungs

Strictly Statistics

More than 87% of lung cancer cases are smoking related

13% of lung cancer is caused by things such as asbestos, and radon gas

More Americans in 2005 died from lung cancer than any colon/rectal, breast, and prostate cancer

Between 1960 and 1990, deaths from lung cancer in women increased more than 400%

More Statistics

Lung cancer kills more African Americans than any other cancer

Both African American men and women have a higher rate of getting lung cancer than any other ethnicity

After abstaining from smoking for at least 10 years you decrease your chance of developing lung cancer anywhere from 20 to 50%

Fun Facts

Today we can detect changes in the cells of the base lining of the lungs from normal to precancerous (dysplasia)

The addiction to nicotine can be compared to the addiction to heroine or even stronger

There is currently no way to screen and see if a person has lung cancer until late stages

There is a lot of discussion about whether or not marijuana causes lung cancer, its still undecided

Prevention

Not smoking Daily exercise Low fat high fiber diet Moderate if any alcohol consumption

Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

Accounts for 80% of all cancer cases - Squamos Cell Carcinoma– forms in

bronchial tubes *more prevalent in men*

-Adenocarcinoma- forms in mucus glands *more prevalent in women and non-smoking individuals

Bronchioalveolar- forms near the lungs’ air sacs

More non-small cell lung cancer

Large-Cell Undifferentiated Carcinomas-near edges of lungs, spreads rapidly, and sometimes spreads by the time diagnosed

Small Cell Lung Cancer

20% of all lung cancers, multiply more rapidly than all other cancers and form large tumors that can spread throughout the body, smoking is almost always the cause of small cell cancer

Surgical Treatments

Segmental Resection (wedge resection)- removes only a small part of the lung that the tumor is isolated in

Lobectomy- the surgical removal of an entire lobe of the lung

Pneumonectomy- the surgical removal of an entire lung

Non-Surgical Treatments

Chemotherapy- drugs given through the mouth or injection to kill cancer

Radiation Therapy- the use of an x-ray to kill or shrink cancer cells

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)- a special chemical that is injected into the body and absorbed by all cells

Clinical Trials- any type of new tests that may treat the disease

Graphs

Pictures

Counter clockwise: cigarette, healthy

lung, smokers lung, tumor in trachea, cancerous lung, cancerous lung

More Pictures Clock wise:

cancer detected in x-ray, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer diseased lung, small cell site healthy body

Bibliography

http://www.lungcancer.org/patients/fs_pc_lc_101.htm

http://www.dictionary.com www.ricancercouncil.org/ facts/lungfacts.ph

p

http://cannabisnews.com/news/10/thread10025.shtml

http://www.health-alliance.com/cancer/Lung/risk_factors.html

METASTASIS

BY NICOLE MADISON

WHAT IS METASTASIS????

•

                     

    

See full-size image.

www.molecularimaging.com/.../ pages/lungmets2.jpg

430 x 384 pixels - 14k

the spreading of a disease to another part of the body

the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life

What Are The Signs And Symptoms

Signs

Cough Weight Loss Confusion Weakness Shortness of breath Jaundice

ARE THERE ANY TREATMENTS??????

TREATMENTS

SurgeryRadiationChemotherapy

How Does The Cancer Move in Metastasis????

spread to remote sites by being carried through either the lymph system, the bloodstream, or other fluids. 

WEB SITES

http://www.ask.com/web?q=metastasis+of+the+lungs&qsrc=1&o=0

http://www.tirgan.com/metastasis.htm

http://imags.google.com/images?q=question+mark&svnum=10&hl=een&lr=&safe=active&start=20&sa=N&ndsp=20

http://www.ask.com/web?q=metastasis+of+the+lungs+treatments&qsrc=1&o=0

                                                                                                                                

Your lungs help you to breath. Take a big breathe and you will make your lungs work really hard. Lungs help you to breathe in nice clean air. And breathe out old air.

                                                                                                                                  

Blood is a really bright red liquid. It runs around your body, helping it to work properly.

It also helps stop some nasty bugs

Your brain like a big grey jelly. It’s all spongy.

                                                                                                                                   

Your eyes help you to see everything. They make these into something your brain

can understand

When you eat some food, it goes into your

digestive system. This is where your food is turned into

something your body can use.

Your lungs help you to breath. Lungs help you to breathe in nice clean air

and breathe out old air.