The Respiratory System

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Respiratory System

Consists of the lungs and air passages.Includes the nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and lungs.

Parts of Respiratory System

Nose—has two openings called nostrils or nares.

Nasal septum—divides the nose into two hollow spaces called nasal cavities.Cilia—tiny hair-like structures. They help move mucous layer that lines the airway.

Parts of Respiratory System

Pharynx—or throat. It lies directly behind the nasal cavities. Air leaves the nose, it enters the pharynx. Divided into three sections.

Nasopharynx-the upper portion, located behind the nasal cavities.

Pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids.Eustachian tube.

Parts of the Respiratory System

The Oropharynx– the middle section located behind the oral cavity. (Mouth).The Laryngopharynx– the bottom section. The esophagus, and trachea is located here.

Parts of the Respiratory System

The larynx– voice box. It has nine layers of cartilage and is commonly called the Adam’s apple. It contains the vocal cords and the glottis (the opening between the vocal cords.

The epiglottis, a special leaf-like piece of cartilage, closes the opening into the larynx during swallowing.

Parts of the Respiratory SystemThe trachea—windpipe. A tube extending from larynx to center of chest. It divides into two bronchi near the center of the chest. Each bronchi enters a lung and carry air from the trachea into the lungs. In the lungs they continue to divide into smaller bronchi called bronchioles. The smallest bronchioles end in air sacs called alveoli.

Lungs

The right lung has three sections or lobes.

The superior.The middle.The inferior.

Lungs

The left lung has two lobes. It is smaller because the larger part of the heart is located toward the left side of the chest.

The superior.The inferior.

Lungs

Each lung is enclosed in a membrane or sac called the pleura.The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity.

Breathing

Ventilation is the process of breathing.

Inspiration (inhalation)– breathing in air.Respiration-exchanges of gases.Expiration (exhalation)– breathing out.

DiseasesAsthma– usually caused by sensitivity to an allergen such as dust, pollen, an animal or a food. Stress, overexertion, and infection can also cause an asthma attack, during which bronchospasms narrow the openings of the bronchioles, mucus production increases, and edema develops in the mucosal lining.

Diseases

Bronchitis—inflammation of the bronchi and bronchial tubes.Emphysema—noninfectious, chronic respiratory condition that occurs when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity.

Diseases

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)—term used to describe any chronic lung disease that results in obstruction of the airways.Epistaxis—nosebleed.Influenza—the flu.Laryngitis– inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords.

Diseases

Pleurisy– inflammation of the pleura, or membranes of the lungs.Pneumonia– inflammation or infection of the lungs.Rhinitis– inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes.Sinusitis– inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the sinuses.

Diseases

Tuberculosis—infectious lung disease caused by the bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis.URI (upper respiratory infection).–Common cold.