Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Lungs.
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Transcript of Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Lungs.
The Human Respiratory System
Take a deep breath and relax
What does the Respiratory System Do?
_______________________________……………
…….but what is ______________________???
Respiration__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
There are two types____________________________
____________________________
External RespirationThe exchange of _______ and __________
Between the ____________ and the blood in the ______________
_______________~~~~~~~~~from the lungs into the blood_______________~~~~~~~~from the blood into the lungs
Internal RespirationThe exchange of gases between the _______________ and ___________________
….at the cellular level….remember the capillaries??
__________~~~~~~from the blood to the cells__________~~~~~~from the cells to the blood
Breathing IN_______________________________
The intercostal muscles---between the ribs---and diaphragm _________________________ to open the chest cavity and allow air to flow in
The diaphragm _________________
Breathing OUT__________________________________
The intercostal muscles and diaphragm ______________________, closing the cavity, forcing are out
The diaphragm _________________
What allows for inhalation and exhalation?
…….inspiration???…….or expiration???
No, really what is it that allows us to breathe?
What allows for breathing?_____________________________!!!
When the chest expands, the ______________ inside is less then the ________________ outside, so air moves in to equalize the _______________When you exhale, the _______________ inside becomes greater than the _______________ outside, so the air moves outThe air will move toward the area of lesser __________________.
Structure
Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Lungs
What makes up the respiratory system?
LungsSeries of pathways through which the air travelsUpper respiratory Lower respiratory
The Upper RespiratoryThe nose or nasal cavity
Cilia________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
And throat or pharynx________________________
Flap of cartilage located above the larynx (voice box) that folds down to close the trachea (wind-pipe) when you swallow
Lower Respiratory_________________ or voice box
Connects the pharynx and trachea
_________________ or wind pipelined with c-shaped cartilaginous rings
_________________Airways that connect the trachea to the lungs
Lower Respiratory cont.____________________
Small tubes that connect the bronchi to the alveoliTakes air closer to the point of external respiration
____________________Tiny balloon-like sacs arranged in clusters (like grapes) surrounded by capillariesWhere the exchange of gases takes place__________________________________________________________________
______________________Principle organs of the respiratory system
Carbon Dioxide is dropped off
Oxygen is picked up
Capillary
Red Blood Cell
Wall of the Air Sac
DiaphragmThe muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Irritants of the Respiratory SystemWhy Do I Yawn? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________~~a YAWN.
Why Do I ______________________? Sneezing is like a cough in the upper breathing passages. It is the body's way of removing an irritant from the sensitive mucous membranes of the nose. Many things can irritate the mucous membranes. Dust, pollen, pepper or even a cold blast of air are just some of the many things that may cause you to sneeze.
Irritants of the Respiratory System Cont.
What Causes Hiccups? Hiccups are the sudden movements of the _______________________. It is involuntary --- you have no control over hiccups, as you well know. There are many causes of hiccups. The diaphragm may get irritated, you may have eaten to fast, or maybe some substance in the blood could even have brought on the hiccups.
What Causes _____________________________ When something gets into your trachea and/or bronchi and irritates it, your body sends you a signal to cough, so your body can get rid of that irritant
Care of the Respiratory SystemHow do you keep your respiratory system healthy?
Do you smoke---tobacco or otherwise?Do you know what that can do to your ability to access and use the essential oxygen?
Do you avoid environmental pollutants when possible?If you can avoid breathing in what is not meant to be breathed in, just imagine the benefits!!Do you know what happened to those heroes on 9-11 that were forced to breathe in the remnants of the Twin Towers
Not only are they psychologically suffering, they are physically suffering as well
Care of the Respiratory System cont.
Do you exercise?Do you know what cardio-respiratory endurance is?You are not only improving the efficiency of your heart, you are also improving your lung efficiency and capacity
Do you practice good personal hygiene?Do you wash your hands to help prevent infections of the respiratory system
Fun Facts about the Respiratory System
-The right lung is slightly larger than the left. -Hairs in the nose help to clean the air we breathe as well as warming it. -The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour. -The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court. -The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometers if placed end to end. -We lose half a litre of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor we see when we breathe onto glass.
Fun Facts Cont.-A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute. -The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men. -Human lungs have approximately 1500 miles of airways. -300 million alveoli can be found in a set of human lungs.-The average person breathes in the equivalent of 13 pints of air each minute. -Plants help humans to breathe by taking in the carbon dioxide humans exhale and converting it into oxygen that humans need.
Fun Facts Cont.-Guinness World Records lists Charles Osborne from Anthon, Iowa as a record-holder for hiccupping. He hiccupped for 68 years. -Young children laugh an average of 300 times a day, while adults average somewhere between 15 to 100 times. -The saying that ‘Laughter is the best medicine’ may have some truth to it. It is said that laughing helps boost the immune system.
Problems of the Respiratory System
Bronchitis
An inflammation of the ____________________Caused by an infection or exposure to irritants
______________________________________________________________________________
The membranes produce excessive mucus in the airwaysTreated with meds that dilate the bronchial passageways
PneumoniaAn inflammation of the lungsCommonly caused by a _______________ or _________________ infection__________________ swell and become clogged with mucus – decreases the gas exchangeCough, fever, chills, chest painBacterial can be treated with _________________Sometimes requires hospitalization and/or surgery to remove the excess fluids
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest cavity
Asthma_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Involuntary muscle contraction of the smooth airway muscles that causes wheezingAcute-can be relieved with an inhalerMay require meds to reduce inflammationAvoid triggering irritants
Asthmas Cont.
Asthma Cont.
SinusitisInflammation of the tissues that line the sinuses
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Nasal congestion, headache, feverTreat with nasal decongestant or sprays and antibiotics
TuberculosisContagious __________________ infection that usually affects the lungs
Immune system surrounds the infected area and isolates it – can last many years without symptomsActive symptoms
Cough, fever, fatigue, weight lossTreated with antibiotics
Emphysema__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Difficulty breathing and chronic coughTissue damage is irreversible***almost always caused by smoking
Lung CancerCancer of the cells and tissues of the lungs
_______________________________________________________________________________________Can be caused by smoking, second-hand smoke, radon (second leading cause)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Irritation of the lungs can lead to the following:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Many people develop two or three of these togetherCan be caused by smoking
Cystic FibrosisAn inherited disease affecting the lungs.CF causes the ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The mucus can clog the airways in the lungs and make a person more likely to get bacterial infections