Respiratory System. identify and give functions for the following structures: - Nasal cavity Larynx...
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Transcript of Respiratory System. identify and give functions for the following structures: - Nasal cavity Larynx...
Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
identify and give functions for the following structures:
identify and give functions for the following structures:
- Nasal cavity Larynx alveoli Trachea diaphragm and ribs Bronchi pleural membranes Bronchioles pharynx thoracic cavity
- Nasal cavity Larynx alveoli Trachea diaphragm and ribs Bronchi pleural membranes Bronchioles pharynx thoracic cavity
Respiratory systemRespiratory system
Responsible for O2 entering and CO2 leaving body
Functions in coordination with the circulatory system
Responsible for O2 entering and CO2 leaving body
Functions in coordination with the circulatory system
Upper Respiratory TractUpper Respiratory Tract
1.
2.
3.
4.
Resp system diagramResp system diagram
BREATHING The inner pleural membrane is fused
to the lungs While the outer pleural membrane
adheres to the rib cage. A thin layer of fluid lies between the two
layers.
BREATHING The inner pleural membrane is fused
to the lungs While the outer pleural membrane
adheres to the rib cage. A thin layer of fluid lies between the two
layers.
Video (Start @ 23s)
Pleural MembranePleural Membrane
These membranes create and maintain an environment of NEGATIVE PRESSURE in the thoracic cavity.
Negative pressure is air pressure that is less (756mmHg) than the pressure of the surrounding air (760mmHg)
These membranes create and maintain an environment of NEGATIVE PRESSURE in the thoracic cavity.
Negative pressure is air pressure that is less (756mmHg) than the pressure of the surrounding air (760mmHg)
If the seal between the pleural membranes is broken (air gets between them) the lungs will collapse.
If the seal between the pleural membranes is broken (air gets between them) the lungs will collapse.
Reconstructive plastic surgery of the nose tip (after traumatic amputation from a human bite)
Reconstructive plastic surgery of the nose tip (after traumatic amputation from a human bite)
What happens??What happens??1. Breathing
inhalation(inspiration)/expiration(exhalation)
2. External Respiration: exchange of gases between air and blood (@ alveoli with capillaries)
3. Internal Respiration: exchange of gases between blood and tissue (@ capillaries and tissue cells)
4. Cellular Respiration
1. Breathing inhalation(inspiration)/expiration(exhalation)
2. External Respiration: exchange of gases between air and blood (@ alveoli with capillaries)
3. Internal Respiration: exchange of gases between blood and tissue (@ capillaries and tissue cells)
4. Cellular Respiration
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
Absorbed at small intestine. Arrives at cells via capillaries. Diffuses from capillaries into tissue fluid
Inhaled at lungs arrives via capillaries Diffuses into tissue fluid
Produced in cell. Diffuses into capillary. Exhaled at lungs
Produced at cell. Diffuses into capillary
For use within cell
BreathingBreathing
As air enters the body, it is: 1. Warmed 2. Filtered (by nose hairs and mucus) 3. Moistened
Video
As air enters the body, it is: 1. Warmed 2. Filtered (by nose hairs and mucus) 3. Moistened
Video
Mucus: traps foreign particles and debrisCilia: short, hair-like projections that propels the mucus, impurities out of respiratory tract
These structures contain cilia and mucus secreting goblet
cells
These structures contain cilia and mucus secreting goblet
cells
Showing nasal polyps - a swelling of the lining (mucosa) of the nose.
generally occur due to long-standing inflammation of the mucosa and the sinuses surrounding the nasal cavity
Showing nasal polyps - a swelling of the lining (mucosa) of the nose.
generally occur due to long-standing inflammation of the mucosa and the sinuses surrounding the nasal cavity
Overhead notes!Overhead notes!
B) Mechanism of Expiration/Exhalation
B) Mechanism of Expiration/Exhalation
Alveoli have been stretched due to inspiration
Stretch receptors in the walls of the alveolar sacs are stimulated
Alveoli have been stretched due to inspiration
Stretch receptors in the walls of the alveolar sacs are stimulated
Feedback of information to the breathing centers in the medulla oblongata inhibits
(stops) the motor nerve impulses to the diaphragm
and intercostal muscles
Feedback of information to the breathing centers in the medulla oblongata inhibits
(stops) the motor nerve impulses to the diaphragm
and intercostal muscles
Diaphragm and ribs relax; the diaphragm becomes dome shaped
and the ribs swing down and in. The volume of the chest cavity decreases creating a high pressure environment
Air rushes out of the lungs due to increased pressure compared to the
outside. The lungs recoil
Diaphragm and ribs relax; the diaphragm becomes dome shaped
and the ribs swing down and in. The volume of the chest cavity decreases creating a high pressure environment
Air rushes out of the lungs due to increased pressure compared to the
outside. The lungs recoil
Inflating Giraffe’s Lungs
Giraffe DissectionGiraffe Dissection
Intro to Giraffe Dissection Inflating Giraffe’s lungs Giraffe’s larynx
Intro to Giraffe Dissection Inflating Giraffe’s lungs Giraffe’s larynx
External RespirationIn the lungs
External RespirationIn the lungs
• Air sacs with thin walls surrounded by capillaries• Site of gas exchange - driven by passive diffusion• O2 moves from
alveoli to blood
Video
Overhead notesOverhead notes
Internal and external respiration
Internal and external respiration
Pneumonia Infection by
bacteria, viruses, fungi,
Alveoli become flooded and inflamed
Pneumonia Infection by
bacteria, viruses, fungi,
Alveoli become flooded and inflamed
Respiration and HealthRespiration and Health
Caused by Virus or bacteria
Caused by Virus or bacteria
Acute BronchitisAcute Bronchitis
Chronic BronchitisChronic Bronchitis
Strep ThroatStrep Throat
Caused by bacterial infectionSymptoms include fever and difficulty swallowing
Pulmonary TuberculosisPulmonary Tuberculosis
Caused by bacteriaResults in burst alveoli replaced by inelastic connective tissueSkin test can be done to see if exposed to TB
EmphysemaEmphysema
Destruction of alveolar walls (rupture) due to collapse of bronchiolesLoss of alveoli results in reduced surface area for gas exchange not enough O2 reaching heart and brain heart works harder to supply O2 to cells
Pulmonary FibrosisPulmonary Fibrosis
• Scarring of the lung due to secondary diseases
• Excess fibrous connective tissue