The The RenaissanceRenaissance

The BeginningThe term Renaissance means ―rebirth in Latin.

• It was a period from about 1300 to 1650 C.E. in which Europe experienced a rebirth of art and learning.

• The Renaissance started in Italy where wealth from trade supported art learning.

• It was influenced by very powerful Italian families such as the Medici’s who were bankers out of Florence.

• The families gave financial support, or patronage, to various artists.

• Here also modern capitalism was born. Private individuals or companies, not the government, owned businesses. The main goal is profit.

• Venice experienced great prosperity. Allowed the development of republican governments, headed by an elected doge, or leader.

So where did they get the ideas from?

Far in the East a power was growing which would change the world…the Ottomans!

They took over the Islam kingdoms and in 1453 they captured the Byzantine capital, Constantinople!

The Walls of Constantinople

The Ottoman Empire

What do the Ottomans have to do with the

RenaissanceWell…Once the Ottomans enteredEast Europe many Greek professors and scholars fled to Italy for safety.

In Italy they brought the ancient Greek and Roman books on

philosophy, history, mathematics, drama, science,

and government!

Once there, the Greek scholars opened universities

But there was also…trade!

VeniceVenice

These two cities began to transport goods from the Middle East since the Crusades They brought new ideas, technology, and products

back from the East and spurred the drive for knowledge

GenoaGenoa

Characteristics of the Characteristics of the RenaissanceRenaissance

Individualism

Questioning Attitude/ Critical thinking

Interest in Secular, or non-religious, worldly matters

Rise of the middle class (merchants)

Characteristics of the Characteristics of the RenaissanceRenaissance

Humanismfocus on human

achievement rather than religious themes.

Became a movement.

Due to secular nature and its questioning attitude, often ran into conflict with the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church and Medieval thought

Medieval ArtMedieval Art

Artists depicted subjects in an unrealistic 2D style

Some of the great art work was in the stain glass windows, but again, 2D.

Characteristics of Characteristics of Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art

Three Dimensional (3-D)

Realistic & LifelikeInfluenced by Greco-Roman culture; its forms and its themes (i.e. beauty of the human body)

New mediums: Oil on canvasAnd old: Frescos

The importance of religion in art

Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da Vinci• 1452-1519• Painter, scultor, studied geology, chemistry, and anatomy. Designed buildings, canals, weapons, and drew flying machines and engines

• Developed the “Renaissance Man” ideal– Successful in business, well-mannered, educated,

athletic, and brave

Renaissance ManRenaissance Man Could anyone in America be

considered a Renaissance Man?

Ben Franklin vs. Ben Franklin vs. Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da VinciDa Vinci

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Compare/contrast the characteristics of the two figures. Are they both renaissance Men?

Franklin

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Leonardo Da Vinci’s Leonardo Da Vinci’s WorksWorks

Mona Lisa

La Scapigliata

The Last Supper

Gran Cavallo

MichelangeloMichelangelo

David

The Last Judgment Sistine Chapel

• Michelangelo Buonaroti (1475-1564) painted (the Sistine Chapel ceiling), sculptured (David), designed

• buildings, and wrote poetry

David

DonatelloDonatello

DavidSt. John

TitianTitian

1488-1576

Tiziano Vecelli or Vecellio, commonly known as Titian, was one of the greatest 16th century Renaissance painters of Venice, Italy

San Marco Square

Bacchus and Ariandne

RaphaelRaphael• Among his best known

frescoes in the Vatican is The School of Athens. Raphael continued to work on the rooms until 1513, under the reign of Leo X, but left the last sections almost entirely to his pupils.

• In the meantime he worked on other tasks, such as secular and sacred decorations for various buildings, portraits, altarpieces, cartoons for tapestries, designs for dishes and stage sceneries.

• Raphael also became chief architect of the new Saint Peter's Basilica (the construction of which began in 1506)

RaphaelRaphael School of Athens Galatea

St. Peter’s Cathedral in St. Peter’s Cathedral in the Vaticanthe Vatican

Home of the Catholic Church and the Pope

Designed by Michelangelo and Raphael- also served as architects

The Renaissance Moves The Renaissance Moves NorthNorth

Because of the plague, it was not until 1450 that northern Europe enjoyed the economic growth that helped support the Renaissance in Italy.

• Northern artists and writers imitated Italian styles while adding new methods and ideas of their own.

• As a result of the printing press, books became more available and people became more literate.

The Renaissance Moves The Renaissance Moves NorthNorth

• Northern Humanists stressed education and classical learning, however, unlike the Italian humanists, they emphasized religious themes.

• They believed that the revival should be used to bring about religious and moral reform.

Albretch DurerAlbretch Durer

1471-1578German painter,

mathematician, printmaker, and engraver.

Adoration of the Magi

Jan van EyckJan van Eyck

1394-1441Belgian painter

Giovanni Arnolfini and Bride

Renaissance WritersRenaissance Writers

Began to use the vernacular instead of classical Latin.– (vernacular = the native

language)

PetrarchPetrarch Considered the Father

of Humanism.• Believed God had

given man his intellect and potential to be used to the fullest.

• Wrote poetry in Italian and enumerable works in Latin on different subjects, but is best known for his Letters, which fill two volumes.

• These he wrote to his dead love, Laura who died from the plague

William William ShakespeareShakespeare

• The best known Renaissance writer was William Shakespeare.

• Between 1590 and 1613 he wrote 38 plays that are still performed around the world.

HamletTaming of the ShrewA Midsummer’s Night DreamRomeo and JulietMacBeth

DanteDante

The Divine Comedy

• tells the story of a man’s journey through heaven and hell.

Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury

Tales

• Series of stories depicting the lives of whole social spectrum on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Beckett at the Canterbury Cathedral in England

BoccaccioBoccaccio Decameron

– Written in 1353, it is a collection of novellas (stories) that demonstrate life in the time and portrays many of the Renaissance attitudes.

Desiderius ErasmusDesiderius ErasmusA priest who wrote books,

including The Praise of Folly 1509, condemned ignorance and superstition. He believed education could lead to more perfect societies.

• He inspired his colleagues to study Greek and Hebrew so that they could understand older versions of the Bible.

• His writings also Christian humanist’s desire to reform Catholicism to eliminate abuse.

ErasmusErasmus The Handbook of the Christian

Knight

– A work of a Christian Humanist, The Handbook speaks clearly and logically to Christian concerning how their secular lives should reflect their spiritual life

In Praise of Folly

– Book in which Erasmus criticizes the areas of society that were in most need of reform, such as monasteries and church corruption.

– Protrayed the Pope as Folly, the Jester

MachiavelliMachiavelli Machiavelli was a political

philosopher.

• The Prince advised kings how to rule.

• In Machiavelli way of thinking: The end justifies the means.

– If it works, it is the "right" thing to do.

– Forget ideals; lie, cheat, even murder if you must. A stable state is needed.

The Prince First work of political science, instruction manual for the Prince to do what is necessary to stay in power and stability.

Sir Thomas MoreSir Thomas MoreServed in the court of Henry VIII

- only person considered to have virtue and allowed to remain Catholic - tried to persuade King Henry

to remain Catholic - eventually made a saint of

the Catholic Church Utopia

• a work of fiction, tells the story of a land that is almost perfect in every way and serves as an example of what the world should be.

The Printing The Printing RevolutionRevolution

In 1456, Johann Gutenberg printed the Bible using movable metal type on a machine called a printing press.

• Printed books became cheap and easier to produce that hand copies.

• Now, readers gained access to broad range of knowledge. (Medicine to Religion)

• The printing press would greatly contribute to the Protestant Reformation.

Think about the following and write your answer in a

paragraph• Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?• What were the defining characteristics of

the Renaissance?• What were some of the common

characteristics of Renaissance?• art and how did it differ from medieval art?• What was the cultural impact of the

Renaissance on Europe and the rest of the world?