The Renaissance “Rebirth”

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The Renaissance “Rebirth” 1300’s-1600’s

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The Renaissance “Rebirth”. 1300’s-1600’s. Renaissance = rebirth. Began in Italy Rome and all of it’s history was there Characteristics: Revival in learning Urban society with a secular (worldly) viewpoint and wealth - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of The Renaissance “Rebirth”

Page 1: The Renaissance “Rebirth”

The Renaissance“Rebirth”

1300’s-1600’s

Page 2: The Renaissance “Rebirth”

Renaissance = rebirth

• Began in Italy– Rome and all of it’s history was there

• Characteristics:– Revival in learning– Urban society with a secular (worldly) viewpoint and

wealth– Recovery from disasters like the plague and a

decline in the Church’s power– Emphasized individual ability- “Renaissance Man”

like Leonardo da Vinci

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Important Italian City-States

• Florence (Northern Italy)– Medici family (Lorenzo Medici especially)– Cultural center of Italy

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Niccolo Machiavelli

• Wrote The Prince– About political power in the western world– How to get and keep power

• Leader acts on behalf of the state and can’t be concerned with what is morally right/wrong, only what will keep him in power

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Renaissance Society

• 3 estates/classes• Peasants/Townspeople

– 85-90% of the population– Mostly merchants and artisans– 1300’s-1400’s feudalism ended and urban poverty rose dramatically– Urban society

• Patricians: wealth from trade, industry, and banking (dominate community)

• Burghers: shopkeepers, artisans• Workers: pitiful wages• Unemployed: 30-40% of population

• Nobles• 2-3% of population• Held most important political posts, advisors to the king

• Clergy

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Humanism

• Intellectual movement of the Renaissance– Based on study of the classics (ancient Greeks and

Romans)• Petrarch: father of Italian humanism, began emphasis on

using pure classical Latin

– 14th century: intellectual life of solitude (monks)– 15th century: active life for one’s state, study of

humanities should be put to the service of the state so they served as secretaries in the city-states and to the princes and popes

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Vernacular Literature (own language)

• Dante: Divine Comedy – a soul’s journey to salvation, written in Italian

• Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales- collection of stories told by a group journeying to the tomb of St. Thomas a Becket at Canterbury in England, described English society, written in English

• Christine de Pizan: French works written in defense of women, French vernacular

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Education

• Humanists believed education could dramatically change human beings’ lives

• Liberal Studies– Enabled people to reach full potential– History, moral philosophy, rhetoric (public

speaking), grammar and logic, math, astronomy, music, and physical education

– Purpose: to produce individuals who follow a path of virtue and wisdom, a practical education to create complete citizens

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Girls’ Education

• Few went to school• Girls studied the classics and were encouraged

to know some history, how to ride, dance, sing, play the lute, and appreciate poetry

• NOT taught rhetoric or math• Religion and morals should be the foremost in

educating “Christian ladies” so they could become good wives and mothers

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Artistic Renaissance in Italy• Humans became the

focus of attention and were portrayed realistically

• Perspective: enabled artists to create the illusion of 3 dimensions so art looks more realistic

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v407/n6801/images/407134aa.0.jpg

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New Techniques in Painting

• Fresco: painting done on wet plaster– Masaccio very well

known for his frescoes

• Also one of first to master perspective

The Tribute Money

www.myeport.com/.../slideshow/2/1.28070.G.jpg

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Sculpture and Architecture

• Donatello– Sculptor– Statue of Saint George:

realistic, freestanding figure

Donatello: Statue of Saint George

http://www.artchive.com/artchive/d/donatello/donatello_george.jpg

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Masters of the High Renaissance 1490-1520: Final stage of Renaissance painting

• Leonardo da Vinci– Realistic painting– Goal was to create

idealized forms that would capture the perfection of nature and the individual

– Dissected bodies to see how they naturally worked

www.latifm.com/artists/image/da-vinci-leonard...

www.penwith.co.uk/artofeurope/leonardo_da_vin...

Mona Lisa

The Last Supper

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• Raphael– One of best painters in

Italy– Known for his

Madonnas– Tried to achieve an

ideal of beauty far surpassing human standards

– Known for frescoes in the Vatican Palace The School of Athens

www.penwith.co.uk/artofeurope/raphael.htm

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• Michelangelo– Painter, sculptor,

architect– Driven by desire to

create, worked with great passion and energy on many projects

– Sistine Chapel ceiling in Rome

• Ideal figures in perfect proportions

http://www.italianvisits.com/people/michelangelo/images/michelangelo-sistine_chapel.jpg

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Northern Artistic RenaissanceLow Countries: Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands• Flanders: cultural and artistic center of the

Northern Renaissance• How was the Northern Renaissance different

than in Italy? (besides happening a little later)– Italy: Large spaces to work on, mastered technical

skills that allowed them to portray humans in realistic settings

– North: Gothic Cathedrals (less space), no frescoes, painted illustrations for books and wooden panels for altar pieces, not as many learned perspective as quickly

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Artists of the Northern Renaissance

• Jan van Eyck– Among 1st to use oil paint,

could use a variety of colors and create fine details with it

– Imitated nature by observing reality and portraying those details the best he could

– Did NOT use perspectiveThe Ghent Altarpiece

www.ibiblio.org/.../auth/eyck/ghent/ghentopn.jpg

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• Albrecht Dürer– Learned perspective

during trips to Italy– Tried to use the details of

the Northern artists and combine with the Italian techniques

– Tried to achieve a standard of ideal beauty based on careful examination of the human form The Adoration of the Maji

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