The relation between quality of dwelling, socio-economic data and well-being in EU 28
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Transcript of The relation between quality of dwelling, socio-economic data and well-being in EU 28
The relation between quality of dwelling, socio-economic data and well-being in EU28 and its Member StatesInitial results
Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John
15/07/2016
© ECOFYS | |
Introduction
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John2
> WHO definition (since 1948)
– “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
> 508 million European citizens (EUROSTAT, 2015) spend 80-90% of their
time INDOORS (living and working).
Europe‘s buildings are having a major impact on
Europeans‘ physical, mental and social well-being!
© ECOFYS | |
New Research
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John3
> Research assessing statistical links between well-being and housing
conditions is largely missing!
> A detailed Ecofys study on „The relation between quality of dwelling,
socio-economic data and well-being in EU28 and its Member States”
just started.
The research is based on analysing Eurostat microdata
from the EU-wide survey „Income and Living Conditions in
Europe“ (EU-SILC)
© ECOFYS | |
Disclaimer
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John4
> The following results are based on the statistical evaluation of EU-SILC
cross-sectional microdata from 2012.
> Results are to be understood as preliminary; further upcoming
refinement of the statistical analyses may lead to some changes in the
final results.
> Note: all analyses have been conducted on „household“ level; this
means results show percentages of the numbers of households – due to
different average numbers of household members in different dwelling
types this is not equivalent to shares of „population“.
© ECOFYS | |
Theme I: Dwelling types
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John5
Summary
– Aprox. 35% of European households live in detached, 25% in semi-
detached, 15% in multi-family buildings < 10 apartments and 25%
in multi-family buildings ≥ 10 apartments
– In the subset of CEE countries approx. 50% of households live in
detached buildings and almost 40% in multi-family buildings ≥ 10
apartments
– => in the discussion about how to improve the energy efficiency of
the European building stock, detached and semi-detached buildings
deserve as much attention as multi-family buildings.
© ECOFYS | |
Households by dwelling type
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John6
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU2
8
CE
E
HR SI
NO DK
RO
HU FI SE SK BG PL
CY FR AT EL
PT CZ IE EE LU LT IS BE
LV UK
CH IT NL
ES
MT
Households per dwelling type
Detached Semi-detached MFH <10 MFH >=10
© ECOFYS | |
Households by tenure status
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John7
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU2
8
CE
E
RO LT HR
BG SK PL
LV SI
HU EE EL
CZ
MT IT ES CY PT IE FR FI LU BE
UK
AT
NO IS DK SE NL
CH
Tenure status for all dwelling types
Outright Owner Owner paying mortgage tenant Accomodation is rendet at reduced rate Accomodation is provided free
© ECOFYS | |
Theme II: Dwelling types and tenure status
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John8
Summary
– While both across the EU28 and CEE approx. 50% of households live
in a detached or semi-detached building owned by themselves,
amongst those owners in CEE there is a significantly higher share of
households who do not have any outstanding mortgage or loans.
– Compared to EU28, in CEE countries there is a significantly higher
share of households who own their apartment in a multi-family
building rather than renting it. This difference increases when it is
about owner-households who do not have any outstanding
mortgage or loans.
– => this is a very significant fact to consider when it is about
designing financing strategies for renovating Europe‘s building stock
© ECOFYS | |
Households in detached and semi-detached houses by
tenure status
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John9
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU
28
CEE IE
NO UK
NL
HR
DK
CY
BE SI FI FR LU HU PT RO
BG SE IS EL AT PL
MT SK CZ IT LT EE ES
CH LV
Tenure status for subsets detached and semi-detached
Outright Owner Owner paying mortgage Tentant
Accomodation is rented at reduced rate Accomodation is provided free
© ECOFYS | |
Households in multi-family houses by tenure status
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John10
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU
28
CEE LV CH ES
EE LT IT CZ SK MT PL AT EL IS SE BG
RO PT
HU LU FR FI SI BE
CY
DK
HR
NL
UK
NO IE
Tenure status for subsets multi-family houses
Outright Owner Owner paying mortgage Tentant
Accomodation is rendet at reduced rate Accomodation is provided free
© ECOFYS | |
Theme III: Structural problems showing in or
resulting from too high moisture
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John11
Summary
> Approx 1/6 (15%) of EU households report to have a leaking roof, and/or
damp floor /walls / roof / foundation or rot in window frames or floor =>
this equals approx. 32 million households
> Approx. 2/3 of these structural problems are related to households in
detached or semi-detached buildings both across EU and CEE which is
higher than those dwelling types‘ total share being approx. 61% across EU
and 55% across CEE.
> As there are much less households per detached or semi-detached
buildings than in multi-family buildings approx. 90% of these structural
problems are allocated in detached or semi-detached buildings
> These structural problems indicate very poor thermal quality, too: roughly
30% of those households reporting structural humidity problems report to
be unable to keep their dwelling comfortably warm, too (10 million). We
hypothesise that these households have the highest probability to suffer
from health problems which will be subject to further analysis.
© ECOFYS | |
Households with leaking roof by dwelling type
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John12
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
EU2
8
CE
E SI CY LV HU PT EE IT BE LT RO IS HR
LU UK EL
DK
NL
BG
MT IE ES FR AT PL
CH CZ SK NO SE FI
Leaking roof, damp wall/ floors/ foundation, or rot window frames or floor per dwelling type
Detached Semi-detached MFH <10 MFH >=10
© ECOFYS | |
Households in dwellings with structural problems by dwelling
comfortably warm / not comfortably warm in winter
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John13
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
EU
28
CEU SI CY LV H
U PT EE IT BE LT RO IS HR
LU UK EL DK
NL
BG
MT ES IE FR AT PL CH CZ SK NO SE FI
Households with leaking roof and comfortably warm dwelling during winter time
comfortably warm not comfortably warm
© ECOFYS | |
Theme IV: Lack of daylight
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John14
Summary:
> Approx. 6% of all EU households (13 million) report a lack of daylight
> The distribution of those between detached/semi-detached buildings and
multi-family buildings is similar to the total of households
> Surprisingly there is no obvious correlation between a country‘s latitude
and the percentage of households who perceive their dwelling to be too
dark. This needs further analysis.
> The relative share of households reporting not to feel comfortably warm in
winter is much higher within households that also report insufficient
daylight than in the total of households (approx. 30% (=1.9% out of
6.5%) vs. 13% in all EU, and 40% (2.4% out of 6.2%) vs. 16% in CEE)
> We hypothesise that households suffering from the combination of lack of
daylight and not feeling comfortably warm during winter have a higher
probability of health issues; this will be analysed further.
© ECOFYS | |
Households in dwellings perceived to be too dark by
dwelling type
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John15
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
EU2
8
CE
E PT LV SI
HU FR LT MT
BE
UK IT CH EL
PL
LU HR IE SE RO EE AT
BG FI CY
NO ES NL
SK CZ
DK IS
Dwelling too dark per dwelling type
Detached Semi-detached MFH <10 MFH >=10
© ECOFYS | |
Households in dwellings perceived to be too dark, by
comfortably warm / not comfortably warm in winter
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John16
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
EU28
CE
E PT LV SI
HU
MT
FR LT BE
UK
CH IT EL
PL
LU HR IE AT SE EE RO
BG CY FI
NO ES NL
SK CZ
DK IS
Households that are too dark and comfortably warm during winter time
comfortably warm not comfortably warm
© ECOFYS | |
Theme V: Dwelling not comfortably cool in summer
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John17
Summary:
> A quite high share of approx. 19% of all EU households (41 million) and
25% in CEE (10 million) report their dwelling not to be comfortably cool in
summer
– Within that group the share of households who live in multi-family
buildings is significantly higher than in the total of households
– Within that group the share of households who report difficulties or
great difficulties to make ends meet is drastically higher than in the
total of households
● while in EU28 approx. 11% of households report to have difficulties
or great difficulties to make ends meet, this share increases to 44%
within the group of households not having their dwelling comfortably
warm in winter
● in CEE the corresponding numbers are 18% vs. 55%.
> This again highlights the necessity that long-term renovation strategies for
Europe‘s building need to prioritise not just by building quality but also by
the vulnerability (income, lack of comfort, danger for health) of their
inhabitants.
© ECOFYS | |
Households in dwellings perceived not cool enough during
summer by dwelling type
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John18
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
EU
28
CEE BG EL PT MT
LV CY
HU
HR PL LT IT FI ES
EE
SK CZ
RO FR SI NL
AT
CH BE
NO LU DK SE IS IE UK
Dwelling not cool enough during summer
Detached Semi-detached MFH <10 MFH >10
© ECOFYS | |
Households in dwellings perceived not cool enough during
summer time by ability to make ends meet
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John19
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
EU28 CEE BG EL MT
PT LV CY
HU
HR PL LT IT FI ES EE SK CZ
RO FR SI NL
AT
CH BE
NO LU DK SE IS IE UK
Dwelling not cool enough during summer by ability to make ends meet
with great difficulty with difficulty with some difficulty fairly easily easily very easily
© ECOFYS | |
Theme VI: Dwelling not comfortably warm in winter
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John20
Summary:
> Approx. 13% of all EU households (28 million) report their dwelling not to be
comfortably warm in winter
– Within that group the distribution of dwelling types is similar to the total
– Within that group the share of households who rent their dwelling or get it
for free is significantly higher than in the total of households.
– Within that group the share of households who report difficulties or great
difficulties to make ends meet is drastically higher than in the total of
households:
● while in EU28 approx. 11% of households report to have difficulties or
great difficulties to make ends meet, this share increases to 55%
within the group of households not having their dwelling comfortably
warm in winter
● in CEE the corresponding numbers are 18% vs. 68%.
> This highlights the necessity that long-term renovation strategies for Europe‘s
building need to prioritise not just by building quality but also by the
vulnerability (income, lack of comfort, danger for health) of their inhabitants.
© ECOFYS | |
Households in dwellings perceived not comfortably warm
in winter by tenure status
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John21
0,0%
5,0%
10,0%
15,0%
20,0%
25,0%
30,0%
35,0%
40,0%
45,0%
50,0%
EU2
8
CEE PT BG
MT
CY EL LV EE
FR HU AT PL UK IT IE LT ES
BE SI FI CZ HR
RO
NO IS CH DK SK LU NL
SE
Share of tenure status in dwellings not comfortably warm during winter time
Outright Owner Owner paying mortgage Tenant Accomodation is rented at reduced rate Accomodation is provided free
© ECOFYS | |
Households in dwellings perceived not comfortably warm
in winter by ability to make ends meet
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John22
0,0%
5,0%
10,0%
15,0%
20,0%
25,0%
30,0%
35,0%
40,0%
45,0%
50,0%
EU28
CE
E PT
BG
MT EL
LV CY
HU LT EE PL
FR ES IT IE BE
RO
DK
NO CZ
HR FI SK CH NL SI SE UK IS AT
LU
Households not comfortably warm during winter, ability to make ends meet
With great difficulty With difficulty With some difficulty Fairly easily Easily Very easily
© ECOFYS | |
Conclusion
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John23
> The initial analyses of shares of households for single variables already
reveals significant deficiencies in Europe‘s building stock as to
– Comfortable temperatures in winter and/or summer
– Sufficient daylight comfort
– Structural problems from too high humidity.
> These deficiencies seem to correlate with each other, e.g. buildings with
structural problems seem to have a higher probability of comfort issues
> Between EU28, CEE and single EU MS, there are huge differences
> Financially vulnerable households seem to have a much higher probability
to live in a dwelling featuring one or several of above mentioned problems
> Therefore long-term renovation strategies for improving the energy
efficiency of Europe‘s buildings need to be prioritised by building quality
and by their inhabitants vulnerability (income, lack of comfort, danger for
health)
> Climate targets require drastic energy efficiency improvements of Europe‘s
buildings till 2050. This is a unique opportunity to heal above mentioned
deficiencies which are known for their potential to spoil well-being.
© ECOFYS | |
Country Codes
12/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John24
AT Austria HR Croatia RO Romania
BE Belgium HU Hungary SE Sweden
BG Bulgaria IE Ireland SI Slovenia
CY Cyprus IT Italy SK Slovakia
CZ Czech Republic LT Lithuania UK United Kingdom
DK Denmark LU Luxembourg CH Switzerland
EE Estonia LV Latvia IS Iceland
EL Greece (1) MT Malta NO Norway
ES Spain NL Netherlands
FI Finland PL Poland EU28 EU28 (without Germany who did not grant access to the data)
FR France PT Portugal CEE Central & Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Croatia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia)
© ECOFYS | |
In case of questions, please contact us for more information
Dr Andreas H. Hermelink
Ecofys Germany GmbH
Albrechtstr. 10c
13469 Berlin
T: +49 30 297 735 79-50
I: www.ecofys.com
15/07/2016 Dr Andreas H. Hermelink, Ashok John25