The regulating systems of the human body
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Transcript of The regulating systems of the human body
THE REGULATING SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Juan Francisco GarcíaBiology
10th Grade
THE NERVOUS SYSTEMNada hay en la mente que no haya estado antes en los sentidos. (Aristóteles)
NERVOUS SYSTEMGroup of organs and tissues that
receive, analize and send signals and orders to the rest of the body.
The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron.
It´s divided in 2 systems:Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
NERVOUS CELLSNEURONS: Star-shaped cells, with nucleous,
but no cell organelles.
PARTS:Cell bodyNucleousAxonAxial DendritesTerminal DendritesAxon EndingMyelin Sheath
NERVOUS CELLSSCHWANN CELLS: cover the axon and produce myelin.
MYELIN: substance with conductive properties that facilitate the transmision of the electrical nervous impulse from one side of the neuron to the other one.
NERVOUS CELLSGLIAL CELLS: non-neuronal cells that maintain
homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain, and for neurons in
other parts of the nervous system such as in the autonomic nervous.
To surround neurons and hold them in place.
To supply
nutrients and oxygen to
neurons,
To insulate one neuron
from another,
To destroy
pathogens and remove
dead neurons.
SYNAPSEIt is an specialized
intercellular union between neurons or between one neuron and a efector cell.
TYPES OF SYNAPSEELECTRICAL:
Depolarization
CHEMICAL
Neurotransmitters
SINAPSE PROCESS
Synaptic vesicle
Neurotransmitter
Re-uptake Pump
Voltage-gated Ca++
channel
Postsynapticdensity
Receptor
Axon terminal
Synaptic cleft
Dendrite
Name the colors of the following words. Do NOT read the words...rather, say the color of the words.
CENTRAL
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
BRAIN• FOREBRAIN
• MIDBRAIN• HINDBRAIN
SPINAL CORD
NEURONS
BRAINMajor portion of the
encephalon
Made of 2 substances: white and gray.
2 Hemispheres: Left and Right
4 Lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital.
It coordinates multiple voluntary and advance functions of the body.
LOBES
• Hearing • Near
Hippocampus, Smelling
• Sight
• Sensory Organs
• Kynesic Organs
• Judgement• Perception • Motor Zone
FRONTAL PARIETAL
TEMPORAL
OCCIPITAL
FOREBRAIN
• Receiving and processing sensory information.
• Thinking.• Perceiving, producing and
understanding language.• Controlling motor function. • The forebrain contains
structures such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. It also contains the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum.
MIDBRAIN
• The midbrain and the hindbrain together make up the brainstem.
• It connects the hindbrain and the forebrain.
• This region of the brain is involved in auditory and visual responses as well as motor function.
HINDBRAIN
• It extends from the spinal cord and contains structures such as the pons and cerebellum.
• These regions assist in maintaining balance and equilibrium, movement coordination, and the conduction of sensory information.
• The hindbrain also contains the medulla oblongata which is responsible for controlling such autonomic functions as breathing, heart rate, and digestion.
CEREBELLUMCoordinates de movements of the body.
Located in the occipital lobe in the brain.
Small size.
BRAIN STEMCoordinates involuntary functions.
Coughing
Breathing
Sneezing
THE CORTEXYour brain's wrinkled surface is a specialized
outer layer of the cerebrum called the cortex. Scientists have "mapped" the cortex by identifying areas strongly linked to certain functions.
Specific regions of the cortex:
Interpret sensations from your body, and sights, sounds and smells from the outside world.
Generate thoughts, solve problems and make plans.
Form and store memories.Control voluntary movement.
NEURON FORESTThe real work of your brain goes
on in individual cells. An adult brain contains about 100 billion nerve cells, or neurons, with branches that connect at more than 100 trillion points. Scientists call this dense, branching network a "neuron forest.“
Signals traveling through the neuron forest form the basis of memories, thoughts, and feelings.