The Protestant Reformation

The Renaissance…

Weakened the ChurchPrinting press spread secular books

However – the other problem was the Church itself◦Spent $ on personal pleasure ◦Pursuing worldly affairs◦Priests broke vows by marrying and

drinking/gambling◦Indulgences - _____________________

But…I guess I understand being a teacherI don’t make a TON of money….So, I wanted to make a deal. Since

we are almost to the end of the semester, I am going to make a bargain:◦ If you want to give me $100 – I will give

you an A. ◦I will pardon you from all of your failing

grades

◦Any takers??

One man decided to make a change

Martin LutherHe wrote 95 Theses, or formal statements,

attacking the “pardon-merchants”On October 31, 1517 – he posted these

statements on the door of the castle churchThey were copied and became known all

over GermanyThis became known as the Reformation – a

movement for religious reformWhat exactly was this change about??

Document #1: Martin Luther read the following passage from the

Bible and it changed his view on God and salvation.

 

Romans 1:16-17: I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. For in the gospel a righteousness from God is revealed, a righteousness that is by faith from first to last, just as it is written: "The righteous will live by faith."   1. According to this passage who can receive salvation?

2. According to this passage from where does righteousness come?3. According to this passage how will the righteous live?4. Are the pope or the church mentioned in this passage?

Document #2: Martin Luther posted 95 arguments against the pope on the door of Wittenberg Church, here are some of them.

*“If the pope truly has the power to forgive sins, shouldn’t he do it for free out of love instead of for money?”

*“All those who are sure of salvation because of indulgences will be doomed to Hell, together with their teachers.”

*“Christians should be taught that one who gives to the poor, or lends to the needy, does a better action than if he purchases indulgences.”

*“The pope’s indulgences cannot remove even the guilt of the smallest sins.”

*“Since the pope is the richest man in the world, why doesn’t he use his own money to build churches instead of poor believers?”

1. How does Luther feel about indulgences? (Show video 4:43)2. How does Luther feel about the pope?3. Do you agree with Luther? Why or why not?

Document #3: Luther drew cartoons in his books to help the people understand his point.

The first picture shows Jesus Christ carrying the cross on which he would be crucified. The second picture shows the pope in a very different situation.

1. Describe the 2nd picture in detail.

2. Explain the differences between the two pictures.

3. What point do you think Luther was trying to make?

Document #4: Luther drew cartoons in his books to help the people understand his point.

The first picture shows the birth of Jesus Christ in a stable attended by animals. The second picture shows the pope in a very different situation.

1. Describe the 2nd picture in detail.

2. Explain the differences between the two pictures.

3. What point do you think Luther was trying to make?

Document #5:Music

1. Which church do you think this music came from? Why?

Catholic Church Music• polyphonic style (many voices entering at different

times)• clearly heard lyrics• step-by-step melodies and long phrases for a calm

feeling • Latin lyrics

 Lutheran Church Music

• Chordal style (multiple singers at once)• one syllable per note helps the words to be heard• regular beat• short musical phrases• German lyrics

Luther’s Teachings

1. People could win salvation only by ___________ in God’s gift of forgiveness. The Church taught that faith and “good works” were needed for salvation.

2. All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. Both the pope and church traditions were false authorities.

3. All people with faith were equal. Therefore, people did not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.

The Reaction to LutherHow do you think

the Church will react?

*Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther for heresy

*Holy Roman Emperor declared Luther an outlaw and that no one in his empire should give him food or shelter

*Books should be burned

How do you think his followers will react?

*Luther translated the New Testament to German

*Luther and his followers became a separate religious group called…??

-Lutherans!

*Princes signed a protest against the pope and became known as Protestants

*Protestants are Christians who belong to non-Catholic churches

Has anyone heard of predestination?

John Calvin published Institutes of the Christian Religion. (Summary of Protestant theology)◦ The religion based on his teachings

is called Calvinism

Predestination – God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved – “the elect”

In his government - there were very strict rules◦No one wore bright clothing,

no card games

Did you know:

*The Presbyterian Church was founded after a Scottish preacher named John Knox visited Geneva (Calvin’s model city)*Presbyters – were elders who governed the church

The Catholic ReformationProtestant churches won many

followers, however, millions remained true to Catholicism

However…in order to keep Catholics loyal to their church, what does the Catholic Church need to do?

*insert – you say you want a revolution

The Counter ReformationIgnatius of Loyola – gathered

followers and created the Society of Jesus◦“Jesuits” – focused on three

activities: 1. Founded superb schools throughout

Europe 2. Convert Non-Christians to

Catholicism 3. Stop the spread of Protestantism

Popes reformed the Church◦ Investigated indulgences◦ Inquisition – sought out heresy◦Council of church leaders to meet

The Council of TrentThe Church’s interpretation of

the Bible was finalChristians needed faith AND

good works for salvationThe Bible and Church tradition

were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life

Indulgences were valid expressions of faith – but the false selling of indulgences were banned

Burned books considered dangerous to Catholicism

Today’s Effects

France and Spain remained Catholic and spread Catholicism to Mexico and South America.

England and Germany became Protestant and spread Protestantism into what is now the USA.