The Progressive Erapart 2

Describe the influence of women and minorities on the reforms of the Progressive Era/Describe the goals

of leaders and groups in bringing about social, economic, and political change for African

Americans/Describe the problems faced by African Americans during the Progressive Era.

The influence of women on the reforms of the Progressive Era

• Settlement Houses– Jane Addams

• Temperance Movement– Carrie Nation

• Women’s Suffrage– Susan B. Anthony– Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Settlement houses• Community centers providing

assistance to residents in a slum neighborhood.

• Jane Addams & Ellen Starr created the Hull House in Chicago.

• Hull House served as an information bureau for new immigrants.– Helped unemployed find jobs.– Pressured politicians for improved city

services for the neighborhood.

Temperance Movement

• Campaign for prohibition– Prohibition: the banning of the

manufacture, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages.

• Carrie Nation– Opposition to alcohol.– Helped bring about the passage of the

18th amendment in 1919.

Women’s Suffrage• Suffrage: the right to vote.• Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony & Carrie

Chapman Catt– National American Woman Suffrage Association

(NAWSA)– By 1917, U.S. entry into WWI helped in passing the 19th

amendment because women were supporting the war efforts by selling war bonds and organizing benefits.

– President Wilson urged the Senate to pass the suffrage amendment stating the passage was “vital to the winning of the war”

• 19th amendment passed in 1919 and ratified by the states in 1920; women had equal rights to vote.

African Americans

Problems faced by African Americans

• Unequal opportunities in housing, work, education and government.

• Plessy v Ferguson• Poll tax• “Jim Crow” laws• Literacy tests• Racial segregation• Discrimination• Limits on the right to vote.

Racial Segregation

• Based upon race.

• Directed primarily against African Americans but other groups also were kept segregated.

• “Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate against African Americans.

Jim Crow

• Made discrimination practices legal in many communities and states

• Were characterized by unequal opportunities in housing, education, government.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

• In 1892 Homer Plessy, an African American, sued a railroad company arguing that segregated seating violated his 14th amendment right to “equal protection of the laws”

• 1896, supreme court ruled against Plessy.– Stated that “separate but equal” facilities did

not violate the 14th amendment.

*in the south separate facilities were not always equal. White controlled governments and companies allowed the facilities for African Americans to decay*

Individuals that called for change

• Booker T. Washington– Believed equality could be achieved through

vocational education.– Accepted social separation.– Founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama to help

African Americans learn trades and gain economic strength.

• W.E.B Dubois– Believed in full political, civil, and social rights for

African Americans.– Encouraged African Americans to reject segregation.– In 1909, founded the National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).