The Progressive Era, 1880-1920 Chapter 22. The Progressive Era, 1880-1920.
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Transcript of The Progressive Era, 1880-1920 Chapter 22. The Progressive Era, 1880-1920.
Main points & Issues
Origins of Progressivism Characteristics and Beliefs Moderate Responses to Extremes in
America Major Trends and Examples Successes and Legacies
Origins of Progressivism
Reaction to “extremes” of modern life Capitalism & individualism Urbanization & Industrialization Labor conflict Immigration Environmental exploitation Social “problems”
Characteristics
Middle class morality
Moderation Scientific Order and stability Active government Collective
responsibility
Economic Extremes
Corporate control of industry, resources
Rockefeller & Oil (1911) Carnegie & U.S. Steel “Big Four” railroads Political influence Anti-democratic
The Other “Extreme” Labor Unions Strikes & protests Knights of Labor AFL Populist Party United Mine Workers I.W.W.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
1911 New York City Locked doors 800 trapped 146 women died Female labor, bad
working conditions, immigrant rights, shop floor laws
Immigration& Progressivism
9 million between 1900-1910 The American Dream? Tenements and sweatshops Racial hierarchies Ethnic enclaves Southeastern Europe, Catholic,
languages and customs
Controlling Immigration 1882: Immigration Act
Tax, “idiots, lunatics, convicts, and persons likely to become a public charge”
1883: Chinese Exclusion Act Immigration Act of 1891
Polygamists, moral turpitude, diseases Office of the Superintendent of Immigration
1894: Immigration Restriction League 1895: Bureau of Immigration 1903: Moved to Department of Commerce &
Labor 1904: Made anti-Chinese laws permanent 1906: Basic Naturalization Act
1917 Immigration Act
"all idiots, imbeciles, feeble-minded persons, epileptics, insane persons; persons who have had one or more attacks of insanity at any time previously; persons of constitutional psychopathic inferiority; persons with chronic alcoholism; paupers; professional beggars; vagrants; persons afflicted with tuberculosis in any form or with a loathsome or dangerous contagious disease; persons not comprehended within any of the foregoing excluded classes who are found to be and are certified by the examining surgeon as being mentally or physically defective, such physical defect being of a nature which may affect the ability of such alien to earn a living; persons who have been convicted of or admit having committed a felony or other crime or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude; polygamists, or persons who practice polygamy or believe in or advocate the practice of polygamy; anarchists, or persons who believe in or advocate the overthrow by force or violence of the Government of the United States"
El Paso in the Progressive Era
Using Ringside Seat to a Revolution, find three examples of events, issues, debates, controversies, people, etc., that are related to the themes of the Progressive Era
Explain why and how are they Progressive Era issues.
El Paso in the Progressive Era
Housing, prostitution, poll taxes, drinking, inter-racial relationships
“Muckraker” journalism & photography
Revolution, 1910-1920s Anti-Mexican fears Radicalism Defacto segregation &
Segundo Barrio
The Border, The Bridge and the Bath Riots Control the border, orderly immigration Immigration Law of 1917 1917 shut down the bridge Mayor Tom Lea Carmelita Torres Delousing & the Bath Riots
Zyklon B Dozens died in fire
Eugenics & scientific racism
Progressivism in El Paso
Prohibition 1918 18th Amend 16 de Septiembre
Prostitution Vice squads Jazz & inter-racial
nightclubs Journalism, film &
photography
Segregated Schools Douglas & Aoy
Segundo Barrio & Chihuahuita
Destruction of Mexican adobe homes
Democratic Ring Poll taxes Censored newspapers
Settlement Houses
Jane Addams Hull House Employment, health,
education, language Assimilation and
Americanization Best and worst of
Progressivism
Public Health and Cities
No clean water Sewage systems Tenements Ventilation & fire
codes Zoning & regulation Tuberculosis &
disease
Progressive Journalism
Corruption and social injustice Raise the consciousness of America Morality, democracy, Christianity Muckrakers
Ida B. Wells and lynching Ida Tarbell and Standard Oil Upton Sinclair and The Jungle, 1906
Progressivism & Eugenics Produce superior races
of people Social Darwinism No miscegenation Anti-immigration Control & organize races Racial purity “Intelligence” Sterilization
Environmentalism
Exploitation Natural Resources
as public resources Preserve & protect Use but conserve John Muir Gifford Pinchot National Parks
Child Labor
No regulations Few public schools Cotton fields,
factories and coal mines
People of color Immigrants Working class poor
whites, southerners
National Progressivism
Power of government to regulate national activities
Theodore Roosevelt Trust-busting Active Gov’t Global Power Conservation Americanization Eugenics
Woodrow Wilson Southerner New Jersey, Princeton 1912 & 1916 Child labor, FTC, farms,
workers compensation, anti-monopoly
Reduce Regulation Opposed women’s
suffrage Segregation
Reform Legislation
1906: Pure Food and Drug Act 1913: 16th Amendment (Taxes) 1913: 17th Amendment (Senators) 1913: Harrison Act regulated narcotics 1918: 18th Amendment (Prohibition) 1920: 19th Amendment (Women’s
voting)
Racial Equality
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 1909
Society for American Indians, 1911
League of United Latin American Citizens, 1929
Japanese American Citizens League, 1929
Women Progressives
Organizations WCTU GFWC WTUL Feminists Alliance
Issues Women’s rights Poverty Alcoholism Child Labor Public Education