The Present Subjunctive (with Ojalá)
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The Present Subjunctive (with
Ojalá)
P. 339
Avancemos 2
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The Subjunctive
Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.
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The Subjunctive
Aprendo francés para mi viaje.
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The Subjunctive
Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.
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The Subjunctive
We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.
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The Subjunctive
A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que.
For example:
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The Subjunctive
Recomendamos que Uds. hablen con un agente de viajes.
We recommend that you speak with a travel agent.
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The Subjunctive
¿Quiere Ud. que escribamos nuestros nombres en las maletas?
Do you want us to write our names on our suitcases?
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The Subjunctive
Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:
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2 Clauses
Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés
Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb
Separated by the word “que”
Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”
Indicative Verb
Subjunctive Verb
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The Subjunctive
The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).
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The Subjunctive
Verbs that are often followed by que + subjunctive:
Decir Insistir en Necesitar Permitir Preferir (e > ie)
Prohibir Querer (e > ie) Recomendar (e > ie) Sugerir (e > ie) Ojalá
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The Subjunctive
We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands.
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The Subjunctive
We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.
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The Subjunctive
For -ar verbs:e, es, e, emos, éis, enFor -er/-ir verbs:a, as, a, amos, áis, an
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HABLAR
hable
hables
hable
hablemos
habléis
hablen
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COMER
coma
comas
coma
comamos
comáis
coman
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VIVIR
viva
vivas
viva
vivamos
viváis
vivan
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The Subjunctive
The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.
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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.
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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
caersedecirhacerponersalir
tenertraer
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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
hacer hag-o haga
tener teng-o tenga
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HACER
haga
hagas
haga
hagamos
hagáis
hagan
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TENER
tenga
tengas
tenga
tengamos
tengáis
tengan
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The Subjunctive
-gar, -car, -zar verbs:-gar: g > gu-car: c > qu-zar: z > c
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LLEGAR (g > gu)
llegue
llegues
llegue
lleguemos
lleguéis
lleguen
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BUSCAR (c > qu)
busque
busques
busque
busquemos
busquéis
busquen
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CRUZAR (z > c)
cruce
cruces
cruce
crucemos
crucéis
crucen
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The Subjunctive (with Ojalá)
Fact: (indicative)Ganamos un premio hoy.We’re winning a prize today.
Hope: (subjunctive)¡Ojalá que ganemos un premio hoy!I hope that we win a prize today!
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The Subjunctive
Stem-changing –ar and –er verbs in the present tense also change in the subjunctive.
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PENSAR (e > ie)
piense
pienses
piense
pensemos
penséis
piensen
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PODER (o > ue)
pueda
puedas
pueda
podamos
podáis
puedan