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University of Dhaka

Marketing 21st

The First Pakistan General Election of 1970

Background of Election 1970

The political history of Pakistan from 1947 to 1970 witnessed no general election

Yahya regime decided to hold general election on the basis of adult franchise at national level

Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan gave an assurance that there would be a smooth transfer of power to the representative of people freely elected

On November 1969 president Yahya announced that Pakistan got the polls on 5 October 1970 for the first time

Elements of LFO

• Yahya introduced Legal Framework Order on 30 March 1970, outlining the principles to guide election and national assembly

Reactions of LFO

The leadership of AL, two fractions of NAP and other democratic political students and labor organizations demanded revision of the undemocratic provision of LFO

NAP(W) observed ‘Demanded Day’ on 26 April 1970 for the repeal of undemocratic section of LFO

The rightist political leaders remained fairly satisfied with LFO

The Participation of Leftist or Democratic Progressive Parties

Shaikh MujiburRahman seemed to be quite confident of the

peoples support

NAP(W), leader of this party professor

Muzaffar Ahmed, considered the

election as a part of the total struggle to be carried on both inside

and outside the legislature to establish socialism eventually

NAP(B), MaulanaBhashani seemed to

be demonstrate some ambivalence on the

question of participation in

election

The participation under those restrictions provoked

controversies the democratic progressive section of elites

Election Manifesto of 1970

The Role of Regime before

Election

Social Implication in the Election

Social Implication

in the Election

Secular Bengali Nationalism

mainly advocated by the 6-Point AL

Progressive nationalism or

Socialism preached by NAP

Islamic or Muslim Nationalism

pursued by the religious and

communal parties

Factors Motivate to Support

Actively on Late of election

Although the election was scheduled to take place on

5 October 1970, it was shifted to 7 December

because of floods in August

In November the coastal areas of East Pakistan were

ravaged by a tidal bore and cyclone

It resulted in heavy loss of lives and property

5,00,000 to 1,000,000 were died and 30,00,000 to

60,00,000 were homeless

The Situation before Election

Out of total general seats in the National Assembly,

East Pakistan was allocated 162 seats, the AL fielded

candidates in all seats while NAP(W) and NAP(B) put

up 39 and 14 candidates respectively

But NAP(B) withdraw from the election before a week

for helping flood affected people. Few candidate still

contested

So the election came to be fought between the AL and

rightwing parties in East Pakistan

Candidates of Awami League

Older generation

Business group

General public

Landholdingstratum

Nearly 80% of the candidates came from the relatively older generation of the party members

As regards occupational background19% of the candidates belonged to the business and industrial groups of E.P

74% came from various professions such as law, medicine, teaching, journalism, and civil and military services

7% from landholding stratum

Golden BengalItems East Pakistan West Pakistan

Revenue Expenditure Rs. 1500 Crores Rs. 5000 Crores

Development

Expenditure

Rs. 3000 Crores Rs. 6000 Crores

Foreign Aid 20% 80%

Imports 25% 75%

Central Government

service

15% 85%

Military service 10% 90%

Rice per Maud Rs. 50 Rs. 25

Flour per Maud Rs. 30 Rs. 15

Mustard oil per Maud Rs. 5 Rs. 2.50

Gold per Tola Rs. 175 Rs. 135

Provincial Party PositionParty Panjab Sind NWFP Baluchistan W.Pakistan E.Pakistan Total

AL 0 0 0 0 0 288 288

PPP 113 28 3 0 144 0 8

PML(Qayyum)

6 5 10 3 24 0 24

PMLConvention

14 4 1 0 21 1 22

JUI 2 0 4 2 8 0 8

MJUP 4 7 0 0 11 0 11

NAP(

W)

0 0 13 8 21 1 22

JI 1 1 1 0 3 1 4

PML(council)

6 0 2 0 8 0 8

PDP 4 0 0 0 4 2 6

Others 1 1 0 2 4 1 5

IND 28 14 6 5 53 7 60

Total 180 60 40 20 300 300 600

Result of the General Election

Name Number of seats

Awami league 160 seats

NAP(B) 81 seats

Pakistan Democratic Party 35 seats

NAP(W) 6 seats

The Achievement of Awami

League