The New ABCs of Research - University of Maryland, College ... New ABCs of Researc… · The New...
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The New ABCs of Research
Ben Shneiderman [email protected] @benbendc
Founding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction Lab
Professor, Department of Computer Science
Member, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies
University of Maryland
College Park, MD 20742
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Interdisciplinary research community
- Computer Science & Info Studies
- Psych, Socio, Educ, Jour & MITH
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil
vimeo.com/72440805
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Design Issues
• Input devices & strategies
• Keyboards, pointing devices, voice
• Direct manipulation
• Menus, forms, commands
• Output devices & formats
• Screens, windows, color, sound
• Text, tables, graphics
• Instructions, messages, help
• Collaboration & Social Media
• Help, tutorials, training
• Search
www.awl.com/DTUI
Sixth Edition: 2016
• Visualization
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Children’s Hospital in DC: Trauma Bay
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EventFlow
Airway
BreathingCirculation
DisabilitySecondary
Survey
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/eventflow
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Children’s Hospital Trauma Care: EventFlow
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Children’s Hospital Trauma Care: EventFlow
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Children’s Hospital Trauma Care: EventFlow
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The New ABCs of Research (Oxford, 2016)
• Guide for junior researchers
• Manifesto for senior researchers,
business leaders & funding agencies
• Reframe the research agenda & methods
Teamwork when done right
can produce high impact
http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780198758839.do
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The New ABCs of Research
Immense
Problems
Guiding Lifecycle New
Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
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The New ABCs of Research
New
Technologies
Immense
Problems
Guiding Lifecycle New
Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 12: The New ABCs of Research - University of Maryland, College ... New ABCs of Researc… · The New ABCs of Research Ben Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu @benbendc Founding Director ... Books:](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040608/5ec86c7899eca31869252484/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
New
Technologies
Immense
Problems
Raised
Ambitions
Guiding Lifecycle New
Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 13: The New ABCs of Research - University of Maryland, College ... New ABCs of Researc… · The New ABCs of Research Ben Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu @benbendc Founding Director ... Books:](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040608/5ec86c7899eca31869252484/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ABC Principle
Applied & Basic Combined
Combining applied with basic research
produces more rapid progress in both
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SED Principle
Blending
Science, Engineering & Design
produces higher-impact research
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Science, Engineering, Design
https://books.google.com/ngrams
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Scientist, Engineer & Designer
NY Times articles
http://chronicle.nytlabs.com/
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The New ABCs of Research
New
Technologies
Immense
Problems
Raised
Ambitions
Applied &
Basic
Combined
Science,
Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New
Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
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The New ABCs of Research
New
Technologies
Immense
Problems
Raised
Ambitions
Choose actionable
problems:civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation,
intervention & controlled
experiments
Form teams with
diverse individuals
& organizations
Test ideas &
prototypes with
realistic interventions
Promote adoption
& assess impact
Applied &
Basic
Combined
Science,
Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New
Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 19: The New ABCs of Research - University of Maryland, College ... New ABCs of Researc… · The New ABCs of Research Ben Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu @benbendc Founding Director ... Books:](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040608/5ec86c7899eca31869252484/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
New
Technologies
Immense
Problems
Raised
Ambitions
Solutions
Theories
Choose actionable
problems:civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation,
intervention & controlled
experiments
Form teams with
diverse individuals
& organizations
Test ideas &
prototypes with
realistic interventions
Promote adoption
& assess impact
Applied &
Basic
Combined
Science,
Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New
Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 20: The New ABCs of Research - University of Maryland, College ... New ABCs of Researc… · The New ABCs of Research Ben Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu @benbendc Founding Director ... Books:](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040608/5ec86c7899eca31869252484/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
New
Technologies
Immense
Problems
Raised
Ambitions
Solutions
Theories
Choose actionable
problems:civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation,
intervention & controlled
experiments
Form teams with
diverse individuals
& organizations
Test ideas &
prototypes with
realistic interventions
Promote adoption
& assess impact
Applied &
Basic
Combined
Science,
Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New
Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 21: The New ABCs of Research - University of Maryland, College ... New ABCs of Researc… · The New ABCs of Research Ben Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu @benbendc Founding Director ... Books:](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040608/5ec86c7899eca31869252484/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
Form teams with
diverse individuals
& organizations
Guiding Lifecycle New
Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 22: The New ABCs of Research - University of Maryland, College ... New ABCs of Researc… · The New ABCs of Research Ben Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu @benbendc Founding Director ... Books:](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040608/5ec86c7899eca31869252484/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
Form teams with
diverse individuals
& organizations
Guiding Lifecycle New
Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
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Teamwork is the New Norm
Percentage of publications by more than one author
Cooke & Hilton (Eds), Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/19007/enhancing-the-effectiveness-of-team-science
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Teams: WHY?
• ???
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Why work in teams?
To complete a substantial project in time
More ideas - Getting unstuck
Combine strengths/skills in different areas
Backup - redundancy
Motivating - responsibility to peers
Modularity helps - accountability
Learning
It’s fun! (potentially)
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What are the problems of working in teams?
People get in the way Disagreements
Communication gaps
Overstressed – not living up to expectations Inferiority complex
Fear of letting down peers
Dealing with messing up
Leadership troubles
Lack of trust- unbalanced contributions
Risk- of others not doing their share
Personality, working style conflicts
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How to work in teams?
Social structure Who sets the agenda/tasks/schedule
Who measures quality or approves results
What is the pacing- forms of coordination
Technology support Email
Chat
Phone
Video-conference or phone
F2F
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Teams: Guidelines
• Previously successful collaborations
• Balanced teams
• Clearly defined goals & roles
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Teams: Guidelines
• Previously successful collaborations
• Balanced teams
• Clearly defined goals & roles
• Explicit statements of who does what by when
• Regular and open discussions
• Good communication
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Teams: Guidelines
• Previously successful collaborations
• Balanced teams
• Clearly defined goals & roles
• Explicit statements of who does what by when
• Regular and open discussions
• Good communication
• Collaboration readiness
• Technology readiness for remote teamwork
• Technology readiness for collaboration
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Teams: Guidelines
• Previously successful collaborations
• Balanced teams
• Clearly defined goals & roles
• Explicit statements of who does what by when
• Regular and open discussions
• Good communication
• Collaboration readiness
• Technology readiness for remote teamwork
• Technology readiness for collaboration
• Trained experienced leadership
• Adequate administrative resources and services
• Use of effective brainstorming strategies
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National Academies Report (2015):
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science
Dimension Low High
Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary Transdisciplinary
Team or group size Small (2-10) Mega (1000s)
Goal alignment Aligned Divergent
Permeable boundaries Stable Fluid
Proximity Co-located Globally
distributed
Task interdependence Low High
Cooke & Hilton (Eds), Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/19007/enhancing-the-effectiveness-of-team-science
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Teams: Winning Strategy
• Powers of Two (End of the Lone Genius) (Shenk, 2014)
• Teams: Difficult to form, hugely effective
• Takes practice to gain skills
• Clear goals, clear roles
• Trust, communication, recognition
• WJU2007: teams 2.1 times the impact
• Large teams need administrative support
scienceofteamscience.org www.teamsciencetoolkit.cancer.gov
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Teams: Winning Strategy
• Powers of Two (End of the Lone Genius) (Shenk, 2014)
• Teams: Difficult to form, hugely effective
• Takes practice to gain skills
• Clear goals, clear roles: Who Does What by When
• Trust, communication, recognition
• WJU2007: teams 2.1 times the impact
• Large teams need administrative support
scienceofteamscience.org www.teamsciencetoolkit.cancer.gov
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Teams: Winning Strategy
• Powers of Two (End of the Lone Genius) (Shenk, 2014)
• Teams: Difficult to form, hugely effective
• Takes practice to gain skills
• Clear goals, clear roles: Who Does What by When
• Trust, communication, recognition
• WJU2007: teams 2.1 times the impact
• Large teams need administrative support
• FUN!
scienceofteamscience.org www.teamsciencetoolkit.cancer.gov
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Research Project: 2 parents, 3 children
Practical
Solutions
Refined
Theories
Guidance to
Future Researchers
Research
Project
Applied
Problems
Basic
Theories
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The New ABCs of Research
New
Technologies
Immense
Problems
Raised
Ambitions
Solutions
Theories
Choose actionable
problems:civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation,
intervention & controlled
experiments
Form teams with
diverse individuals
& organizations
Test ideas &
prototypes with
realistic interventions
Promote adoption
& assess impact
Applied &
Basic
Combined
Science,
Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New
Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 38: The New ABCs of Research - University of Maryland, College ... New ABCs of Researc… · The New ABCs of Research Ben Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu @benbendc Founding Director ... Books:](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040608/5ec86c7899eca31869252484/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
Promote adoption
& assess impact
Guiding Lifecycle New
Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
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Promote Adoption & Assess Impact
• Clear writing begets clear thinking
• Story-telling trajectories
• Promote adoption
• Send Five & Thrive
• Papers, websites, videos, tweets, blogs
• Assess impact
• Citations, downloads, tweets, blogposts
• Best Paper Awards, testimonials, usage reports
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• Ideas travel through networks and relationships
• Cultivate champions.
• Present, Present, Present!
• Join relevant committees
& insert your findings into decision making
• Don’t wait for publication. Disseminate early
Promoting Adoption: Becker Model
https://becker.wustl.edu/impact-assessment/strategies
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Online Services
• Open Research: arXiv.org, PLOS, Open Science
• Community Building Sites:
• Academia: platform for academics to share research papers…
to accelerate the world's research (19M users)
• ResearchGate: connect researchers
share scientific output, knowledge & expertise
• ORCID, VIVO, FORCE11, …
• Research Paper Managers:
• Mendeley: The best free way to organize your research
• Zotero: free, easy-to-use tool to help you collect, organize,
cite & share your research sources
• CiteULike: free service to help you to store, organise & share
the scholarly papers you are reading
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The New ABCs of Research
Applied & Basic Combined
Achieving Breakthrough Collaborations
Ask Bigger Cuestions
Analysis Based on Creativity
Actively Build Connections
Aspire to Be like Colwell
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Books: Teamwork
• Nancy Cooke & Margaret Hilton (Editors), Enhancing the
Effectiveness of Team Science, National Academies Press,
Washington, DC (2015).
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/19007/enhancing-the-effectiveness-of-team-science
• Walter Isaacson, The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers,
Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution, Simon &
Schuster, New York (2014).
• Steven Johnson, Where Good Ideas Come From: A Natural History
of Innovation, Riverhead Publishers (2010).
• Joshua Shenk, Powers of Two: Finding the Essence of Innovation in
Creative Pairs, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (2014).
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Books: Writing
• Mark J. Kuchner, Marketing for Scientists: How to Shine in Tough
Times, Island Press (2011).
• Steven Pinker, The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person’s Guide to
Writing in the 21st Century, Viking (2014).
• Joshua Schimel, Writing Science: How to Write Papers That Get Cited
and Proposals That Get Funded, Oxford University Press (2011).
• Turabian, K. L., Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., Williams, J. M., and the
University of Chicago Press Staff, A Manual for Writers of Research
Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Eighth Edition (2013).
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The New ABCs of Research
New
Technologies
Immense
Problems
Raised
Ambitions
Solutions
Theories
Choose actionable
problems:civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation,
intervention & controlled
experiments
Form teams with
diverse individuals
& organizations
Test prototypes with
realistic interventions
Promote adoption
& assess impact
Applied &
Basic
Combined
Science,
Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New
Context Principles Strategies Knowledge