The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension...
Transcript of The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension...
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The New ABCs of Research �
Ben Shneiderman [email protected] @benbendc
Distinguished University Professor, Dept of Computer Science
Founding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction Lab
Member, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies
Photo: BK Adams
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Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Info Studies - Psych, Socio, Educ, Jour & MITH
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil vimeo.com/72440805
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Designing the User Interface
• Guidelines & Theories • Input devices & strategies
• Keyboards, pointing, voice • Direct manipulation • Menus, forms, commands
• Output devices & formats • Windows, color, sound • Text, tables, graphics • Instructions, messages, help
• Social Media • Visualization
http://bit.ly/1T5UGn0
Sixth Edition: 2016
• Search • Design
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Spotfire: Retinol’s role in embryos & vision
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http://registration.spotfire.com/eval/default_edu.asp
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10M - 100M pixels: Large displays
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16M pixels: My New Workstation
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100M-pixels & more
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1M-pixels & less Small mobile devices
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The New ABCs of Research (Oxford, 2016)
Guide for Junior researchers Manifesto for
Senior researchers Academic administrators Business leaders Funding agencies
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/newabcs
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The New ABCs of Research
Immense Problems
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
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The New ABCs of Research
New Technologies
Immense Problems
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
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The New ABCs of Research
New Technologies
Immense Problems
Raised Ambitions
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
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ABC Principle
Applied & Basic Combined
Combining applied with basic research produces more rapid progress in both
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SED Principle
Blending Science, Engineering & Design
produces higher-impact research
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Science, Engineering, Design
https://books.google.com/ngrams
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Scientist, Engineer & Designer NY Times articles
http://chronicle.nytlabs.com/
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The New ABCs of Research
New Technologies
Immense Problems
Raised Ambitions
Applied & Basic
Combined
Science, Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 19: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
New Technologies
Immense Problems
Raised Ambitions
Choose actionable problems: civic, business
& global priorities
Applied & Basic
Combined
Science, Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 20: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
New Technologies
Immense Problems
Raised Ambitions
Choose actionable problems: civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation, intervention & controlled
experiments
Applied & Basic
Combined
Science, Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 21: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
New Technologies
Immense Problems
Raised Ambitions
Choose actionable problems: civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation, intervention & controlled
experiments
Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations
Applied & Basic
Combined
Science, Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 22: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
New Technologies
Immense Problems
Raised Ambitions
Choose actionable problems: civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation, intervention & controlled
experiments
Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations
Test ideas & prototypes with
realistic interventions
Applied & Basic
Combined
Science, Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 23: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
New Technologies
Immense Problems
Raised Ambitions
Choose actionable problems: civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation, intervention & controlled
experiments
Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations
Test ideas & prototypes with
realistic interventions
Promote adoption & assess impact
Applied & Basic
Combined
Science, Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 24: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
New Technologies
Immense Problems
Raised Ambitions
Solutions
Theories
Choose actionable problems: civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation, intervention & controlled
experiments
Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations
Test ideas & prototypes with
realistic interventions
Promote adoption & assess impact
Applied & Basic
Combined
Science, Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 25: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research (Oxford, 2016)
Guide for Junior researchers Manifesto for
Senior researchers Academic administrators Business leaders Funding agencies
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/newabcs
![Page 26: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
New Technologies
Immense Problems
Raised Ambitions
Solutions
Theories
Choose actionable problems: civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation, intervention & controlled
experiments
Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations
Test ideas & prototypes with
realistic interventions
Promote adoption & assess impact
Applied & Basic
Combined
Science, Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 27: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 28: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 29: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Teamwork is the New Norm
Percentage of publications by more than one author
Cooke & Hilton (Eds), Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science http://www.nap.edu/catalog/19007/enhancing-the-effectiveness-of-team-science
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Teams: Guidelines
• Formation 1. Choose those with previously successful collaborations 2. Create balanced teams: skills, age, gender, personality,…
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Teams: Guidelines
• Formation 1. Choose those with previously successful collaborations 2. Create balanced teams: skills, age, gender, personality,… 3. Ensure collaboration readiness
• Willing/eager to work in teams • Fluent with technology • Experienced in working remotely
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Teams: Guidelines
• Formation 1. Choose those with previously successful collaborations 2. Create balanced teams: skills, age, gender, personality,… 3. Ensure collaboration readiness
• Willing/eager to work in teams • Fluent with technology • Experienced in working remotely
4. Recruit experienced leadership
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Teams: Guidelines
• Management 5. Define goals & roles clearly 6. Make explicit statements of who does what by when
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Teams: Guidelines
• Management 5. Define goals & roles clearly 6. Make explicit statements of who does what by when 7. Practice good communication: listening, speaking, writing, etc. 8. Hold regular & open discussions 9. Use effective brainstorming strategies: diverge then converge
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Teams: Guidelines
• Management 5. Define goals & roles clearly 6. Make explicit statements of who does what by when 7. Practice good communication: listening, speaking, writing, etc. 8. Hold regular & open discussions 9. Use effective brainstorming strategies: diverge then converge 10. Provide adequate administrative resources & services
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Books: Teamwork • Nancy Cooke & Margaret Hilton (Editors), Enhancing the
Effectiveness of Team Science, National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2015). http://www.nap.edu/catalog/19007/enhancing-the-effectiveness-of-team-science
• Walter Isaacson, The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution, Simon & Schuster, New York (2014).
• Steven Johnson, Where Good Ideas Come From: A Natural History of Innovation, Riverhead Publishers (2010).
• Joshua Shenk, Powers of Two: Finding the Essence of Innovation in Creative Pairs, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (2014).
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National Academies Report (2015): Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science
Dimension Low High
Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary Transdisciplinary
Team or group size Small (2-10) Mega (1000s)
Goal alignment Aligned Divergent
Permeable boundaries Stable Fluid
Proximity Co-located Globally distributed
Task interdependence Low High
Cooke & Hilton (Eds), Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science http://www.nap.edu/catalog/19007/enhancing-the-effectiveness-of-team-science
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Research Project: 2 parents, 3 children
Practical Solutions
Refined Theories
Guidance to Future Researchers
Research Project
Applied Problems
Basic Theories
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The New ABCs of Research
New Technologies
Immense Problems
Raised Ambitions
Solutions
Theories
Choose actionable problems: civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation, intervention & controlled
experiments
Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations
Test ideas & prototypes with
realistic interventions
Promote adoption & assess impact
Applied & Basic
Combined
Science, Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 40: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The New ABCs of Research
Promote adoption & assess impact
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge
![Page 41: The New ABCs of Research · 12/13/2016 · Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science Dimension Low High Diversity Homogeneous Heterogeneous Disciplinary Integration Unidisciplinary](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050121/5f5192a388caa356993908d7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Promote Adoption & Assess Impact
• Clear writing begets clear thinking • Story-telling trajectories
• Promote adoption • Send Five & Thrive • Papers, websites, videos, tweets, blogs
• Assess impact • Citations, downloads, tweets, blogposts • Best Paper Awards, testimonials, usage reports
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• Ideas travel through networks and relationships • Cultivate champions. • Present, Present, Present! • Join relevant committees
& insert your findings into decision making • Don’t wait for publication. Disseminate early
Promoting Adoption: Becker Model
https://becker.wustl.edu/impact-assessment/strategies
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Online Services
• Open Research: arXiv.org, PLOS, Open Science
• Community Building Sites: • Academia: platform for academics to share research papers…
to accelerate the world's research (19M users) • ResearchGate: connect researchers
share scientific output, knowledge & expertise • ORCID, VIVO, FORCE11, …
• Research Paper Managers: • Mendeley: The best free way to organize your research • Zotero: free, easy-to-use tool to help you collect, organize,
cite & share your research sources • CiteULike: free service to help you to store, organise & share
the scholarly papers you are reading
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The New ABCs of Research
Applied & Basic Combined Achieving Breakthrough Collaborations Analysis Based on Creativity Actively Build Connections Ask Bigger Cuestions
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The New ABCs of Research
New Technologies
Immense Problems
Raised Ambitions
Solutions
Theories
Choose actionable problems: civic, business
& global priorities
Apply observation, intervention & controlled
experiments
Form teams with diverse individuals & organizations
Test prototypes with realistic interventions
Promote adoption & assess impact
Applied & Basic
Combined
Science, Engineering
& Design
Guiding Lifecycle New Context Principles Strategies Knowledge