The Nervous System
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Transcript of The Nervous System
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7th Edition
Medical Terminology for Health ProfessionsAnn Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder
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The Nervous System
Chapter 10
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Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,and Functions of the Nervous System
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Divisions of Nervous System
• Central nervous system – includes brain andspinal cord
• Peripheral nervous system – includes 12 pairsof cranial nerves and 31 pairs of peripheralspinal nerves
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Divisions of Nervous System
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The Neurons
• Basic cells of nervous system• Carry nerve impulses throughout body• Afferent neurons• Connecting neurons• Efferent neurons
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The Neurons
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Brain
• Primary Function– Coordinates all activities of the body by
receivingand transmitting messages throughout the body
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)– encephal/o
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Major Parts of the Brain
• Cerebrum• Thalamus• Hypothalamus• Cerebellum• Brainstem
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Major Parts of the Brain
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Cerebrum
• Cerebrum – largest and uppermost portionof brain
– divided into right and left hemispheres– hemispheres subdivided to create pairs of
cerebral lobes
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Cerebral Hemispheres
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• Cerebral lobes– frontal lobe: controls skilled motor functions,
memory, behavior– pariental lobe: receives and interprets nerve
impulses from sensory receptors in tongue,skin, muscles
– occipital lobe: controls eyesight– temporal lobe: controls hearing and smell, and
ability to create, store, and access new information
Cerebral Lobes
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Cerebral Lobes
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Spinal Cord
• Primary Function– Transmits nerve impulses between the brain,
limbs, and lower part of the body• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– myel/oNote: Myel/o also means bone marrow.
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Nerves
• Primary Function – Receive and transmit messages to and from all
parts of the body • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– neur/i, neur/o
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Cranial Nerves
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Peripheral Spinal Nerves
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Autonomic Nerves System
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Sensory Organs and Receptors
• Primary Functions– Receive external stimulation and transmit these
stimuli to the sensory neurons Eyes (sight) Ears (hearing) Nose (smell) Skin (touch) Tongue (taste)
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• caus/o – burning, burn
• cerebr/o – cerebrum, brain
• concuss/o – shaken together, violently agitated
• contus/o – bruise
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• encephal/o – brain
• -esthesia – sensation, feeling
• esthet/o – feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception
• -graphy – the process of producing a picture or record
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• mening/o – membranes, meninges
• myel/o – spinal cord, bone marrow
• neur/i, neur/o – nerve, nerve tissue
• phobia – abnormal fear
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• psych/o – mind
• radicul/o – root or nerve root
• tropic – having an affinity for
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Parkinson’s Disease
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Questions
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Question
The most sensitive cluster of nerves is at thefront of the brain.
True or False?
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Answer
False. The most sensitive cluster of nerves is atthe base of the spine.
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Question
The human brain is 80%–85% water. True or False?
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Answer
True
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Question
How much of the oxygen used by the humanbody is utilized by the brain?
a. over 10%b. over 25%c. over 50%
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Answer
b. Over 25%
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Question
The human body transmits nerve impulses atabout 300 feet a second.
True or False?
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Answer
True
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Answers to Learning Exercises
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Matching Word Parts 110.1. esthet/o10.2. encephal/o10.3. contus/o10.4. psych/o10.5. concuss/o
Matching Word Parts 210.6. mening/o10.7. -graphy10.8. -esthesia10.9. myel/o10.10. radicul/o
Chapter 10 Answers
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Matching Word Parts 310.11. phobia10.12. caus/o10.13. cerebr/o10.14. neur/o10.15. -tropic
Definitions10.16. synapse10.17. myelin sheath10.18. dendrites10.19. pia mater10.20. hypothalamus10.21. sympathetic10.22. plexus10.23. peripheral10.24. thalamus10.25. efferent
Chapter 10 Answers
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Matching Structures10.26. brainstem10.27. hypothalamus10.28. cerebellum10.29. medulla oblongata10.30. cerebrum
Which Word?10.31. anesthesiologist10.32. coma10.33. anxiolytic10.34. hallucination10.35. acrophobia
Chapter 10 Answers
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Spelling Counts10.36. migraine10.37. Alzheimer’s10.38. anesthetic10.39. epilepsy10.40. sciatica
Abbreviation Identification10.41. cerebral palsy10.42. cerebrospinal fluid10.43. obsessive-compulsive
disorder10.44. post-traumatic stress
disorder10.45. transient ischemic
attack
Chapter 10 Answers
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Term Selection10.46. delirium10.47. myelitis10.48. claustrophobia10.49. trigeminal neuralgia10.50. dyslexia
Sentence Completion10.51. cerebral contusion10.52. anxiety disorders10.53. dysthymia10.54. factitious10.55. antipsychotic
Chapter 10 Answers
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Word Surgery10.56. an-, esthet, -ic10.57. somn, ambul, -ism10.58. electr/o, encephal/o, -graphy10.59. par-, -esthesia10.60. poli/o, myel, -itis
True/False10.61. True10.62. True10.63. False10.64. False10.65. True
Chapter 10 Answers
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Clinical Conditions10.66. bipolar10.67. concussion10.68. transient ischemic10.69. thalamotomy10.70. multiple sclerosis10.71. insomnia10.72. aphasia10.73. syncope10.74. hydrocephalus10.75. hematoma
Which Is the Correct Medical Term?10.76. causalgia10.77. hypnotic10.78. conversion10.79. epidural10.80. amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis
Chapter 10 Answers
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Challenge Word Building10.81. neuromyelitis10.82. meningomalacia10.83. neuroma10.84. encephalopathy10.85. polyneuralgia10.86. neuromalacia10.87. meningoencephalitis10.88. myelopathy10.89. encephalomalacia10.90. meningoencephalomyelitis
Labeling Exercises10.91. cerebral10.92. frontal10.93. temporal10.94. parietal10.95. occipital10.96. thalamus10.97. hypothalamus10.98. medulla oblongata10.99. spinal10.100. cerebellum
Chapter 10 Answers