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Business Research 1

TTh 7:30 – 9:00

THE NATURE OF

RESEARCH

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What is Research?•

Careful, critical, disciplined inquiry, varying intechnique and method according to the nature andconditions of the problem identified, directed towardthe clarification or resolution of a problem. (Good, p.

464)•The process of gathering data or information to solve

a particular or specific problem in a scientific manner.

(Manuel and Medel, p. 5)•A systematic study or investigation of something for

the purpose of answering questions posed by theresearcher. (Cited by Sanchez, p. 2)

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What are the Purposes of Research?

•

The purpose of research is to serve man.•The goal of research is the good life.

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Specific Purposes

•To discover new facts about known phenomena.

•To find answers to problems which are only partiallysolved by existing methods.

• Improve existing techniques and develop newinstruments or products.

•To discover previously unrecognized substances orelements.

•Discover pathways of action of known substancesand elements.

•To order related, valid generalizations intosystematized science.

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Specific Purposes 

•To provide basis for decision-making in business,industry, education, government, and in otherundertakings.

•To satisfy the researcher’s curiosity. 

•To find answers to queries by means of scientificmethods.

•To acquire a better and deeper understanding about

one phenomenon.•To expand or verify existing knowledge.

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Specific Purposes 

•To improve educational practices for raising thequality of school products.

•To promote health and prolong life.

•To provide man with more of his basic needs.

•To make work, travel, communication faster, easier,and more comfortable.

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What are the Characteristics of Research?1. Research is systematic.

2. Research is controlled.

3. Research is empirical.

4. Research is analytical.

5. Research is objective,unbiased, and logical.

6. Research employshypothesis.

7. Research employsquantitative or statisticalmethods.

8. Research is original work.

9. Research is done by an

expert.10. Research is accurate

investigation,observation and

description.11. Research is patient and

unhurried activity.

12. Research requires aneffort-making capacity.

13. Research requirescourage.

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What are the Kinds of Research?1. According to purpose:

a. Predictive or prognostic researchb. Directive research

c. Illuminative research

2. According to goal:

a. Basic or pure researchb. Applied research

3. According to the levels of investigation:a. Exploratory research

b. Descriptive researchc. Experimental research

4. According to scope:a. Action research

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What are the Kinds of Research? 

4. According to the type of analysis:

a. Analytical researchb. Holistic research

5. According to choice of answers to problems:a. Evaluation research

b. Developmental research6. According to statistical content:

a. Quantitative research

b. Non-quantitative research

8. According to time element:a. Historical research

b. Descriptive research

c. Experimental research

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What are Some Hindrances to Research?

1. Tradition – accepting that customs, beliefs,

practices and superstitions are true.2. Authority – accepting without question an opinion

given by someone in authority.

3. Inaccurate observation – describing wrongly whatis actually observed.

4. Overgeneralization – establishing a pattern out ofa few instances.

5. Selective observation – persisting to believe anobserved pattern.

6. Made-up information – making up information to

explain away confusion.

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7. Illogical reasoning – attributing something toanother without any logical basis.

8. Ego-involvement in understanding – giving anexplanation when one finds himself in anunfavorable situation.

9. Mystifiction – attributing to supernatural power

the phenomena that cannot be understood.

10. To err is human – an attitude that admits thefallability of man.

11. Dogmatism – an unwritten policy of institutions orgovernments prohibiting the study of topicscontrary to what is established. 

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The Scientific Method of Research

1. Determining the problem2. Forming a hypothesis

3. Doing the library search

4. Designing the study

5. Developing the instruments for collecting data6. Collecting the data

7. Analyzing the data

8. Determining the implications and conclusions fromthe findings

9. Making recommendations for further research.

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Principles of the Scientific Method•

Rigid control – manipulation of the researchvariables.

•Objectivity – no bias or partiality in treating results.

•Systematic organization – proper and accuratetabulation of data.

•Rigorous standards – setting up of standards whichserve as bases for evaluating findings.