The Mind of Primitive Man - Franz Boas

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been
the
subject
of
many
for
the
Advancement
of
^Science,
in
1895.
Ever
since
that
time
the
subject
has
re-
p
of
think-
J^
^^;^ig
viii CONTENTS
-^
term
are
also
ready
to
claim
superi-
own
race.
It
occupy,
very
attitude
toward
the
so-called
inferior
races
is
obvious:
the
higher
a
his
which
form,
the
Have
not
tions appear
The
first
great
advances
us to
neighbors are
of their
of
of
same course
with variable
their speed
lived in the Stone
races
by
a
races
of
Africa,
AustraHa
and
America
to
population
and
his
descendants
soon
forgot
influences
of
civihza-
tions
until
more
never
taken
place.
The
amalgamation
promising
beginnings
of
first
as-
an
error
requirements
of
dehcate
changes
of
position
the
an attempt
it
mankind
exerted
a
remarkably
strong
influence.
Klemm's
(1843)
in every
ing,
stubborn
Asi-
atics,
Negroes,
Mongols,
Among the
which
dominated
the
minds
at
that
period.
He
reached
entirely
destitute
of
maritime
adventure.
dog-
question of
prophesies
ages
of
development
rela-
graphic
should
never
lead
necessarily
fortuitous,
not
caused.
The
proof
but
had
pose
their
geographical
differences
naive
classification
of
human
types
does
each
group
is
considerable,
and
if
we
want
to
know
what
a
Swede
is
we
must
know
all
the
different
forms
that
may
be
found
with
the
Negroes:
The
degree
of
darkness
notwith-
but
living
at
greatest
density
is
expected
to
be
it
made,
in
regard
to
oil,
and
therefore
differ-
ences
will
be
are
not
always
therefore consist in
THE COMPOSITION
that the
aberrant
types
are
rare
and
1.2%
gives
us
eye-colors,
these
forms
may
not
prevail,
but
nevertheless
we
and
the
measure
of
their
variabihty,
as
just
quarter,
wiU
combined,
so
examine
how
we
are
be
simple;
identical.
The
larger
chosen.
The
classifications
have
a
descriptive
often
done
at
the
present
time.
I
The
attempts
to
classffy
man
according
to
constitutional
be
two
themselves.
When
we
consider
a
racial
or
light
eyes
regard
to
which
remote
races
single
quency distribution
proof of
of the
years. If
can
have
contributed
to
the
for
the
South
African
and
still
the
values.
degree
of
scattering
squaring
all
the
deviations
the stemdard
(Fig.
3.)
Ac-
cording
to
statistical
recent
views
of
is
com-
parable
to
our
analysis
the
whole
population.
The
be
the
simply different. They have only
individually
different
we
have
a
number
of
will
differ
on
the
average
from
the
average
of
the
population
by
a
certain
fraction
of
sisters
the
following
values
of
these
fractions
have
been
found:
are
atten-
tion.
cal
characteristics,
but
it
the
process
which hereditary
characteristics find
tiation
The
age
at
which
marked
progress
in
years.
The
most
typical
adolescence.
We
may
ceased
to
exist.
A
gradual
change
in
human
types
is
also
indicated
in
the
morphological
nificance
Fritsch, in
that
a
compared
to
that
of
Euro-
THE INSTABILITY
which
is
applied
by
wild
animals
for
strength and
agility. The
provisions,
and
to
the
of
marriages of relatives of certain grades, and often also of
members
of
different
generations.
Thus
among
certain
tribes
a
slight
selec-
of perpetuating
black
hair
are
found
in
various
species.
Black
mice,
rabbits,
roes,
giraffes,
tigers,
ermines
have
been
observed.
Even
the
hght color
wild
animals,
but
simi-
lar
forms
are
found
in
domestication.
The
hair
of
the
poodle
high
variations
in
each
kind
of
environ-
ment
determined
by
environmental
causes.
scent are stable.
geo-
graphic,
economic,
social
or
less
favorable
conditions
of
nutrition.
More
than
that,
the
whole
others
much later
of
growth
may
have
quite
different
results.
After
the
head
has
nearly
completed
the
larger dimen-
sions of
by
Rieger
to
explain
differ-
observed,
is
of
such
an
excellent
example
retained
the
few
years
with
the
possible
to
decide
whether
the
in-
crease
is
±2.3.^
The
fairly
large
amount
of
variability
be
lines
are
socially
stratified,
quote
ac-
even of bi-
THE MORPHOLOGICAL
from
branch
to
branch.
must be
hu-
man
features
infer-
ences
and the greater
cranial
cavity.
There
are,
how-
investigations
of
cranial
capac-
ities
are
quite
in
accord
with
these
results.
According
to
adduced
which
speak
compared to
malnutrition
and
of
life
under
unfavorable
circumstances,
observed
difference
is
entirely
THE MORPHOLOGICAL
but
the
correlation
is
in
the
brains
of
eminent
be
directly
interpreted
in
psychological
terms,
no
history
shows,
races
the
total
number
of
individuals
is
before
is
found
in
eastern
Asia
and
in
both
Americas;
the
Negroid
type
occupies
Africa
and
isolated
spots
on
the
northern
and
northeastern
coast
of
the
which they
Africa;
The
Europeans,
so
far
as
pigmentation
Plains
may
said in
world
stretches
continuously
from
the
wide
valley
formed
by
the
Atlantic
and
Arctic
Oceans
around
times in
evidence,
therefore, most probable that
then
have
the
become better
Mongohd race must
acters outside of
all
variabil-
ities.
on
the
same
erupted (Boas
for in
United States
for five,
FUNCTIONING OF
Jew
stands
Americans
adopt
more
compHcated
lines
than
those
of
the
Italian.
Henri
Neuville
and
L.
of
known
for
a
Miss
Weill
studied
tations. If
it could
react
in
different
ways
to
the
same
circumstances
the
problem
conditions
can
ever
be
attained.
Identical
number
of
develop due
130 THE
opinion
histories
of
individuals
belonging
to
different
races
and
cultures
have
been
we
can
show
that
the
mental
processes
among
primitives
and
only
among
the
cannot
be
induced
to
exert
themselves
except
to
please
their
master.
the
traveller
numerous
use
of
certain
foods,
or
of
the
performance
of
certain
order
to
gain
admittance
to
the
ranks
What builds
lay
so
far
as
prepared
a
large
part
of
our
population
high
pitch,
and
I
have
often
been
does
highejedr^
levels
of
culture.
It
as well
of
the
period.
If
society
is
well,
unitates
noy^^^
such
of
w
hich
logical
causes
any
considerable
differences
in
factors
that
influence
body
mind that
brought
about
by
environment
are
small
Most
important
are
two
ways
of
his
prim-
itive
countrymen;
and
the
West
Australian
girl
who
was
married
to
a
man.
In
races
may
not
produce
as
large
dis-
cussed
8. RACE,
material changes in blood and culture, or in both. As
an
example
belonging
to
this
group
live
in
the
northwestern
part
of
others
RACE, LANGUAGE
process,
Europe. It
would be
but
change
in
language;
or
with
a
related
by
at a
an
assumption
may
safely
be
speaking
languages
which
we
know
to
be
RACE, LANGUAGE
cannot now
be traced
back to
and
anatomical
types
of people
entiation
and
the
formation
of
speech
were,
at
this
early
tion
inner causes, changes
RACE, LANGUAGE
Limits
unit, for its
RACE, LANGUAGE
races.
In
America
Japanese
and
the
primitive
most valued
more
advanced
cultural
hfe,
or
whether
its
mental
character
is
the
.other
fundamental
ethical
concepts.
V
Many
phenomena
even
prepare
food
for
weather.
young. Antelopes
If
we
were
to
define
culture
by
observing
behavior
alone
havior that has
fellow
men.
While
among
animals
the
behavior
of
the
whole
species
is
and
slashing
that
may
have
been
formed
by
use
may
have
changed
during
this
time.
language
be
an
adequate
statement
of
the
observed
facts
if
we
should
developed
EARLY CULTURAL
but also
early cul-
to
the
a domesticated
animal in
is,
habita-
tions,
The
Rein
states
of
such
transmission
are
quite
interrela-
tions
between
Europe
and
over
China;
the
is
of
folk-lore
the
riddle,
the
proverb
have
these
traits
phenomena
of
sporadic
of
the
arguments
for
an
EARLY CULTURAL
the
lack a
on
culture
in
our
own
civihzation,
which
can
be
understood
only
as
represent
animals
and
other
objects
and
geometric
forms
follow,
it
has
ow-
ing
to
similar
of
the
Eskimo.
With
this
we
are
led
culture
no
harmonious
scheme
vahdity
of
the
theory
of
the
development
of
the
family.
be
asso-
ciated
with
the
simplest
not the
one
Frequently
the
incest
group
is
have
de-
veloped
independently
in
a
very
may re-
in
a
a
termi-
nology
is
cases
in
that
all
pottery
must
be
given
in
which
convergent
have
will enter the
decrepit in
order to
with
any
other
action
performed
on
that the
same ethnic
customs and
how
it
could
be
the
cause
of
the
invention
of
agriculture.
metals;
however
rich
have
so
that
a
complete
explanation
of
the
an
integral
part
culture.
It
is
no
more
justifiable
the
forms
of
these
suggests
its
locaUzation
at
the
place
where
the
sun
and
the
stars
vanish.
In
other
cases
the
causes
are
in Bohemia and
8/18/2019 The Mind of Primitive Man - Franz Boas
Their
of some strata
has
taken
dependence
of
be
equally
causes of
MIND AND
kind
of
mode
also
as
elsewhere,
that
of
away.
She
does
the
the
children
have
opportunity
and
leisure
for
the
play
of
in
a
technique
that
may
develop,
as
•V
MIND AND
those
found
today.
The
multiplicity
formed. A
its whole
be
required
MIND AND
considered
gories.
While,
however,
the
use
of
language
is
automatic,
so
that
before
the
development
of
a
science
of
language
information,
whether
set off
be
conceived
as
a
these forms is
tions
to
definite
individuals
or
in
the
more
or
primitive
speech.
Thus
of
good-
ness
good-
with
possessive
elements.
Vancouver
Island,
defective
same
people
this
reason
by
name,
fopmed
^^
individual
carries
to
stand
the
of
medieval
theology;
and
soul
endowed with
life or
MIND AND
would
hardly
be
possible,
because
every
phenomenon
would
require
an
endless
amount
of
time
for
thorough
treatment.
We
are
only
into
their
ex-
planations,
becomes
more
and
more
logical,
not
possible
enemies.
Therefore
influences
that
must
be
combated,
ahty
as
here
MIND AND
tion as
as
those
which
prompt
the
actions
of
primitive
man,
who
considers
every
stranger
as
an
feelings
purely
traditional,
THE EMOTIONAL
dis-
we
endeavor
took up
this issue
as a
of
to
and
that
in
another
season
only
and
in-
be
given
a
be
con-
nected
with
rites is
and
what we
their
more
southern
neighbors;
but
they
have
not
adopted
at
the
same
time
particularly
with
the
divisions
of
only of activities designed
types of life,
and
claim that
a race
is in
this
is
no
and those
is,
on
the
whole,
quite
gradual;
parts
of
Ireland
occupied
the
greater
portion
unlikely
that
this
that
of
cannot
be
answered
by
of
the
belief
village
community.
In
and
Chinese,
from
our
ownTi
taken
place
for
thousands
of
years
in
Europe.
Neither
are
of
immigrants
shows
in
all
those
features
that
have
been
investigated
status of
our
lack
of
knowledge
of
our
population,
that
is
will
undoubtedly
be
endless
numbers
of
men
and
women
who
wiU
White
competitors,
and
who
will
do
better
care, and
found in
that
history and
SOCIETY
271
In
short,
with
Latin
peoples.
It
is
number of
important problems.
has never
marry a
and
Geology
of
the
Journal
of
Experimental
Zoology,
29
(1919),
No.
1.
Reports
from
the
311.
Mth Annual Report
York,
1878.
Morice,
P.
A.
G.,
The
Great
Dene
Race,
Anthropos,
en
Anthropologic,
Archive
de
of Head,

The Mind of Primitive Man - Franz Boas

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