The Microscope. The History Zacharias Jansen 1588-1631 The “First” Microscope.
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Transcript of The Microscope. The History Zacharias Jansen 1588-1631 The “First” Microscope.
![Page 1: The Microscope. The History Zacharias Jansen 1588-1631 The “First” Microscope.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f045503460f94c18790/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Microscope
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The History
Zacharias Jansen1588-1631
The “First” Microscope
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The History• Hans and Zacharias
Janssen of Holland in the 1590’s created the “first” compound microscope
• Anthony van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke made improvements by working on the lenses
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek1632-1723
Robert Hooke 1635-1703
Hooke Microscope
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How a Microscope Works
Convex Lenses arecurved glass used to make microscopes(and glasses etc.)
Convex Lenses bendlight and focus it inone spot.
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The Parts of a Microscope
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Body Tube
Nose Piece
ObjectiveLenses
High Power Stage Clips
Diaphragm
Light Source
Ocular Lens
Arm
Stage
Coarse Adj.
Fine Adjustment
Base
Skip to Magnification Section
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Body Tube
Diagram
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Nose Piece
• The Nose Piece holds the objective lenses and can be turned to increase the magnification
Diagram
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A. Ocular Lens/Eyepiece
• Magnifies the specimen image
Diagram
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B. Objective Lenses
• Increase magnification
Diagram
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C. Stage and Stage Clips
• Supports the slide/specimen and holds the slide/specimen in place on the stage.
Diagram
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D. Diaphragm
• Controls the amount of light on the slide/specimen
Turn to let more light in or tomake dimmer.
Diagram
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E. Light Source
• Projects light upwards
Diagram
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F. Base
• Supports the microscope
Diagram
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G. Arm
• Used to support the microscope when carried.
Diagram
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H. Coarse Adjustment Knob
• Moves the objectives up and down (quickly) for focusing your image
Diagram
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I. Fine Adjustment Knob
• This knob moves the objectives SLIGHTLY to sharpen the image
Diagram
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Magnification
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Comparing Powers of Magnification
We can see better details with higher the powers of magnification, but we cannot see as much of the image.
Which of these images would be viewed at a
higher power of magnification?
A B
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Magnification
• To determine your magnification…you just multiply the ocular lens by the objective lens
Objective Lenses have their magnificationwritten on them.
Ocular lenses usually magnifies by 10x
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Magnification on OUR microscope
1. What is the magnification of OUR ocular lens?
2. What is the magnification of OUR low power objective lens?
3. Of our MEDIUM power?
4. Of our HIGH power?
10x
4x
10x
40x
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Let’s Multiply the FUN!
• If you are looking at an object under LOW power, what is the total magnification of the microscope?
• Multiply the ocular lens (10x) by the objective lens (4x) to get total magnificiation.
• (10x) x (4x) = 40x
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Caring for a Microscope
• Clean only with a soft cloth/tissue
• Make sure it’s on a flat surface
• Don’t bang it
• Carry it with 2 HANDS…one on the arm and the other on the base
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Carry a Microscope Correctly
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Using a Microscope• Start on the lowest magnification• Place slide on stage and lock clips• On LOW power, use the coarse adjustment to move
the stage up to its highest setting• Slowly move the stage down until you start to see
something.• Focus and center it BEFORE moving to a higher
power• Adjust light source (if it’s a mirror…don’t stand in front
of it!)• Don’t use the coarse adjustment knob on high
magnification…you’ll break the slide!!!– Use fine adjustment to focus
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Clicker Time!!!
WOO HOO! I love
CLICKERS!!!
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If you are looking at an object under low power, what adjustment should you use?
Fin
e H
igh
Low
Coar
se
4%
83%
9%4%
1. Fine
2. High
3. Low
4. Coarse
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
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If you are working on high power, what adjustment should you use?
9%
83%
4%
4% 1. High
2. Low
3. Fine
4. Coarse
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
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If you are working on Medium Power, what is your total magnification?
4%
65%
13%
17%
0% 1. 4x
2. 10x
3. 40x
4. 100x
5. 400x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
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Which objective lens should you always start with?
9%
0%
91% 1. Low
2. Medium
3. High
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
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How to make a wet-mount slide …
1 – Get a clean slide and coverslip from your teacher.
2 – Place ONE drop of water in the middle of the slide. Don’t use too much or the water will run off the edge and make a mess!
3 – Place the edge of the cover slip on one side of the water drop.
You do not need to use the stage clips when viewing wet-mount slides!
5 – Place the slide on the stage and view it first with the low power objective. Once you see the image, you can rotate the nosepiece to view the slide with the different objectives.
4 - Slowly lower the cover slip on top of the drop.
Cover Slip
Lower slowly
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Using a Microscope• Start on the lowest magnification• Place slide on stage and lock clips• On LOW power, use the coarse adjustment to move
the stage up to its highest setting• Slowly move the stage down until you start to see
something.• Focus and center it BEFORE moving to a higher
power• Adjust light source (if it’s a mirror…don’t stand in front
of it!)• Don’t use the coarse adjustment knob on high
magnification…you’ll break the slide!!!– Use fine adjustment to focus