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the merciful, the compassionateIn the name of God

Job Burnout in Different Occupations Seyed Ahmadian M.R., M.D, PhD, MPH.Maslach views job burnout as

A response to chronic interpersonal and emotional stressors on the job Resulting in negative feelings such as incompetence, lack of achievement and productivity at work

Emotional exhaustion ranging from mild boredom to severe depression, Depersonalization and treating people in an unfeeling wayPoor sense of Personal Accomplishment are viewed as the key elements of job burnout How is Burnout defined?Job Dissatisfaction

Lowered Productivity

Absenteeism

High Turnover

State Of Disequilibrium Greenglass ER, Burke RJ. Hospital restructuring and burnout. Journal of health and human services administration, 2002, 25(1):89114.References: General negative effectsWork related: - Work pressure without support- Ever-changing expectations- New job requirements- Role conflict- Role ambiguity

Personality related:- Idealism - Need for self-affirmation and work orientationPredisposing FactorsConstanti A et al. Relationship between hardiness and risk of burnout in a sample of 92 nurses working in oncology and AIDS wards. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 1997, 66(2):7882.

Crotty M. Burnout and its implications for the continuing education. Nurse education, 1987, 7(6):27884.

References: Burnout is the most major problem of human resources in the helping professions such as:

NURSING

MEDICINE

SOCIAL WORK

LAW ENFORCEMENT

and EDUCATION Hellesy O, Grnhaug K, Kvitastein O. Burnout: conceptual issues and empirical findings from a new research setting. Scandinavian journal of management, 2000, 16:23347.References: Who is in most danger?Why? They face with Blood and urineDisturbed sleeping patternFrequent emergency situationsInappropriate expectations from patients and their relativesInsufficient nursing staff and lack of authority in decision-makingCommon Phenomenon among Nurses WorldwideMay lead toLow Patient SatisfactionReduced Quality of CareNursing Staff

A Study on 53,846 Nurses in Six CountriesPoghosyan et al. Boston, MA, USA, 2010J. Research in Nursing & HealthRelation between Burnout and Quality of CareNursing StaffLusine Poghosyan, Sean P. Clarke. Nurse Burnout and Quality of Care: Cross-National Investigation in Six Countries. Research in Nursing & Health, 2010, 33, 288298Reference: Study DesignU.S., Canada, U.K., Germany, New Zealand, Japan between 1998 2008

Instrument for burnout : Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)

Instrument for Quality of Care : 4-point scale for quality of care in general (scored by nurses in next shift)Nursing StaffLusine Poghosyan, Sean P. Clarke. Nurse Burnout and Quality of Care: Cross-National Investigation in Six Countries. Research in Nursing & Health, 2010, 33, 288298Reference:

ResultsHighest Burnout in Japanese nurses. (Highest EE,DP and Lowest PA)

Lowest Quality of Care score in Japanese nurses.

Why? They face with Lack of professional recognitiondiscipline problems in the classroomFear of violenceBureaucracyLack of supportWorkload Time pressureAmount of paperwork required Lack of resources providedTeaching is considered a highly stressful occupationMay lead toLower Patient SatisfactionReduced Quality of CareTeachersMay lead toLower Patient SatisfactionReduced Quality of CareTeachers

A representative sample of 447 school teachersBurnout, personality and job stressors were investigated in teachersKokkinos et al. , Greece ,2008, B.J. of Educational Psychology

Job stressorsA 63-item scale to measure potential sources of stress in teachers

BurnoutMaslach Burnout Inventory Educators Survey

PersonalityNEO-Five Factor Inventory (5-point likhert type scale)Constantinos M. Kokkinos Job stressors, personality and burnout in primary school teachers, British Journal of Educational Psychology (2007), 77, 229243Reference: Results

Results showed that both personality and work-related stressors were associated with burnout dimensions

Neuroticism was a common predictor of all aspects of burnout

. Managing student misbehavior and time constraints were found to systematically predict dimensions of burnout . The findings of this study suggested that certain personality characteristics may increase or hinder the incidence of burnout

May lead toLower Patient SatisfactionReduced Quality of CareTeachersConstantinos M. Kokkinos Job stressors, personality and burnout in primary school teachers, British Journal of Educational Psychology (2007), 77, 229243Reference: Why? They face with Physical assaultTraumatic eventsWork overloadTime pressureInadequate resources & staff shortagesHigh public demandMay lead toRole conflict & Breakdown in adaptationEarly retirementPolice OfficersImportant element in countrys stability, Economic growth and Development

Random samples (N= 257) were taken from police stations Objective of this research was to determine the relationship between Coping ,Stress and BurnoutL. Wiese et al. ,South africa ,2004 , Journal of Industrial Psychology

BurnoutThe Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Sur vey (MBI-GS)

Organizational stressThe 44-item Police Stress Inventory (PSI), describes a job-related stressor events

Coping strategiesThe COPE Questionnaire is a multidimensional 53-item surveyPolice OfficersL. WIESE, S. ROTHMANN, K. STORMKokkinosCOPING, STRESS AND BURNOUT IN THE SOUTH AFRICANPOLICE SERVICE IN KWAZULU-NATAL, SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 2003, 29 (4), 71-80Reference: Police OfficersL. WIESE, S. ROTHMANN, K. STORMKokkinosCOPING, STRESS AND BURNOUT IN THE SOUTH AFRICANPOLICE SERVICE IN KWAZULU-NATAL, SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 2003, 29 (4), 71-80Reference: Results

Results shows that high levels of stress because of job demands and lack of job resources were related to high level of burnout

Seeing criminals was a relatively sever stressor for police members

. Burnout were associated with ineffective coping strategies

. Active coping strategies lead to higher feelings of professional efficiency of officers

Why? They face with High workloadTime pressureDisturbed sleeping pattern & Night callsEmotional emptinessInappropriate expectations from patients and their relativesOrganizational problemsMay lead todecreased patient careWork-family interferencelack of timeDoctors (GPs)Among doctors the prevalence of burnout has increased during the last decade

The study population was consisted of 685 GPs working on a permanent basis

To investigate the three dimensions of the burnout syndrome among male and female GPs. I. Houkes et al. ,2011 ,BMC public health journal

Burnout . Burnout was measured by means of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) that measures the three burnout dimensions, emotional exhaustion (8-item), depersonalization (5-item) and personal accomplishment (7-item).Doctors (GPs)I.Houkes et al. ,Developmet of burnout over time and the causal order of the three dimensions of burnout among GPs, A three-wave panel study, BMC public health journal, 2011, 11:240Reference: Results

Results shows main effect of sex on depersonalization Male GPs scored-on average higher on depersonalization

Personal accomplishment seems to develop independently from the other two dimensions

Burnout in female GPs seems to be triggered by emotional exhaustion

Doctors (GPs)I.Houkes et al. ,Developmet of burnout over time and the causal order of the three dimensions of burnout among GPs, A three-wave panel study, BMC public health journal, 2011, 11:240Reference: Conclusion A good understanding of the etiology and development of burnout, could facilitate the early recognition and treatment of burnout

Burnout develops gradually over time, and can be considered as a process

It is also relevant to consider sex differences in the development of burnout as the onset of this syndrome might be different for men and women

It seems that burnout occurs as a result of a complex interaction between individual characteristics and issues in the work environmentConclusion. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were more related to environmental stressors, whereas personal accomplishment to personality variables

Dimensions of extraversion and conscientiousness associated to low burnout and increased personal accomplishment

Burnout appears to be an important indicator for both human resource and practice leaders to track quality of work

. Individual characteristics as well as job related stressor should be taken into consideration when studying the burnout phenomenonSuggestionsLife Style Modification

Start the day with a relaxing ritualAdopt healthy eating, exercising, and sleeping habitsSet boundariesTake a daily break from technologyNourish your creative sideLearn how to manage stress In Workplace

Actively address problemsClarify your job description Ask for new dutiesTake time offSuggestionsFor Managers

Provide employee training for the new tasks the person is managing Ensure employees get to keep activities in their jobs that they like to do Increase conversations about career development and aspirations Cancel any non-critical meetings or excuse employees from meetings where they are not essentialAssess job fitLook outside the workplaceCommunicate with your teamBe open to communication from your team

Thanks for your attention!