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Books published by the author1- The Mini Library of Islam2- Commentary on al-Aqeedah al-Wasitiyah

By al-Harras, Ibn Uthaimeen & al-Fozan3- Abridgment of the Prophet's Biography by

Ibn Hisham4- Life & Beliefs of Muhammad b.

Abdulwahhab5- Exposition of the Articles of Faith6- Rulings on Fasting7- The Other Side of Sufism8- Searching for the Truth9- Muslim Woman's Guide10- The Islamic Methodology of Aqeedah &

Fiqh11- The Book of Tawheed By Dr. S. AI-Fozan12- The Message of Islam13- The Loftiness of Allah& other publications.

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Murad, Mahmood RidhaThe lllIl1uo1 of Hajj ond Umnh. -Riyadh181 p.; 12 em.ISBN 9%0-9384-6-81- AI-Hajj 2-AI-Urnroh 1- Title252.5 de 3029/23

Lopl Deposit ao. 302911JISBN 9%0-9384-6-8

Revised EditionThird Edition, 142712006

Copyright Mahmoud R. MuradAll rights reserved

1422/2001

Foreword byHis Highness, Shaikh Salih bin

Abdil-Aziz bin MuhammadAal ash-Shaikh

The Minister of Islamic Affairs,Endowments, Da'wah & Guidance

All praise is due to Allah,the Rubb of the worlds, andMay He exalt the mention ofour Prophet, and render him,his household and Companionsfree from every derogatorything.

Allah, Subhanah, l theExalted, has brought this greatuniverse into existenceaccording to a precise system,

I Subhanah, means Allah is free fromevery imperfection and derogatory thing.

a

and has connected thisuniversal system with man'sactions, good or otherwise; sothat any form of corruptionman does, it defects theuniverse proportionally.

The perfection of theuniverse depends on attainingthe pleasure of Allah,Subhanah. While His slavesdirely needed to know what Heloves and approves of to do,and what He abhors to avoid;He therefore, sent themMessengers and supportedthem with the Divine revelationto give good news to those whoobey them, and warn those who

b

disobey them.Since Divine Message has

discontinued by the mission ofour Prophet, Muhammad, mayAllah exalt his mention,people's need for someone toclarify to them their Deen, andteach them its rituals is nowdirer than ever . Due to Hismercy, Allah, Subhanah,provides them in every ageand place a Muslim, whoassumes this great responsibilityin accordance with themethodology of the PiousPredecessors, and according topEq>le's <XJ:lditicn; and languages,and according to the need of

c

those Muslims who live in

Western countries for

elucidating the sciences of

Shari'ah and its injunctions in

their own language a clear and

simple style, which helps them

strengthen their ties with Allah,

Subhanah, and clarify what

may confuse them.Hence, brother, Shaikh

Mahmoud bin Ridha Murad

has compiled the Mini Library

containing the most significant

issues in the topics of Aqeedah,

Jurisprudence, Shari'ah and

Transactions; an appreciated

endeavor for which we ask

Allah to render it beneficial to

d

its compiler and reader, and useus all in the sphere of Hisobedience. He certainly is mostattentive and receptive. Allpraise is due to Allah, the Rubbof the worlds.

e

Preface to Third EditionMore than three years have

passed since 'The Mini Library'was first published. It is sincehas been revised and edited sothat there would be no need forfurther editing or revising, toconcentrate on the Mini LibraryII which will include differentIslamic topics that are beneficialto readers in sha-Allah.

A number of people havegraciously revised the 3rd

edition of the Muslim's MiniLibrary, after the 2nd edition ranout of print, corrected itstypographical errors, andedited every book in it bearing

a

in mind that regardless howhard man keeps improving hiswork, it remains a human'swork, Le., vulnerable andimperfect in comparison withthe Book of Allah.

One of the main changes Ihave made in the Manual ofArkaan is the issue of Istiwa' ofAllah above His Throne. I havechanged the verb 'to mount'into the verb 'to ascend' andexplained that ascending theThrone means that Allah isabove it without touching it;thus, to allow no chance ofmisinterpreting this Divineaction. May Allah reward those

b

brothers who drew myattention to this valid point.

You may notice the changethe title of this work; it is now"The Muslim's Mini Library"because it contains the basicinformation a Muslim, new orotherwise, needs to know.

It is a privilege to expressmy gratefulness to those whowere gracious enough to reviewthe Mini Library and those whohave made valuable observationson its contents, structure andstyle. May Allah grant them thebest of rewards.

I also ask Allah to rewardme for this work, and help me

c

accomplish the Muslim's MiniLibrary II, which will includeworks that will be of greatbenefit to the students ofknowledge in sha Allah.

All praise is due to Allah,the Rubb of the Worlds.

M.Murad142612005

d

Contents

Introduction... 1

Excellence ofHajj ... 7

Incitement. .. 10

Admonishing...24

Lawful things to do...41

The Prophet's Pilgrimage...43

Arkan ofHajj ... 54

The Wajibat ofHajj ...55

Things to do before Ihram ...57

Conditional Ihram .. .59

Types ofHajj . .. 60

Requirements of Ihram ...65

Prohibited things ...66

AI-Mawaqeet. .. 69

The Sunan of the Tawaf ..74

Hajj for children 80

Hajj for women 82

Hajj on behalf of others...84

Notice... 85

Details of Hajj & Umrah in the

Qur'an... 87

Procedure of Umrah 92

Hajj Day by Day 99

Innovated Practices 120

Visiting Madinah 122

Selected Fatawa 125

*****

IntroductionAll praise is due to Allah

Whom we praise, and Whose aidwe implore. We seek Hisforgiveness and guidance, and wetake refuge with Him against ourown evil and sinful acts. He, whomAllah guides aright, none can leadastray; and whom He leads astray,none can guide aright.

I testify that there is no true godexcept Allah alone Who has nopartner, and I testify thatMuhammad is the slave of Allahand His Messenger. May Allahreward him the best of rewards as asatisfaction for his Ummah(nation) and exalt his mention and

1

render him safe from everyderogatory thing, and may Hereward his Companions Kr 1beirendurance and sincerity intransmitting the Deen to theirsubsequent generations.

Hajj is.not just a pillar of Islam;it is more than that. If we considerwhat it involves, we realize itsgreat significance notwithstandingthe fact that it is enjoined once in alifetime. When one perfonns itcommitting no sin in it Jannah willbe his reward. Nevertheless, inorder to get its great reward onemust learn the rituals of Hajjbefore observing them.

2

Therefore, I have forwarded thisbook with invaluable adviceoffered by the Scholar, the erudite,the Imam of the Hadeeth, ShaikhMuhammad Nasirud-Deen al­Albani, may Allah grant himmercy and admit him into theGardens of endless bliss, in hisbook, Haiiatun-Nabi ''The ProIiJet'sPilgrimage." I expect the reader totake them seriously to performHajj that may never have anotherchance to perform again.

I have based this book on theabove mentioned-work becauseImam al-Albani taught us to followthe proof from the Qur'an and the

3

Sunnah instead of men's opinionsregardless how scholarly they are.

A Muslim must bear in mindthat Allah, the Exalted, commandsus in His Book to follow HisMessenger, may Allah exalt hismention, and He threatens topunish severely those who refuseto do so saying: ''Whatever theMessenger gives you; follow it,and whatever he forbids you;refrain from it, and fear Allah.Surely, Allah IS severe inretribution."!

The reader will notice a newmethod in compiling works that

1 Q. 59:7

4

deal with acts of worship. I havesupplemented this book with acollection of selected Fatawa thatwere issued by renowned scholarsof Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama 'ah forthe benefit of those pilgrims whomay have violated Ihram l or otherprerequisites ofHajj.

Keep in mind the promise thatAllah has made by the tongue ofHis Messenger, may Allah exalthis mention: "He who performsHajj without committing sexualoffense2 or sinful behavior, will

1 Ihram is the practical intention of theHajj or Umrah.

2 Sexual offense in this context meanssuggestive talk with women, which is

5

return home sin-free like the dayhe was born.".

I ask Allah to guide us to theright course to allow us to drinkfrom the Hawdh (pool) of HisMessenger, may Allah exalt hismention. Aameen.

M.R.Murad142512004

gdaim@yaboo.com

conducive to sexual intercourse, or thelike.

1 Bukhari & Muslim

6

Excellence ofHajjHajj is the visitation to the

Inviolable House in Makkah andother sacred sites for performingcertain rites during the months ofShawwal, Dthul-Qa'dah and thefirst ten days of Dthul-Hijjah. Itwas prescribed in the ninth yearafter the Hijrah. It is a duty to beperformed once in a lifetime byevery adult, sane, Muslim who canafford it. Allah says:

Surely the first House of Allah1

designated for mankind is that inMakkah. It is blessed and aguidance for the worlds. In it are

1 Inviolable Masjid in Makkah.

7

clear signs, and the station ofIbraheem. He, who enters it, enjoyssafety. And pilgrimage to thisHouse is a duty men who canafford it owe Allah. He who deniesit, then let it be known that Allahneeds none ofHis creatures. l

Abu Hurairah reported: "TheMessenger of Allah, may Allahexalt his mention, was asked:'What is the best of deeds? Hesaid, 'Believing in the Oneness ofAllah, and in His Messenger.' Hewas further asked, 'What is next?'He said: 'Fighting in the cause of

1 Q.3:97

8

Allah.' 'What is next?' he~ asked, 'Aflawless Hajj.' He answered."l

The Messenger of Allah, mayAllah exalt his mention, said: "Hewho performs Hajj withoutviolating it with sexual activity orsins would return home sin-freelike the day he was bom.2

1 Bukhari, Muslim & others.

2 Ibid.

9

IncitementHajj is obligatory on every adult

Muslim who can afford it, and theProphet, may Allah exalt hismention, encouraged his Ummahto perform it. He was asked, 'Whatis the best of deeds?' He, mayAllah exalt his mention, said,'Believing in Allah and HisMessenger.' They further asked,'Then what?' He said, 'Jihad(Fighting) for the advancement ofthe cause of Allah.' 'What else?'he was asked. He said, 'A sin-:fi:eeHajj.'l

1 Bukhari & Muslim

10

He also said: "He who,performs Hajj committing noRafath,l nor indecency, would becleansed from his sins as the dayhe was born."2

He said: "There is no reward fora sin-free Hajj other thanJannah."3

Ibn Shimasah said: "We visitedAmr b. al-Aas when he was dying.He wept for long, then said, 'WhenAllah placed Islam in my heart, IcanIe to the Prophet, may Allah

I RaJa/h, is suggestive talk about or withwomen which is conducive to sexualactivities.2 Ibid.

3 Malik, Bukhari, Muslim & others.

11

exalt his mention, and said,'Messenger of Allah! Give meyour hand (to shake) to give youmy pledge of loyalty.' When hedid, I withheld my hand. He said,'What is wrong Amr?' I said, 'Iwant to place a condition.' He said,'Condition for what?' I said, 'Tobe forgiven.' He said, 'Do you notknow, 0 Amr that Islam eliminateswhat is before it, and immigrationeliminates what is before it, andHajj eliminates what is before it?' 1

A'ishah, may Allah be pleasedwith her, said to the Prophet, mayAllah exalt his mention: "We see

1 Ibn Khuzaimah

12

that Jihad is the best of deeds.Shall we participate in it?" Hesaid, 'The best of Jihad is a sin­free Hajj."'1

Ibn Umar said: "I was sittingwith the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah exalt his mention, when aman from the Ansar and anotherfrom Thaqeef came in, greeted himand said, 'Messenger of Allah! Wecame to ask you a question.' Hesaid, 'If you wish, I will tell whatyou came to ask me about, and ifyou wish I will keep silent and youask.' They said you tell us, 0Messenger of Allah. ' He said,

I Bukhari & others

13

'You came to ask me about thereward you expect for going to theInviolable House, performing tworak'aat of the Tawaf, the Sa'eebetween the Safa & the Marwah,staying in Arafah, casting thestones, offering a sacrificialanimal, and the Tawaf of Ifadhah.'The man said, 'By the One Whohas sent you with the truth, I cameto ask you about these things.' Hesaid, 'When you leave homeheading for the Inviolable House,every time your she-camel raisesits hoof and puts it down Allahremoves a sin of yours, and givesyou a reward instead. As for thetwo rak'aaf after the Tawaf, they

14

are equal to freeing one of the sonsofIsma'eel.' (The son ofIbraheem,may Allah exalt their mention.) Asfor the Sa'ee between the Safa &Marwah it equals freeing 70slaves. As for staying in Arafah,you should know that Allahdescends to the lowest heaven toshow-off His slaves saying to theangels, 'My slaves have come toMe with shaggy hair from everyremote area begging for My mercy.Were your sins to be as much assand grains, or rain drops, or asmuch as the sea froth, I wouldforgive them. Go ahead My slaves.You as well as those you intercedefor are forgiven.

15

As for casting the stones, everystone you cast; a major sin ofyoursis eliminated. As for yoursacrificial animal, it will be savedfor you with your Rubb. As forshaving your hair, a hasanah (areward for a good deed) will beadded to your record, and a sin ofyours will be deleted. And as foryour Tawaj around the House (theKa'bah) you circuit it being sin­free. An angel comes to you andplaces his hand between yourshoulders and says, 'Work for yourfuture, for your past sins areforgiven.' 1

1 At-Tabarani & al-Bazzar

16

The merits of TalbiyahIbn Abbas said: "A man fell off

his camel and died. The Messengerof Allah, may Allah exalt hismention, said, 'Wash him withwater and Sidr, and shroud himwith his two Ihram towels, but donot cover his head nor perfumehim. He will be raised on the Dayof Resurrection pronouncing theTalbiyah. 'I

Sahl b. Sa'd reported that theProphet, may Allah exalt hismention, said: "Anyone whopronounces the Talbiyah everystone, tree or home to the end of

1 Bukhari, MusIin&Il:nKhuzaimah

17

land on his right and left sides butjoins him in the Talbiyah.t

The merits of kissing theBlackStone

Abdullah b. Umar said: "I heardthe Messenger of Allah, may Allahexalt his mention, say, 'Graspingthe Black Stone and the YamaniComer eliminates the sins."2

Ibn Abbas said the Messengerof Allah, may Allah exalt hismention, said about the BlackStone: "By Allah! Allah shall raiseit on the Day of Resurrectionhaving two eyes with which it sees,

1 At-Tirmidthee, Ibn Majah and al­Baihaqi

2 Ahmad

18

and a tongue with which it speaksto testify for everyone who graspedit truthfully". 1

Ibn Abbas reported that theProphet, may Allah exalt hismention, said: "The Black Stonecame down from Jannah; it waswhiter than milk, but later on, itturned black because of the sinspeople committed."2

1At-Tinnidthee. 'ThdhfuIIy', occading toImam al-Albani, means doing so out ofobedience to Allah and following theSunnah of His Messenger, may Allahexalt his mention, not aggrandizing theStone itself.2 At-Tirmidthee

19

The merit of shaving off hairAbu Hurairah, may Allah be

pleased with him, said that theMessenger of Allah, may Allahexalt his mention, said: "0 Allah!Grant your forgiveness to thosewho shave off their hair." Theysaid to him, ,And those whoshorten their hair.' He said, '0Allah! Grant your forgiveness· tothose who shave off their hair.'They said to him, 'And those whoshorten their hair.' He said, '0Allah! Grant your forgiveness tothose who shave off their hair.'They said to him, 'And those who

20

shorten their hair.' He said, 'and tothose who shorten their hair.' I

It is already mentioned that theProphet, may Allah exalt hismention, said: "As for shavingyour hair, you will receive ahasanah, and a sin of yours will beeliminated."

The merit ofZamzam WaterIbn Abbas reported that the

Prophet, may Allah exalt hismention, said: "The best water onearth is Zamzam. It is wholesomefood substitute, and a remedy forsickness."2

1 Bukhari, Muslim & others.2 At-Tabarani

21

Jabir said that the Prophet, mayAllah exalt his mention, said:"Zarnzam water is a remedy forwhatever it is drunk for."l

The Messenger of Allah, mayAllah exalt his mention, said:"Allah, the Exalted, says, 'A slavewhom I gave sound health andample provisions, and does notvisit Me for five years is indeedbereft."2

The Prophet, may Allah exalthis mention, said to his wivesduring his Farewell Pilgrimage: "It

is only this Hajj for you, and after

1 Ad-Daraqutni & al-Hakim

2 Ibn Hibban & al-Baihaqi

22

that you stick to the mats of yourhomes." I

This means that the Prophet,may Allah exalt his mention,limited pilgrimage to his wives toone time only. By right, thisapplies to the rest of the Muslimwomen.

1At-Tabarani

23

AdmonitionMany pilgrims when they enter

the state of Ihram for Hajj, they donot realize that they have actuallyinitiated that act of worship, whichimposes on them refraining fromwhatever Allah prohibits for themin particular and for every otherMuslim in general. Therefore, theyperform Hajj and return homewithout a change in their conductprior to Hajj. This is a practicalproof on their part that their Hajj

was not perfect, if not rejected.Hence, every pilgrim shouldremember this and exert his utmosteffort to avoid violating theprohibitions ofAllah. Allah says:

24

The period of Hajj is knownmonths; therefore, he whodetermines to perform HaJJ duringthis period then let him avoidRajath, sinful behavior, andargumentation duringHajj.l

The Messenger of Allah, mayAllah exalt his mention, said:

He, who perfonm Hqjj withoutcommitting sexual offense orsinful behavior, will returnhome sin-free like the day hewasborn.2

Ibn al-Mundthir, may Allahgrant him mercy, said:

1 Q.2:196

2 Bukhari & Muslim

25

Nothing nullifies Hajj exceptsexual intercourse (Rafath).'lThat is why Allah differentiatesbetween Rafath and improperbehavior. As for the rest of theprohibitions such as: wearing~ or perfumes, althoughdoing ~ is a sinful behavior butit does not nullify Hcdtaccording to the renownedImams.There are some scholars who

say that sinful acts nullify Hajjamong whom is Imam Ibn Hazm.One has to bear in mind thatcommitting a sin by a pilgrim isnot like committing it by others. It

1Manar as-Sabeel, YoU, P 311.

26

IS more serious when a pilgrimcommits it, because he will notreturn home sin free; like the dayhe was born, according to theabove quoted Hadeeth. This in factis tantamount to losing the rewardof his Hajj by forfeiting theforgiveness ofAllah.

I feel it is my duty to warn youagainst certain errors and commonmistakes that many people commit.Some people enter the state ofIhram with the intention ofperforming Hajj without realizingthat they should quit such sins dueto ignorance, heedlessness, orimitation.

27

1. Shirk one of the majorcatastrophes with which someMuslims are plagued. They areignorant of the nature of Shirk

(polytheism) which is the grossestof all sins. It nullifies the gooddeeds according to the words ofAllah: "If you commit Shirk yourgood deeds would be nullified".1

Many pilgrims commit Shirk

while they are in the InviolableHouse of Allah, and in the Masjidof the Prophet, may Allah exalt .hismention. They neglect supplicatingAllah and seeking His help,instead, they turn to Prophets and

1 Q. 39:65

28

pious people seeking their help.They swear by them and supplicatethem. Allah, the Glorious, says:

And those whom they calIon donot own a skin of a date stone.If you call on them they willnever hear your supplication.And if they do they will neverrespond to you. And on the Dayof Resurrection they willdenounce your Shirk. And noone informs you like the OneWho knows everything. I

I wonder what those peoplebenefit from their Hajj when theyinsist on observing paganistic

1 Q. 35:14

29

rituals, that they do to 'gain favorwith Allah.' Was this the pagans'pretext to justify worshipping otherthan Allah, the Exalted? Allahsays:

And those who take supportersother than Allah, say, 'Weworship them only to bring uscloser to Allah' .1

Dear pilgrim! Before youdetermine to perform Hajj youshould know that Shirk opposesthe belief in the Oneness of Allah.He who adheres to the Book ofAllah and the Sunnah of HisProphet, may Allah exalt his

1 Q. 39:3

30

mention, is on the right course, andhe who neglects them, deviatesfrom it.

2. Shaving off beards. It is oneof the most common sins amongthe Muslims in this age. This isdue to Western influence on mostof their countries. The Prophet,may Allah exalt his mention,clearly forbade copying infidels'behavior and attire saying: "Differfrom the polytheists and infidels;trim your mustaches, and you'reyour beards."l In another version,he said: "Differ from the people ofthe Book."

1 Bukhari & Muslim

31

This abominable sin entails anumber ofviolations:

a. Disobeying the Prophet, mayAllah exalt his mention.

b. Imitating infidels.c. Altering the creation of Allah,

by obeying shaitan, who promisedAllah saying: "and I will surelycommand them to alter the creationof Allah."l

d. Imitating women. TheMessenger of Allah, may Allahexalt his mention, cursed thosemen who do so. Saying: "Allah

1 Q. 4:119

32

curses men who imitate womenand women who imitate men.' 1

Oddly enough, many pilgrimsdo not shave off their beardsbecause of the restriction of Ihram;but once they terminate theirIhram, they shave them off, insteadof shaving off their heads, asrecommended by the Messenger ofAllah, may Allah exalt hismention.

3. Wearing gold rings. Somemen wear gold rings not knowingit is prohibited. Or, they know butthey still do it regardless. Whileothers know it is prohibited but

1 Adaab az-Ziffaf, p. 126

33

say, 'It's only a wedding band.'They do not know that wearing thisgold ring constitutes double sin.One, for disobeying theMessenger, may Allah exalt hismention, and the other forimitating Infidels. Muslims did notknow wedding bands in the past. Itis a custom, which they pickedfrom Christians.

On the other hand, one shouldlearn Hajj rituals according to theBook and Sunnah to perform itproperly to be accepted by Allah,the Exalted.

4.Missing staying overnight inMuzdalifah after departing Arafat,and in the night of Eed in Mina,

34

because this is the Sunnah of theProphet, may Allah exalt hismention. Spending the night inMuzdalifah until morning is aprerequisites of Hajj according topeople of knowledge. Never bedeceived by some Hajj organizers,whose main concern is to savetime and money by savingthemselves the trouble of goingthrough the entire Hajj procedure,regardless if it is properly observeor not.

5. Do not allow anyone to crossin front of you while you arepraying in al-Masjid al-Haram, orin any other masjid. The Prophet,may Allah exalt his mention, said:

35

"Were one who crosses in front ofa praying person to know theconsequences of doing so, hewould have preferred to wait forforty than to do so. The narratorsaid, 'I don't know whether hemeant forty days, months, oryears."}

It is impermissible for you toperform Salat without having aSutrah.2 Rather, you should placesomething in front of you whileyou are praying. You have to stop

} Bukhari & Muslim

2 Sutrah is a thing which a person placesin front of him, so that no human oranimal walks in front of him while he ispraying.

36

anyone who tries to walk in frontof you while you are praying. TheProphet, may Allah exalt hismention, commanded placing asutrah for Salat. He said, 'Whenyou perform Salat, having placed asutrah to prevent people fromcrossing in front of you, andsomeone insists in doing so, tryyour best to keep him away. If hestill insists, then fight him; for heis shaitan."1

Salih b. Kaisan said: "I sawAbdullah b. Umar performingSalat in the Ka'bah and he did not

1 Ahmad

37

allow anyone to cross in front ofhim."l

The general Ahadeeth thatprohibit walking in front of apraying person are not restricted toone particular masjid or place.They apply to al-Masjid al-Haram,the Prophet's Masjid in particularand the other mosques in general.

People of knowledge shouldavail the opportunity of meetingpilgrims in Masjid al-Haram andthe Holy sites to teach them thetenets of believing in the Onenessof Allah beside the rites of Hajjand other relevant rulings in

1 Ibn Sa'd

38

accordance to the Book and theSunnah. There are many peoplewho practice polytheistic ritualswithout being aware of it.

6. Wrangling and arguingduring Hajj. Wrangling, andarguing during Hajj, is sinfulbehavior. However, clarifyingcertain judicial issues for people isnot prohibited. Ibn Hazm, mayAllah grant him mercy, said:'Arguing is of two types, one isjustified, and one is not. Thejustified argument is lawful whilethe involved party is in Ihram ornot, Allah says: 'Invite people tothe path of your Rubb according tothe Sunnah and admonish therri in

39

a proper manner. Therefore, hewho argues to publicize the truth,and suppress falsehood is the onewho invites to the path of his Rubbin a proper manner. While arguingto support falsehood knowinglynullifies Ihram and Hajj becauseAllah says: "Involve yourselves inno Rafath, or sinful behavior, norwrangling during Hajj."

However, a preacher mustrealize that arguing with anopponent who insists on hisopinion is futile, then it is betterfor him to quit arguing.

40

Lawful things to do1. Bathing; because the Prophet,

may Allah exalt his mention, didthat.

2. Scratching head and body.3. Cupping, even if it requires

shaving off the spot were cuppingtakes place.

4. Smelling perfume, and ifones' fingernail cracks he may cutit off. He may also have a toothextracted.

5. Using umbrellas, and stayingindoors and in vehicles. Ridingtopless vehicles is usually done byfanatic sects. Allah does not permitsuch extremism. It is authenticallyreported that the Prophet, may

41

Allah exalt his mention, orderedhis Companions to pitch a tent forhim in Namirah and he stayed in it.

I ask Allah to teach us whatbenefits us and inspire us to applyit. He is the best to ask.

42

The Prophet's PilgrimageThe Prophet, may Allah exalt

his mention, stayed in Madinah fornine years without performingHajj.

It was only in the tenth yearwhen he announced that he wasgoing to perform it. Many peoplecame to Madinah, wishing toaccompany him in this journey tofollow the procedure ofhis Hajj.

He left on the 25th or the 24th ofDthul-Qa'dah, and took with himhis sacrificial animals. He rode hisshe-camel, al-Qaswa', intending toperform Hajj only. Then he startedpronouncing 'Labbaik AllahummaLabbaik' and people followed suit.

43

Jabir, the narrator of thisaccount said: "We set off intendingto perform Hajj alone (Ifrad) notUmrah, because we were notacquainted with Umrah then.When we entered the InviolableHouse on the 4th of Dthul-Hijjah(when we entered Makkah) theProphet, may Allah exalt hismention, came to the Masjid andmade his she-camel sit down,dismounted, and entered theMasjid. He went right away to theBlack Stone, rubbed it with hishand, and then he circuited theKa'bah in a quick pace. When hereached Maqam Ibraheem, herecited, 'And use Maqam Ibraheem

44

as a praying place.' He raised hisvoice so that people could hearhim.

He kept Maqam Ibraheembetween him and the Ka'bah andperformed 2-rak'aat. He recitedSurat al-Ikhlas in the first and al­Kaflroon in the second. Then hewent to Zarnzam Well, drank fromit, and poured water on his head.Then he went to the comer of theKa'bah and grasped it with hishand. Then he went to as-Safa andal-Marwah reciting, 'Innas-Safawal-Marwah.' 1 In another versionhe said, 'I begin with what Allah

1 Q. 2:158

45

began with.' 1 He climbed as-Safauntil he could see the House. Hefaced it and said, 'La i/aha i//a

Allah Allahu Akbar.' 3 times.Then he said, 'Lai/ahah il/a Allahwahdahu,' (There is no true Godsave Allah alone. He defeated theclans alone.'2 Then he supplicatedAllah in between. He repeated thisthree times. Then he went to theMarwah, climbed it, and repeatedwhat he did on as-Safa.

1 This refers to a relevant ayah in which

Allah says: "Verily, tripping between As­

Safa and al-Marwah are among the rites of

Allah."(2:158)2 'The Clans' refers to the pagan troops

who marched to Madinah; an event which

is called The Battle of the Trench.

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In the last round of Sa'ee, hestood at al-Marwah and said, '0people! If I knew before hand whatI would be facing, I would nothave brought along the sacrificialanimals and would turn this intoUmrah. Therefore, he who has notbrought a sacrificial animal let himtenninate his Ihram, and considerthis as Umrah.I

When he was asked whetherthat applied to that year inparticular or forever, he said,'Forever.' Therefore, peopleshortened their hair except the

1 He asked to consider their circuiting theKa'bah and their tripping between as-Safa& al-Marwah as Umrah, not Hajj.

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Prophet, may Allah exalt hismention, and those who broughttheir sacrificial animals with them.

On the day of Tarwiyah (the 8th

of Dthul-Hijjah) they all enteredIhram with the intention ofperforming Hajj. They marched. onto Mina with the Prophet, mayAllah exalt his mention, wherethey performed Dthuhr, Asr,Maghrib, Isha' and Fajr; each in itsregular time.

The next day, he went toArafah, and had a tent pitched forhim in Namirah. He stayed in itand remained in Arafah untilsunset.

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During the day in Arafah heperformed Dthuhr andAsr jointly,then he delivered a speech. Atsunset and when the twilightdisappeared, he moved on toMuzdalifah where he performedMaghrib and Isha jointly, with oneAdthan and two Iqamah. He didnot perform any prayer after that,but slept until dawn. He performedFajr, and then rode his she-camel,al-Qaswa, faced the Qiblah,praised Allah, and supplicated Himuntil daylight became clear.

From there on, he moved ontoMina, where he cast pebbles at al­Jamrat al-Kubra, saying, 'AllahuAkbar' with every pebble he cast.

49

He said, 'Learn your Hajj ritualsfrom me, because I don't knowwhether I would perform Hajj afterthis. Then he went and slaughtered63 camels with his own hand. Heshaved off his head, and let Alislaughter the rest. He ordered apiece of meat from each camel be

cooked from which both theProphet, may Allah exalt hismention, and Ali ate.

He delivered a speech on theDay of Sacrifice.} Then he rode al­

Qaswa' heading for Makkah wherehe performed· Tawaf al-lfadhah,and did not perform Sa 'ee.

} This speech is the Khutbah, which

follows Eed's prayer.

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Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islamthat Allah enjoins once in alifetime on those who can affordthe trip physically and financially.The Prophet, may Allah exalt hismention, said: "Islam is based onfive pillars: The Testimony ofFaith, (There is no true God exceptAllah) performing Salat, givingZakat, fasting of Ramadhan, andperforming Hajj, by him who canafford it. I

Preconditions ofHajj1) Islam2) Adulthood

1 Bukhari & Muslim

51

3) Sanity4) Freedom5) Capability6) The mahram1 (for women.)Capability refers to physical and

financial ability to perform Hajj.The Prophet, may Allah exalt

his mention, warned: "It isunlawful for a woman to travelwithout amahram."2

Hence, Hajj is not incumbent ona woman who does not have a

1Maharim pI. of Mahram is a male escortsuch as a husband, or one of the woman'smale siblings who are not lawful for her tomarry.

2 Bukhari & Muslim.

Mahram, even if she can afford itfinancially and physically.

53

Arkaan ofHajji(Indispensable Rituals)

l-Ihram.2- Staying in Arafah.3- Tawafal-Ifadhah.4- The Sa'ee.

1 The difference between Rukn & Wajib;

is that missing the former nullifies Hajj

altogether; while missing the latter should

be expiated by sacrificing one of the

designated sacrificial animals.

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The Wajibat (Duties) ofHajjThe Wajibat1 are the rituals the

missing of which requires offeringan animal to be killed in Makkahand be given to the poor peoplethere. The one who offers it shouldnot eat from its meat. If one cannotafford making it, he must observeten days of fasting instead: threeduring the Hajj,2 and seven afterreturning home. These Wajibatare:

I Wajibat is a plural of Wajib.2 Days during which fasting is to beobserved are the 2nd

, the 3rd, & the 4th of

Dthul-Hiijah.

55

1- Wearing the Ihram towelswith the relevant intention fromthe Meeqat.

2-Staying inAtamh untilsunset.3- Spending the following night

in Muzdalifah.4- Spending the nights of the

days of Eed in Mina.5- Casting the pebbles.6- Shaving off, or shortening

hair (for men) and clipping the tipsofwoman's hair.

7- Tawafal-Wada.'

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Things to do before IhramClipping fingernails and

toenails, trimming mustaches,plucking or shaving off armpit andpubic hair, performing Wudhu' orbetter yet having a bath, or ashower. Women in menstruation orpostnatal period should have abath, or a shower.

Wear the Ihram at the Meeqat,and recite the Talbiyah of theintended ritual (once only.) Youmay also say,

'Sub/udlah, alhamduliOah, Lailahailldlah, ardAllahuakhar. '

Do not utter the intentionverbally for performing Hajj orUmrah, such as saying: "0 Allah! I

57

intend to perform the Hajj orUmrah, so make it easy for me".Your intention was already madein your mind the moment you lefthome. Expressing intentionverbally for any act of worship wasnot the practice of the Prophet,may Allah exalt his mention. Thus,doing so is bid'ah (an innovatedritual). The Prophet, may Allahexalt his mention, said:

Every innovated ritual is bid'ah,

and every bid'ah is a means ofdeviation, and every means ofdeviation leads to Fire. 1

1Muslim.

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ConditionallhramYou may also stipulate the

following condition upon Allah,just in case you cannot completethe rites of Hajj or Umrah for onereason or another:

Allahumma mahilli haithuhabastani.

o Allah! I terminate my Ihramwherever You withhold me.

Having made this condition,you do not have to offer asacrificial animal, or return nextyear to perform Hajj in lieu of yourincomplete Hajj unless it is yourfirst Hajj, then you must return toperform it next year.

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Types ofHajjThere are three types of Hajj:

Tamattu', Qiran, and Ifrad.1-TamaIJu' is performing 1h:

Umrah during the months of Hajj.Once a pilgrim completes 1h:Umrah, re may terminate the Ihramonly to re-enter it on the 8th ofDthul-Hijjah (the Day ofTarwiyah) with the intention ofperforming the Hajj.

A pilgrim does not have to go tothe Meeqat to re-enter the state ofIhram for performing the Hajj; hecan do so in his residence inMakkah, or Mina. This type ofHajj requires a Hadee (a sacrificialanimal.)

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2- Qiran is performing Hajj andUmrah jointly without interruptionuntil one casts the pebbles on theday of Eed, and shaves off hishead. This type requires Hadee aswell.

3- Ifrad, is performing Hajjonly.

You may choose whichever typeof Hajj you wish. Yet the best typeis Tamattu '.

The TalbiyahThe Talbiyah of Umrah:LobbaikoJ71Ilhumma hiUmrah

o Allah! Here I am. responding toYou to perform Umrah.

The Talbiyah ofHajj only:

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Labbaikal'llahumma bi HajjoAllah! Here I am responding to Youto perform Hajj.The Talbiyah ofHajj Qiran:lAbbaikJIl'llllutmtmhiUmratin waHqjj.o Allah! Here I am responding toYou to perform Umrah and Hajj.

The Prophet, may Allah exalthis mention, added the followingto the Talbiyah for Hajj: 1

AJlahUlltlm1IlldJhihihfijotunfa~~jihawalaswn'ah.

o Allah! This Hajj of mine isfree from hypocrisy,or boasting.

And in case of the Umrah:

1 This is an Authentic report by adh­Dhiyaa'.

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AOohummahadthihiUmratun fa~'ajihawa/asum'ah.° Allah! This Umrah of mine is

free from hypocrisy,or boasting.The above are to be recited once

upon wearing the Ihram, whereas,the following Talbiyah must berecited repeatedly until a pilgrimreaches certain points and timesthat will be explained later on:

Labbaikal'//ahumma labbaik,labbaikala shareeka laka labbaik.

Innal hamda wan-ni'mata laka walmulk, la shareekalak.

0, Allah! Here I am responding toYou. 0, Allah! Here I amresponding to You. You have nopartner with You. Here am I.Surely, all praise and graces are

63

Yours, and so is the dominion!You have no partner with You.

The Messenger of Allah, mayAllah exalt his mention, recitedthis Talbiyah loudly and repeatedlyuntil he cast Jamrat al-Aqabah. 1

1 See the Procedure of the Hajj.

64

Requirements of IhramWearing the Ihram in the

Meeqat.Men should wear no sewn

clothes, underwear, head covers(hats or the like) socks, gloves, orfootwear that cover the heels.

As for women, they should notwear gloves, Burqu',1 or Niqab.2

But there is no harm in coveringtheir faces in presence ofmen.

I Burqu', a piece of leather or cloth withwhich a woman veils her face having in ittwo holes for the eyes.2 Niqab: a woman's face-veil, whichcovers the soft or pliable part of the nosethat extends as high as the circuit of theeye.

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Prohibited Things1- Trimming or plucking or

shaving any part of the body.2- Clipping fingernails or

toenails.3- Covering the face (by

women) when no male strangersare around.

4-Wearing perfume. l

5-Consummating Marriage.6-Having sexual intercourse: If

this takes place during the firstIhram then Hajj or Umrah wouldbe nullified, and the pilgrim mustoffer a sacrificial animal andcomplete the rituals, but must

1 This also means avoiding the use ofscented or perfumed cleaning stuff.

66

return next year to perform theannulled Hajj or the Umrah. Ifsuch violation takes place duringthe second Ihfam, then Hajj wouldnot be nullified, a sacrificialanimal, however, must be offered.

7- The mubasharah, 1 or doing athing which may lead to it such askissing or fondling.

Umar bin al-Khattab, Ali andAbu Hurairah were asked about aman who had an intercourse withhis wife. They said that he shouldcontinue his Hajj, offer a

1 Touching a woman !i<il1o skin.

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sacrificial animal, and return thefollowing year to perform Hajj. 1

Whatever applies to men fromthe above prohibitions applies towomen, except for wearing sewnclothes.2

I Imam Malik, aI-Muwatta'.

2A woman may wear any clothes thatconform to the Islamic dress codes.

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Al-Mawaqeet I

Al-Mawaqeet are of two kinds:a- The Mawaqeet in terms of

time: The months of the Hajjseason: Shawwal, Dthul-Qa'dahand the first ten days of Dthul­Hijjah.

b- The mawaqeet in terms ofplaces:

I-Dthul-Hulaifah, is the Meeqatof Madinah's residents and thosewho cross it. It is 435 km. fromMakkah; and it is the furthest

1 The Mawaqeet (pI. of Meeqat) areterritorial points at which pilgrims on theirway to perfonn the Hajj or the Umrahmust wear the Ihram and make up theirmind the ritual they intend to perfonn.

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Meeqat from it. It is also known asAbyar Ali.

2- Al-Juhfah, is the Meeqat ofthe Syrians and the Egyptians andthose who cross it. It is a villagelocated near Rabigh, which is 180km. from Makkah. Nowadayspeople enter the Ihram fromRabigh.

3- Yalamlam, is the Meeqat ofthe Yemenis, the countries alignedwith it, and for those who cross it.Yalam1am is a valley, which is 92km from Makkah.

4- Qarn al-Manazil, is theMeeqat of the people of Najd,Ta'if, and those who cross it. It is

70

also known as As-Sayl al-Kabeer,which is 75 km. from Makkah.

5- Dthat Irq, the Meeqat of thepeople of Iraq, Khurasan, middleand north of Najd, the townsaligned with them, as well as forthose who cross it. This Meeqat isa valley, which is approximately100 km. from Makkah.

As for those who live withinthe radius of the Mawaqeet, theymay assume the Ihram from theplace in which they live.

A Makkan intending toperform Hajj may put on his Ihramin Makkah itself. But if he intendsto perform Umrah, he may do sofrom any place outside the

71

boundaries of the Haram, such asMasjid A'ishah in Tan'eem, orJu'urranah.

It is not permissible for anyoneintending to perform Hajj orUmrah to cross the Meeqatwithout putting on Ihram. He whodoes so must return to the Meeqatto put on Ihram, or to do so fromwherever he happens to beprovided he sacrifices a sheep asexpiation. If he puts on Ihrambefore arriving at the Meeqat,though it is not praiseworthy to doso, his Hajj or Umrah would bevalid regardless.The Tawqf (circumambulating theKa'bah) seven times.

72

The types of Tawaf:1- Tawafal-Qudoom (Arrival).2-Tawafa~~adhah,w~chisa

rukn of Hajj the missing of w~chnullifies Hajj.

3- Tawaf al-Wada' (Farewell)w~ch is the last rite a pilgrimshould do before departingMakkah. Missing it entailsexpiating by socrificingananimal.

4- Optional Tawaf.

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The Sunan of the Tawajla- Kissing, touching, or just

pointing at the Black Stone withone's finger upon commencing theTawaf

b- AI-Idhtiba' throughout theTawaf, that is, wrapping the upperpart of the body with a towel ofIhram, exposing the right arm andshoulder. Once Tawafis over, oneshould cover both shoulders andarms.

c- The Ramal, which is takingquick pace during the first threerounds of Tawaf.

1 'Sunan' are those rituals the observanceof which is rewardable, and missing themis non-punishable.

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d- Grasping, not kissing therukn al-Yamani by hand everyround, if possible, otherwise,neither point at nor force your wayto it.

e- The recitation of thefollowing ayah between the ruknal-Yamani and the Black Stone:

"Rubbana aatina ftddunyahasanah waftl aakhirati hasanah

wa qina adthabannar."0, our Rubb! Grant us hasanah

in this world, and hasanah in theHereafter, and protect us from thetorment of Fire.1

1 Q. 2:201

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f- Standing between the BlackStone and the door of the Ka'bahwhile sticking one's chest to thewall of the Ka'bah and supplicatingAllah earnestly. 1 The Prophet, mayAllah exalt his mention, did so.2·

g- After completing sevenrounds, one should proceed toMaqam Ibraheem, if possible, toperform 2-rak'aat. He shouldrecite in the first rak'ah; al-Fatihahfollowed by 'al-Kafiroon, and inthe second, al-Fatihah followed byal-Ikhlas.

1 This is almost impossible to do duringHajj season.

2 As-Saheehah, #2138

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h- Drinking from Zamzamwater after performing 2-rak'aat,and then returning to the BlackStone, if possible beforeproceeding to the Mas'a.

While in Tawaf, one shouldbehave as though he is performingSa/at; that is, he should busyhimself with the dthikr,supplication & Qur'anic recitation.

There are no particularsupplications for each round. Onemay ask Allah for good things inthis and in the world to come. Oneshould also avoid harming peopleby pushing, forcing his waythrough, or uttering offensivelanguage. This behavior should be

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observed throughout the Hajj

season.3- The Sa'ee:It is the tripping between as­

Safa and al-Marwah. Recite thefollowing ayah on your way to theSafa to start the Sa 'ee:

Surely, as-Safa & al-Marwahare among the rites of Allah. It istherefore, no sin on him whoperforms pilgrimage to trip

between them. l

Tripping between these twoHills seven times, beginning· fromas-Safa, and ending at al-Marwah;

1 Q.2:158

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stopping at each Hill supplicatingAllah while facing the Ka'bah.

4- Staying on ArafahThe Prophet, may Allah exalt

his mention, said: "Hajj isArafah".1 This means spendingtime on Arafah, regardless howshort it is,2 with the intention ofdoing so as a ritual of Hajj, fromthe afternoon of the ninth of Dthul­Hijjah until dawn.

1 At-Tirmidthee, AOODiwoOO & ahers2 It should be remembered that this doesnot mean that one can .spend a shortperiod of time on Arafah. It means thosewho could not make it on time, and arriveat Arafah after sunset or after midnight, itdoes not make difference then how short aperiod of time they spend on Arafah.

79

Hajj for childrenParents with children should

intend to perform Hajj on behalfthem Such Hajj would be validaccording to the followingtradition:

A woman held up her child,and asked the Messenger of Allah,may Allah exalt his mention, "Isperforming Hajj on behalf of thischild valid?" He replied: "Yes, andyou will be rewarded for himtoo."l

Such Hajj is considered assupererogatory for the child. Once

1 Imam Ahmad, Muslim & others.

80

he reaches the age of puberty, hemust perform the obligatory Hajj.

If such a child is too young, hisguardian may recite the Talbiyah,and cast the stones on his behalf;otherwise, he should do these riteshimself.

81

Hajj for womenHajj is obligatory on women as

it is on men, provided each womanis accompanied with her Mahram.The Prophet, may Allah exalt hismention, said:

Let no man meet a womanprivately m1b:>ut herM7hram.lAlthough her Hajj would be

valid, yet a woman would commita sin if she goes for Hajj without aMahram. It is illegal for her totravel with the company of otherwomen going for Hajj, oranywhere else; for a woman, or a

1 Bukhari & Muslim.

82

group ofwomen do not substitute aMahram.

It is recommended for a womanto have her husband's permissionto perform the obligatory Hajj. Ifhe refuses, she may leave withouthis permission, provided she isaccompanied with a Mahram. TheProphet, may Allah exalt hismention, said: "No obedience isdue to a creature if it involvesdisobeying the Creator."l

On the other hand, it is ~ot

commended for a woman toperform Hajj more than once. TheProphet, may Allah exalt his

1 Muslim.

83

mention, commanded his wiveswho accompanied him in hisFarewell Hajj not to performoptional Hajj saying:

'It is this Hajj for you, and stickto the mats of your homesthereafter' .1

Hajj on behalf of othersHe who can afford the trip but

is incapacitated by a terminalsickness, or old age, he should getsomeone (male or female) toperform Hajj on his behalf.

He who intends to perform Hajjon behalf of others should have

1 Fat'h al-Bari

84

already performed Hajj forhimself.

The Prophet, may Allah exalthis mention, heard a man saying,'0 Allah! Here I am responding toYou to perform Hajj on behalf ofShubrumah.' He asked him: Didyou perform the Hajj for yourself?The man said, 'No'! He said· tohim: 'Perform your Hajj first then(next year) perform it on behalf ofShubrumah' .1

NoticeIf a woman who is performing

Tamattu' type of Hajj menstruatesbefore starting the Tawafand fears

1 Abu Dawood & Ibn Majah.

85

missing some of the Hajj rites, shemay enter the Ihram with theintention of performing Qiran typeofHajj.

A woman in menstrual orpostnatal period can perform allthe Hajj rituals except for theTawafand Salat.

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Details of Hajj and Umrah in theQur'an

Allah, the Exalted, says:"And, complete the Hajj and

Umrah in obedience to Allah. Butif you are held back, then offer anavailable sacrificial, and do notshave off your heads until thesacrificial animal reaches itsdestination."1

"If a person is sick, or has aproblem which necessitatesshaving off his hair, he may do so,provided he expiates by fasting, orgiving food in charity, orsacrificing an animal. Once you

I It means, until the sacrificial animal isslaughtered.

87

feel safe, then let those whoperfonn Hajj and Umrah offer anyavailable sacrificial animal. But he,who cannot afford it, let him fastthree days during the Hajj andseven when you return home; theseare ten complete days. This appliesto those who are not residents ofMakkah. And fear Allah, and knowthat Allah is very severe inpunishment. Hajj is a set of knownmonths; so he who detennines toperfonn Hajj in these monthsshould remember that no Rafath,nor improper behavior, nor anyquarrelling during Hajj. Andwhatever good you do, Allah kmwsit Am take}XOVisiom; surely, the best

88

of provision is righteousness. Andfear Me alone, 0 you whounderstand."

"There is no sin on you if youseek the bounty of your Rubb. Butwhen you depart Arafat, rememberAllah at al-Mash'ar al-Haram; andremember Him as He has guidedyou, although, before this, youwere of those gone astray."

"Then advance from wherepeople advance, and seekforgiveness from Allah. Surely,Allah isMost FOIgiving, Merciful."

"And when you conclude yourrituals then remember Allah as youremember your fathers, or evenmore than that. And some people

89

say, 'Our Rubb! Grant us goodthings in this world;' and suchshall have no share in theHereafter."

"And of them there are somewho say: '0, our Rubb! Grant usgood things in this world as well asgood things in the world to come,and protect us from the torment ofthe Fire. '"

"These shall have a share ofwhat they have earned. Verily,Allah is swift at reckoning.""And remember Allah duringnumbered days; but those whohasten to leave in two days, there isno sin on them; and those who staybehind, there is no sin on them.

90

This is for them who fear Allah.And fear Allah and know that youwill be brought together to Him."l

1 Q. 196-203

91

Procedure of UmrahThese steps are subsequent to

entering the state of Ihram fromrespective Meeqat points.

1- Entering MakkahRecite the following upon

entering Makkah:Recite the ayaat and supplications in

Arabic transliteration

BismiDahwassalatuwassalamualaRasoolillah A1loJuorrm£f-tahlee abwaaba

rahmatik.I begin with the name of Allah.

May Allah render His Messengersafe from every derogatory thing.o Allah! Open for me the gates ofYour mercy.

Once you see the Sacred Housesay the following:

92

Allahumma antas-Sa/am, waminkas-Sa/am, fahiyyina Rabbana

bissa/am.o Allah! You are the Security

Granter, and safety is granted byYou. 0 Allah! Greet us with safetyand security.

2-Tawaafal-QudoomOnce you enter a/-Masjid a/­

Haram, start with Tawaf a/­Qudoom (Arrival's Tawaf.) If it istime for a congregational Sa/at,pray first, and then perform theTawaf starting off with kissing,touching the Black Stone ifpossible otherwise, pointing at itwith the forefinger serves thepurpose. saymg:

93

Bismillah, Allahu AkbarRepeat this phrase whenever

you reach the Black Stone, or theblack strip on the ground, whichindicates the starting point ofTawaf Once you reach al-Rukn al­Yamani, grasp it with your righthand, if possible, without kissingit, and recite the following on yourway to the Black Stone,:

Allahumma Rabbana Aatinafiddunya hasanatan wafil'akhiratihasanatan waqina adthaaban-naar

Our Rubb! Grant us hasanah inthis world and hasanah in theHereafter, and protect us from thetorment of the Fire.

94

3- Once the seventh round ofTawaf is completed, perform tworak'aat behind Maqam Ibraheem,if possible, or anywhere else in theMasjid. Recite al- Fatihah and al­Kafiroon in the first rak'ah, and al­Fatihah and al-Ikhlas in the second.

Let no one to walk in front ofyou while you are praying.

4- After Safat, drink as much asyou can from Zarnzam water, andpour some of it on your head.

5- Proceed to as-Safa and onyour way to it, recite the followingverse:

95

Innas-Sqfawal-Marwataminsha'a'irillahfamanHcjjal-Baita awi'tamarajlajunam

alaihi~t¢a bihimaVerily, as-Safa, and al-Marwah

are among the rites of Allah, sothere is no sin on him whoperforms the Hajj or the Umrah towalk back and forth betweenthem. l Then say:

Abda'u bima bada'Allahu bih.I start with what Allah started.When you are on as-Safa, face

the Ka'bah, raise your hands andrecite the following:LaillaJrl iDallah AllahuAldxrr (3 times)

1 Q. 2:158. This ayah should be recited athe beginning of the Sa'ee only.

96

La illahJ illal'lahuwahlahu, lashareekalah, lahulmulkuwaIhulhamduyuhiyeewa

yumeetwhuwaalla kulli sha'inqadeer.Laillaha illal'lahuwahlahu, lashareekalah, anjazawa'dahu, wanasaraalxhhuwahazomalalTZi1bawahlah (3 times)

There is no true God exceptAllah. Allah is the Greatest. Thereis no true God except Allah alone.He fulfilled His promise,supported His slave and defeatedthe clans all by Himself.

In the meantime, supplicateAllah and beg Him to fulfill yourneeds, and then walk down the hill.Take a brisk walk between the twogreen lights. Once you are on al­Marwah, face the Ka'bah and

97

repeat what you recited on as-Safa,then continue tripping back andforth between the two hillsrepeating the same supplication oneach hill, thus to complete seventrips ending them on al-Marwah.l

After completing seven roundsof the Sa'ee, shorten your hair thusto mark the end of your Umrah.'Shortening' means cutting shortall of your hair, not just clippinglittle hair from different sides ofthe head as many people do.2

1 The distance between Safa and Marwahis considered as one trip, and likewisebetween Marwah and Safa.2 Clipping few whiskers from differentsides of the head does not tenninate the

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1- if you are performingTamattu' reassume the Ihram onthe Day of Tarwiyah (the 8th ofDthul-Hijjah) in order to beginHajj rituals following the sameprocedure you did in the Meeqat.

Those pilgrims staying inMakkah may assume Ihram fromtheir residence, and begin Hajjrituals by saying:

LabbaikallahummahiHajj.Here I am, 0 Allah, responding

to Youto perform Hajj.

Ihram. This means that any violation ofIhram afterwards entails expiating byoffering a sacrificial animal.

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As for Qarin1 and Mufrid,2 theyshould keep their Ihramthroughout the Hajj procedure. Inthe meantime, continue reciting thefollowing Talbiyah:Labbaikal'lldrununalabbaik, labbaika faslaeekatakalabbaik inmlhamdawan­

ni'matatakawalmulk, fa shareekalak(Until you cast the pebbles at

Jamratul-Aqabah).You may also place the

condition which is mentionedunder 'The Conditional Ihram'.

2- Proceed to Mina before noon.Perform the daily prayers, each on

1 A person performing Qiran Ha.ii.2 A person performing Ifrad Hajj.

100

time, but shorten Dthuhr, Asr andIsha' to two rak'aat each.

118tll"__'.13- Once the sun has risen, move

on to Arafah reciting the Talbiyahand Takbeer.

4- At the time of Dthuhrperform both Dthuhr and Asrprayers jointly, two rak'aat each.Face the Qiblah, supplicate Allahpersistently, humbly, and lowlywith your palms facing upward.The Prophet, may Allah exalt hismention, said:

The best of words that I and theProphets before me uttered onArafah are the following:

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La illaha illallah wahdahu lashareeka lahu lahul mulk walahulhamdu wahuwa ala kulli shai'in

qadeer.There is no true God except

Allah alone. To Him belongs theDominion and all the praise is dueto Him, and He is capable of doingall things.1

The term, 'standing' does notmean that you have to remain onyour feet all day long. It onlymeans staying in Arafah that daystanding, sitting, or lying down, atyour convenience, as long as youearnestly busy yourself reading the

1 At-Tabarani & others.

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Qur'an, supplicating, andremembering Allah most of thetime until sunset; before which isunlawful to leave Arafah. He whodoes so commits a sin. He shouldreturn to Arafah and remain thereuntil sunset and should expiate byoffering a sacrificial animal.

The time spent on Arafah isgreatly meritorious. The Prophet,may Allah exalt his mention, said:"Allah will be boastful of crowdson Arafah before the heavens'habitants (the angels) saying tothem: "Look at My slaves; they

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have come to Me with dustyclothes and shaggy hair". 1

5- By sunset, move on toMuzdalifah, perform thereMaghrib Salat, 3 rak'aat andfollow it with the Isha Salat, -"rak'aat, at the time of the IshaSalat, then spend the night there.

It is permissible for weakpeople and their dependents tomove out of Muzdalifah to Minaafter midnight, and cast Jamratul­Aqabah upon arrival.

1 Ahmad & others.

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..,............6- Pray Fajr Salat of this day

(the 2 Sunnah and the 2 fardh) inMuzdalifah.

7- Face the direction of Qiblah,remember Allah, the Exalted,praise Him, and recite thefollowing:

La illaha illallah wahdahu lashareeka lahu lahul mulk walahulhamdu wahuwa ala kuili shai'in

qadeer.Keep supplicating until very

late that morning.

8- GotoMina before sunrise, andpick seven chick-pea-size pebbleson your way to Mina. It is

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permissible, however, to pick themfrom Muzdalifah or Mina.

9- Keep reciting the Talbiyahuntil you reach Jamrat al-Aqabah ­which is next to Makkah- then castthe seven pebbles at it saying:'Allahu Akbar' with every pebbleyou cast. Make sure the pebble youcast falls in the basin of the post. Ifit does not, cast another in itsplace.1 It is not permissible to hurlbig stones, slippers, shoes, or oilierobjects at the post. You may harmpeople by doing so, or by forcingyour way through.

1 You do not have to hit the post; as longas your pebble falls in the basin.

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10- After casting the pebbles,slaughter your sacrificial animal orhave it slaughtered. If you cannotafford the offering, you may fastfor three days during the Hajjseason, and seven after you returnhome. It is praiseworthy for you toeat from the meat of your ownsacrificial animal, and distributethe rest to needy people. l

11- Shorten your hair, or betteryet shave it off, for the Prophet,may Allah exalt his mention,

lOoing so nowadays is not possible; forthe great majority of pilgrims do not killtheir own sacrificial animals.

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invoked Allah's mercy three timeson those who shave-off their hair.As for women, it suffices them togather the end of their hair, andclip a piece of it

12- Having completed theabove rites, you may terminate yourIhram, that is, all things that wereprohibited during the Ihrambecome lawful again, except forsexual activities, even if you havenot had your sacrificial animalslaughtered. This is called thePreliminary Termination of Ihram.

13- Have a shower and proceedto Makkah to perform the Tawaf

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al-Ifadhah and follow it with 2rak'aaf anywhere in the Masjid. IfTawafa~Ifadhahisnotpenormed

in the same day, such a pilgrimwho has terminated his Ihram, andworn his regular clothes, mustresume his Ihram until he penormsthis Tawaf This is according to theinstructions of the Prophet, mayAllah exalt his mention, who said:

Once you cast the Jamrah inthis day,· you are permitted toterminate your Ihram except forapproaching women. However, ifyou do not penorm Tawaf beforesunset, then you should resume

• This day is the 1st day ofEed.

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your Ihram as you were beforecasting the Jamrah. 1

Some scholars suggest that thismay be difficult for many people toobserve; therefore, they suggestthat there is no harm in terminatingIhram even if one does notperform Tawafal-Ifadhah that day.

However, we must always bearin mind that it is the Messenger ofAllah, may Allah exalt hismention, whom Allah commandsus to follow, no one else. TheMessenger of Allah, may Allah

1 Abu Dawood

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exalt his mention, said: "Learnfrom me your rituals of Hajj. "1

Textual proofs should takeprecedence over opinions on anyissue, according to the judicialmaxim: "There is no room foropinion with the available proof(from the Qur'an or the Sunnah)"regardless who issues suchopinion.2

14- If you are performing HajjTamattu " you have to perform

I Muslim & others.2 After all, Allah says: "It does notbehoove a believing man or woman tohave a choice when Allah or HisMessenger IHiJmlfdadecilin" (33:36)

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another seven rounds of Sa'ee. Ifyou perform Qiran or Ifrad but didnot perform Sa'ee, following thearrival's Tawaf, then you mustperform the Sa'ee. Ihram at thatpoint would be terminated.

-15- Return to Mina to spendthere the rest of Eed's days andnights, that is, the IIth, 12th andthe 13th of Dthul-Hijjah. Duringthis period, perform the daily Salateach on time performing the' 4­rak'aat Salat (Dthuhr, Asr, &Isha~ two each.

16- Casting the pebbles shouldtake place in the afternoon on these

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days. On the 11 th, cast seven stones

at the first Jamrah, (al-Jamratus­Sughra) which is located nearMasjid al-Kheef, in the samemanner you did before.

17- After casting the stones,step forward keeping the Jamrahon your left side while facing theQiblah, and supplicate Allah for along time. Then move on to castthe 2nd Jamrah, (al-Jamratul­Wusta) or the middle post, withanother seven stones, then stepaside to keep it on your right, andsupplicate for a period shorter thanthe first. Then move on to cast the

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3rd Jamrah, (al-Jamratul-Kubra)where no supplication is required.

18- Follow the same procedurewhich you did on the previous day.If you wish to leave a day earlier,you should leave Mina beforesunset that day, but if you prefer tostay behind until the 13th, which isbetter, you should cast the stones atthe three Jamarat as you didbefore, and then go to Makkahafterwards to perform the Tawaf-alWada', or the Farewell Tawat ifyou are not a resident of Makkah.llajj procedure would beconcluded by the performance ofthis Tawaf

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19- It is permissible to delaycasting the stones until the 13thprovided you cast them in order,that is, to cast the first Jamrah, themiddle, then al-Aqabah. It is betterfor you to cast the stones in theafternoon, but if it is too crowded,you may cast them during thenight. The Prophet, may Allahexalt his mention, specified thetime of starting casting the stone(Le. after Dthuhr) but did notspecify the time of its end.

_IIIi'I_."l.It is preferable to perform the

rites of the Eed day, the 10th of

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Dthul-Hijjah, in the followingorder:

1- Cast stones at the Jamrat al­Aqabah.

2- Slaughter, or have thesacrificial animal slaughtered foryou.

3- Shave-off, or shorten yourhair to terminate the Ihram.

4- Tawafal-Ifadhah.5- Sa 'ee (In case of Tamattu ')This was the procedure \\hich1he

Prophet, may Allah exalt hismention, followed. There is noharm, however, if a pilgrimperforms one rite before the other,such as shaving the hair beforeslaughtering the sacrificial animal,

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or performing Tawaf beforecasting stones, or the like.

,,1i••fBiDiI__1J• Deputation for casting the

stones is permissible only forweak, not healthy men or women.A deputy should cast his stonesfirst then his principles.

• A pilgrim or a mu'tamirl shouldavoid lying, backbiting, slandering,or wrangling.

• One must choose goodcompany, and make sure hisexpenses are lawfully earned.

1 A person performing Umrah.

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• It is permissible for theMuhrim l to have a bath, or ashower, or put on cleaner set oftowels. Use only unscented soapand laundry detergents.

• The period of slaughteringanimals extends until the sunset ofthe 13th of Dthul-Hijjah.

• When a pilgrim wants to leaveMakkah, he should not do sobefore performing Tawaf Al­Wada', or the Farewell Tawaf.

A woman in her menstrual orpostnatal period does not have towait until she becomes clean toperform this Tawaf The Prophet,

1 A person in a state of lhram.

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may Allah exalt his mention, gavesuch women permission to leavewithout performing this Tawafl

1 Ahmad & Abu Dawood.

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Bida' (Innovated practices

during the Hajj season1- Traveling of a woman with a

group ofwomen, witOOutamahram.

2- Entering the state of Ihram

before reaching the Meeqat.

3- Reciting the Talbiyah

collectively and simultaneously.

4- Visiting a number of

mosques around Makkah.

5- Visiting Mount Hira' and

other mountains in Makkah.

6- Performing more than one

Umrah during the Hajj season.

7- Raising hands upon touching

or reaching the Black Stone as one

does for prayer.

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8- Kissing the Yarnaani comer,or pointing at it.

9- Washing shrouds and clotheswith Zarnzam water.

10- Performing najl Sa 'ee .11- Walking in front of praying

people.

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Visiting Madinah1

While in Madinah, it is theSunnah to visit the Prophet'sMasjid, pray in it, and to greet theMessenger, may Allah exalt hismention, at any convenient time. Itis also the Sunnah for a Muslim toperform Wudhu" and go to theMasjid Quba' to perform tworak'aat there. Such Salat is equalin reward to that of Umrah.Bida' Practiced in Madinah

1- Intending to visit the grave ofthe Prophet, may Allah exalt hismention, rather than his Masjid.Taking a trip just for visiting

1 Visiting Madinah is not a part of Hajjprocedure.

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graves; a Prophet's grave or anyother grave is bid'ah.

2- Visiting the grave of theProphet, may Allah exalt hismention, upon entering his Masjidbefore performing Salat in it.

3- Facing the grave of theProphet, may Allah exalt hismention, while supplicating. It isappropriate to supplicate whilefacing the direction ofthe Qiblah.

4- Addressing the Prophet, mayAllah exalt his mention, whilesupplicating him is a grave sin.Doing so constitutes major Shirk(polytheism).

5- Facing his grave after everySalat for greeting.

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6- Eating dates in the Rawdhah,the place between the Prophet'sgrave, and his minbar (pulpit).

7- Spending eight days inMadinah for the purpose ofperforming forty Sa/at in theProphet's Masjid, believing thatdoing so protects one who does itfrom Hell-Fire, which isgroundless belief.

8- Visiting the mosques mMadinah (excluding MasjidQuba'). To make a point of doingso is bid'ah.

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Selected FatawaQ. A person performed

Umrah during the months ofHajj, let us say, in the month ofDthul-Qa'dah, then he leftMakkah to Madinah where hestayed until the time of Hajj.Does he have to perform HajjTamattu', or is he free to choosethe type ofHajj he likes?

A. He does not have to perfonnHajj Tamattu '. However, there isno harm if he perfonns anotherUmrah and continue his Hajj asTamattu' according to the scholarswho believe that his Hajj isinterrupted by traveling. He stillhas to kill a sheep. On the other

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hand, if he wishes he may performHajj only, but he still has to kill asheep because traveling does notinterrupt Hajj, according to mostcorrect opinion.

BinBazQ. If one crosses the Meeqat

with the intention of performingHajj & Umrah, but he didnotplacea oondition to terminate his Haj ifhe falls sick. Later on he wasunable to complete his Hajj due tosickness. What should he do?

A. This person is considered asMuhsar.l If he did not place a

1 Muhsar, is a person who is preventedfrom continuing his Hajj by a disease,fear, or a similar reason.

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condition, he should wait patientlyfor a chance to resume the ritual. Ifhe cannot, he should shave off hishead or shorten his hair, terminatehis Ihram, and kill a sheepwherever he may be, and distributethe meat to poor people in hislocation even if he is out side theMakkah. If no poor people areavailable there, he may carry themeat and give it to poor people inMakkah, or anywhere around hislocality. If he cannot afford it, heshould fast for 10 days, shave 'offhis head, or shorten his hair andterminate his Ihram.

BinBaz

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Q. A person put on his Ihramin the Meeqat, but forgot. topronounce the Talbiyah forperforming Hajj TamaJtu'. Whatshould he do?

A. If he intended to perform theUmrah but forgot the Talbiyah, heis considered as though hepronounced the Talbiyah. Heshould circuit the Ka'bah, performthe Sa'ee, shorten his hair, andthen terminate his Ihram. He maypronounce the Talbiyah along theway. There is no harm even if hedoes not pronounce the Talbiyah,

because Talbiyah is only aconfIrmed Sunnah. He shouldconsider it as Umrah based on his

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original intention. If his originalintention was to perform Hajj andthere is enough time, it would bebetter if he turns his Hajj intoUmrah, that is, to perform Umrah,shorten his hair and terminateIhram. Later on, he can performHajjTarmttu' in its due time.

BinBazQ. A person intended to

perform Hajj on behalf of hismother, but forgot to reciteTalbiyah on her behalf in theMeeqat. What should he do?

A. As long as he intended toperform Hajj on behalf of hismother, there is no harm if heforgot to recite the Talbiyah on herbehalf, because the intention

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overrides the Talbiyah. TheProphet, may Allah exalt hismention, said: "Deeds areconsidered by intention." If oneforgets to pronounce the Talbiyahon behalf of his mother, his father,or whoever he is performing Hajj,such Hajj would be accepted onbehalf of the person intended fororiginally.

BinBazQ. Should die intmtion of Ihram

be recited in audible voice?What should one say if he intmds 10perfonn Hajj on behalf of someoneelse?

A. The mind is the place ofintention. One should think ofperforming Hajj (or any other

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rituals) in mind. To intendperfonning Hajj or Umrah onbehalf of others, it is commendedto audibly recite the Talbiyahsaying, 'Allahumma labbaika Hajjanan fulan = 0 Allah! Here I am toperfonn Hajj or Umrah on behalfof so & so. That is, his father,mother, brother, or anyone else.That is, to confinn what is in hismind, because the Prophet, mayAllah exalt his mention, did so forof Hqjj & Umrah. This indicates thelegitimacy of reciting the Talbiyahaudibly copying the Prophet, mayAllah exalt his mention. &> did theCompanions as the Prophet, mayAllah exalt his mention, taught

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them. They used to recite theTalbiyah loudly. If a person doesnot recite the Talbiyah audiblybeing satisfied with intending toperform the ritual on behalf ofsomeone else, there is no harm indoing so even if he continues theTalbiyah without mentioning his orher name: 'Labbaika Allahummalabbaik, etc.' as though he isreciting the Talbiyah for himself.Though it is better to name theperson on whose behalf he isperforming Hajj or Umrah. It isenough to recite the Talbiyah onbehalf of the other person in thebeginning of the Hajj or Umrah,

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saying, 'Labbaika Hajjan orUmratan on behalfof so & so'.

BinBazQ. A person who comes to

Makkah for work or for acertain job, and he has thechance to perform Hajj orUmrah. Can he wear the Ihramin his residence, or should he gooutside Makkah to wear it?

A. If a person comes to Makkahto visit a relative, or for businesspurposes not intending to performHajj or Umrah, and then later onhe changes his mind, he may enterthe Ihram in his residence whetherinside or outside Makkah. But ifheoriginally intended to performUmrah, he should go out to

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Tan'eem. When A'ishah wanted toperform Umrah, the Prophet, mayAllah exalt his mention, orderedher brother, Abdurrahman to takeher out to Tan'eem. This ismandatory for him who wants toperform Umrah. To perform Hajj,one can put on the Ihram from hisresidence as mentioned above.

Bin BazQ. Is it conditional to perform

2 rak'aat for Ihram?A. It is not conditional to do so.

Scholars are at variance regardingthis issue. Majority of them areagreed that performing 2-rak'aat iscommended just before theTalbiyah. They argue that theProphet, may Allah exalt his

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mention, put on Ihram afterperforming Dthuhr prayer for HisFarewell Pilgrimage. He said:"Someone (an angel) came to meand said, 'Perform Salat in thisblessed valley, and say, ' Umrahwithin Hajj' ." This is an indicativeof the legitimacy of performing 2rak'aat for Ihram.

Other scholars deny the above­mentioned hadeeth as a proof.They say, 'It refers to an obligatorydaily Salat, not performing 2rak'aat for Ihram. Besides, havingput on his Ihram after anobligatory prayer does not indicatethe incumbency of performing 2rak'aat for the Ihram. It only

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indicates that it is better to put onIhram for Hajj or Umrah afterperfonning an obligatory prayer. '

BinBaz

Q. What is the ruling oncrossing the Meeqat withoutputting on the Ihram for Hajj orUmrah?

A. He who does so shouldreturn to the Meeqat to put on theIhram there, because theMessenger of Allah, may Allahexalt his mention, commanded:"People of Madinah should initiateHajj or Umrah from Dthul-

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Hulaifah, people of Sham1 fromloofah, people of Najd from Qam,and people of Yemen fromYalamlam. In another version, hesaid: "These territorial points arefor their peoples and those whocome their way intending toperform Hajj or Umrah."

It is incumbent on a person whointends to perform Hajj or Umrahto put on Ihram in the Meeqatthrough which he crosses.

On the other hand, it ispreferable during the months of

I The Sham Region includes Syria,Jordan, & Palestine.

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HaJJI to perform Umrah first, i.e.,to circuit the Ka'bah, perform theSa'ee, shorten hair, and thenterminate Ihram. Then later on heputs the Ihram on for the purposeofHajj.

However, if he enters theMeeqat outside the Hajj season,like Sha'ban or Ramadhan, heshould put the Ihram for Umrahonly. If he enters Makkah forvisiting relatives or for business,he does not have to put on Ihramaccording to the correct opinion. Itis better if he takes advantage of

1 The months ofHajj are Shawwal, Dthul­Qi'dah, and the fust 10 days of Dthul­Hajjah

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being in Makkah and intends toperform Umrah.

BinBazQ. A person intends to

perform Hajj, but the planelands in Jeddah before he putson Ihram. What should he do?

A. If he arrives in Jeddahcoming from Sham or Egyptbefore putting on Ihram, he shouldgo to Rabigh by car to initiate Hajjfrom there not from Jeddah. If hecame from Najd to Jeddah by airbefore putting Ihram, he should goto Qarn, the Meeqat of the peopleof Najd to put on the Ihram. If hedoes not go to the Meeqat andinitiates Hajj from Jeddah, heshould give an offering, i.e.,

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sacrifice a sheep, or one seventh of

a cow or a camel in Makkah, and

distribute its meat to poor people

there as an expiation.Bin Baz

Q. A person does not performSalat, and yet he performed Hajj.Is his Hajj valid?

A. He who performs Hajj while

he does not perform Salat denying

it to be a pillar of Islam, then he is

an infidel, and his Hajj is not valid.

If he does not pray being lazy andnegligent, scholars are at variance

regarding the validity of his Hajj.

Some believe it is valid and others

do not. The preponderant opinion

is that his Hajj is not valid;

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because the Prophet, may Allahexalt his mention, said: "Thecovenant which is between us andthem is the Salat, he who does notperform it commits infidelity." Healso said: "Between man andinfidelity and polytheism isabandoning the Salat." Thisapplies to both, a person whodenies it, and a person who doesnot perform it out ofnegligence.

BinBazQ. If a woman has her

menstrual or postnatal periodafter she enters the Ihram, canshe perform the Tawaf!

A. Such woman can perform allof the Hajj rites except the TawafOnce she becomes clean, she can

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perfonn the Tawaf and the Sa'ee.

But if her period occurs after theTawaf and Sa 'ee, and before theFarewell Tawaf, she does not haveto perfonn the latter, because suchwomen are exempted :from Fare\\ellTawqf.

BinBaz

Q. If Iqamah for Salat iscalled while a person has notfinished the Tawaf or Sa'ee.Should he stop or continue?

A. He should join in the Salat,

and then perfonn the remainingrounds ofthe Tawafor the Sa'ee.

BinBaz

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Q. Is it incumbent to performthe 2 rak'aat of the Tawafbehindthe Maqam? What if a personforgets performing them?

A. It is not mandatory toperform these 2 rak'aat behind theMaqam, rather anywhere shoulddo. Nor is there harm if one forgetsto perform them, because they arenot prerequisite.

BinBazQ. Can a person delay Tawaf

al-Ifadhah until just beforedeparture to perform it with theintention of performing theFarewell Tawafl

A. There is no harm in doing so,for Tawaf al-Ifadhah at that point'IS sufficient for Farewell Tawaf as

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well whether one intends it forboth or not. The point is thatTawaf al-lfadhah alone would besufficient whether a person intendsto perform two in one or not. It isalso permissible to perform thatTawafday or night.

Bin Baz.

Q. Is Wudhu' necessary forTawafand Sa'ee?

A. Wudhu' is necessary forTawaf, not Sa 'ee; but it is better to

perform Sa 'ee with Wudhu'.Bin Baz.

Q. Is the Farewell TawaJnecessary for Umrah? Is itpermissible to do shopping after

Farewell Tawqf!

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A. Although it is better toperform Farewell Tawaf forUmrah, but it is not necessary.There is no harm in leavingMakkah without performing it.However, it is a duty to perform itafter the Hajj, because the Prophet,may Allah exalt his mention, said:"Let none of you depart before hecircuits the House. l " This was anaddress to pilgrims in general.

On the other hand, one maypurchase his needs, even if they arefor commercial purposes, providedhe does not stay longer than

1 The 1mn'House' refers lolhe Ka'bah.

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necessary. Otherwise, he shouldperfonn another Farewell Tawaf.

BinBazQ. Is it permissible to perform

Sa'ee before the Tawafin Hajj orUmrah?

A. Tawaf according to Sunnahshould be perfonned before Sa'ee,whether in Hajj or Umrah, butthere is no hann if some does it theother way round unknowingly. Aman told the Prophet that heperfonned the Sa'ee first, he said,'No harm'.

BinBazQ. Is it better to shave off or

shorten the hair after the Hajj orUmrah? Is it permissible toshorten part of the hair?

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A. It is better to shave off thehead at the end of Hajj or Umrah;because the Prophet, may Allahexalt his mention, asked Allahthree times to grant mercy andforgiveness to those who shave offtheir heads, and only once forthose who shorten their hair. It isbetter during the Hajj season toshorten hair at the end of theUmrah, so that one would be ableto shave off the head at the end ofHajj; because Hajj is better thanUmrah. However, if there isenough time between Umrah andHajj for the hair to grow, then it isbetter to shave off after Umrah,and do the same at the end ofHajj.

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On the other hand, it is notsufficient to shorten part of thehair. One should either shave offorshorten all of the hair. Either wayone should start with the right sideof the head.

BinBaz

Q. What is the ruling onspending the nights of Tashreeq(11t\ 12t

\ & 13th of Dthul­Hijjah) outside Mina willfully, ordue to the lack of space? Whenshould a pilgrim leave Mina?

A. Spending the nights of 11th

& 12th in Mina is a duty on bothmen and women according to theauthentic verdict. Those who find

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no space are exempted, and theydo not have to expiate.

A pilgrim may leave Mina aftercasting the Jamarat on theafternoon of the 12th

, but it isbetter if he stays behind until hecasts the Jamarat on the afternoonofthe 13th

.

Bin BazQ. Is it permissible to pick

stones from grounds around theJamrat?

A. It is permissible; becausestones in the area of Jamrat are notbeen used for casting. As for thestones in the basin, it is notpermissible to pick and use forcasting.

BinBaz

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Q. If someone is doubtful

about the right number of stone

he casts; what should he do?

A. Such person should complete

the number even if he picks the

stones from the ground around the

Jamrat.BinBaz

Q. My mod1er k sick and old; k it

pent1RibIe to perform Hajj on her

behalf?A. There is no hann if you do

that provided you have already

performed Hajj for yourself. If

however, she becomes able to

perform Hajj in the future, it

would be better if she herself

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performs the Hajj just to be on thesafe side. Allah knows best.

Ibn Manee'Q. Is it permissible to take a

loan to perform Hajj?A. It is permissible, but not

necessary to do so. A person whois financially incapable, he isexempted. Hajj is a duty only on aperson who can afford it.Therefore, he who does not haveenough funds, he does not have toborrow money to perform it; for heis exempted on the grounds ofincapability. Allah knows best.

Ibn Manee'

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Q. A woman wants to perl'olDlUmrah, but she doe! not have a

mohram;l can she accompany hersister and her husband toperform Umrah?

A. It is unlawful for a womanwho believes in Allah and the LastDay to travel without a mahram.Her brother-in-law is not herMahram. Therefore; she is notpermitted to travel with him evenifher sister accompanies her. If shedoes go with them, then shecommits a sin; because by so

1 A mahram, is a male escort such as ahusband, or one of the woman's malesiblings who are not lawful for her tomarry.

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doing, she disobeys the Messengerof Allah, may Allah exalt hismention, who forbade women totravel without a mahram. Scholarshave said that the ability toperform Hajj or Umrah for womenmeans the availability of aMahram. If a woman does nothave a Mahram, then she isexempted from Hajj, even if shecan afford it physically andfinancially. Allah knows best.

Ibn Manee'

Q. I finished the Umrah butforgot to shorten my hair. I tookmy Duam off, and put on myclothes. What should I do?

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A. The Prophet, may Allah exalthis mention, said: "Allah forgivesmy Ummah's mistakes, sinscommitted out of forgetfulness,and things they do undercoercion."1

No expiation is due on you.You should take off your clothes,put the Ihram on, then shave offyour head, or shorten your hairsoon as you become aware of theruling. If you remember and yetyou do not do that, then you haveto kill a sheep for not observing aduty of Hajj, i.e., shaving off your

1 Ibn Majah

154

hair or shortening it. Allah knowsbest.

Ibn Manee'Q. Is it permissible for me to

perform Hajj when I am in debt?A. There is no relation between

Hajj and debts; hence, it ispermissible for a person in debt toperform Hajj. If the debt is due,then he should pay it off; becauseprocrastination on the part of awealthy person is wrong. It entailspunishing and disgracing. In thatcase, he should payoffhis debt; hemay perform Hajj later on, if hecan afford it Otherwise, he isexempted. Allah says: "And Hajj

155

to the House is a duty which men,

who can afford it, owe Allah.".

On the other hand, if he goes

ahead and performs Hajj while

being in debt, although, he

commits a sin by doing so, but his

Hajj would be valid. Allah knows

best.BinBaz

Q. Some people COBmme Tawqf

while dIe imam is delivering the

Khutbah of Jum'ah prayer, and

they supplicate loudly and

roIIedively. Is it pen11tisibIe to

perform Tawaf or Sa 'ee at that

point?

1 Q. 3:97

156

A. Such a person who is atraveler is exempted fromperforming Jum 'ah prayer. Itappears to me that he is not awareof the command of keeping silentwhile the imam delivers theKhutbah if his intention is toperform Dthuhr, not Jum 'ahprayer. However, if he intends toperform Jum 'ah prayer, or if he isa resident whose duty is to attendthis prayer, he must sit and listento the Khutbah. Once the Jum 'ahprayer is over, he can continue theTawaf. Allah knows best

lbnManee'

157

Q. I performed Hajj TamatJu'but did not pertOnn Sa~ after Tawqf

aJ.lfadlUlh, thinking that Sa 'ee forUmrah would satisfy for Sa'eefor Hajj, then I went back to mycountry. Was what I did right?

A. People of knowledge, mayAllah grant them mercy, are atvariance whether a Mutamatti'l

should perform Sa 'ee twice;2 onefor Umrah and another for Hajj.

1 Mutamatti', a person performing Hajj

Tamattu', which is performing Umrah and

Hajj separately.

2 Sa'ee in this context means performing

seven trips between the Safa & the

Marwah, not a single trip as one may

think.

158

The majority of them believe thatone should perform Sa 'ee twice,once for Hajj and another forUmrah. That is, the first Sa 'eebelongs to the Umrah, which is anindependent ritual from the Hajj.While Hajj is another ritual thathas its own rites, one of which isthe Sa'ee.

However, some scholars believethat one Sa'ee satisfies for bothHajj & Umrah, just like the Mufridand the Qarin whose Sa'ee afterthe Arrival Tawaf satisfies for theSa 'ee of Tawaf al-Ifadhah. Thisopinion is related to Imam Ahmad.Shaikhul-Islam Ibn Taymiyahdescribed this as the preponderant

159

of the Imam's two differentopinions. He elaborated on itsaying, 'Those who performedHajj Tamattu' with the Prophet,

may Allah exalt his mention, didnot perform Sa 'ee between the

Safa & Marwah more than once.

Abdullah, son of Imam Ahmadsaid: "My father was asked, 'How

many times should a Mutamatti'perform Sa'ee'. He answered, 'It isbetter if he performs Tawaf andSa'ee twice, but there is no harm if

he performs it once. However, Iprefer performing Sa 'ee twice.'

Imam Ahmad said that IbnAbbas used to say, 'It is enough for

160

the Mutamatti' to perform Tawaf& Sa 'ee once.

Although people are agreed thatthe Companions who performedHajj Tamattu' with the Prophet,may Allah exalt his mention,circuited the Ka'bah and trippedbetween the Safa & the Marwahupon their arrival. But scholars areat variance as to whether theyperformed another Sa 'ee whenthey returned from Arafah. Somesay they did, and others say theydid not. Both, Imam al-Bukhariand Imam Muslim reported thatJabir said: "Neither the ProJD:t,may Allah exalt his mention, mrhisCompanions performed Sa 'ee

161

more than once'. The followinghadeeth of the Prophet, may Allahexalt his mention, supports Jabir'sreport: "Umrah is incorporatedwith Hajj until the Day ofResurrection". 1 Hence, themoment the Mutamatti' puts on theIhram for Umrah, he in factinitiates the ritual of Hajj too; butthe latter is separated from theformer to make it easier for thepilgrim.

Based on what is mentionedabove, and since some scholarsbelieve that a single Sa 'ee satisfiesfor both Hajj & Umrah, we hope

I Muslim

162

that there is no hann for theinquirer to perform a single Sa'eefor both Umrah & Hajj. However,we advise him to perform Sa 'ee foreach in the future, just to be on thesafe side.

IhnManee'

The End

163

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